Jiang Chen was struggling to write, when he suddenly heard a new word, and hurriedly raised his hand and asked: "Today, dare to ask what is endowment insurance?" ”

Lin Xi pondered for a while and said:

"As for insurance, how can I explain it to you?

I will say two examples, one is a mountain road, once there was an ox cart transporting tiles, the axle was broken, the tiles were scattered on the road, everyone could not walk, it was raining again, the trucks on both sides could not walk, the wind and rain were getting stronger and stronger, and if this continued, everyone would be blocked on the road, and I don't know how many people and goods were lost.

So some people say that let the people on both sides pool a little money to give the owner of the oxcart tiles, and then push the cart and the tiles down the hill to make the road unobstructed, and also let the owners of the oxcart tiles reduce their losses.

There is another example, there is a country, often do maritime trade, the sea ship is large, very few people can get together a ship of goods, but the sea ship goes to sea, sometimes encountering strong winds and waves, the ship needs to throw away some goods, reduce the weight, at this time, there are also people pooled money, throw away the more bulky goods.

Later, it evolved that before boarding the ship, everyone often pooled some money with each other, and if the whole ship was sunk, the accumulated money would be compensated to the person who lost it according to a certain percentage.

All, as it later evolved, a group of people who benefited from what they did, in order to face the risk, everyone pooled a little money in advance, and if something went wrong, then they used the money to compensate or compensate the people who suffered losses.

Endowment insurance, is the imperial court will pay each tax Dingkou income, retain a part, there is the imperial court used in the tax Dingkou lost the ability to work after a certain age, give a certain amount of money and food every month to pension, this is the time to work, pay pension insurance, after retirement, you are now called Zhishi, according to how much you paid before, receive a pension every month, until death, after death, give a basic funeral. ”

Jiang Chen asked hesitantly: "Today, there is something unclear about the lower officials, so I don't dare not ask." ”

Lin Xi looked at Jiang Chen's serious face and felt that Jiang Chen was very likely to doubt the integrity and operational ability of the court officials and the royal family, so he asked:

"Director Jiang, you can want to ask:

The imperial court itself can't make ends meet every year, how can it give money and food to the old Ding Kou in the future?

Or, with the guarantee of money and food, people will live for a long time, and more and more people will need to be supported in the future, which will be difficult to sustain?

Also, will the tax money collected that year be put in the hands of officials, eaten and taken by various ministries, and appropriated by the royal family for their own use?

In addition, will there be natural and man-made disasters, even if Ding Kou takes the pension insurance, he will not be able to live.

In addition, now we only have an empty city, in the future, if you control the world, the whole world, how to manage, how to protect? ”

Jiang Chen bowed: "Today's wisdom, the lower officials really don't dare to look up, but these are the heavy burdens of the Ministry of Civil Affairs in the future, and the lower officials implore the upper authorities to teach today." ”

Lin Xi said:

"On behalf of the herdsmen, we need to give the people the hope of life, the dignity of death, the freedom of life, the ability to work, and the opportunities to create, so that every people have expectations, confidence, reliance, dedication, and maintenance for the country, the court, and the future.

The reason why insurance could only pass between merchants in the past was because merchants could make huge profits in trade, pay insurance premiums, and the profits were enough to cover the losses.

Right? ”

Jiang Chen thought for a moment and said:

"Today, the last two of your story, I realized that they are different from the previous one, the first one is called emergency relief, and the last two are not emergency rescue, but equal risk, countering accidental risks, such benefits are very similar to regular liquidation.

I remember that it is recorded in the book that during the Warring States Period, Li Kui practiced the law of peace in Wei, (476 BC entered the Warring States Period) after the three families were divided into Jin (that is, in 445 BC), the monarch of Wei Wenhou ascended the throne and appointed Li Kui as the prime minister to preside over the law change. He believed that if the price of grain was too cheap, it would hurt the peasants, and if it was too expensive, it would hurt the people (urban residents), because it was too expensive and too cheap, it was not conducive to the stability of the imperial court, so he implemented the "Pinglian Law".

The practice is: the composition of the good year is divided into the upper, middle and lower grades, and the bad years are also divided into the upper, middle and lower grades.

Harvest years are based on the annual harvest situation, and the state buys surplus grain.

In poor harvest years, the state sells the purchased grain at a parity according to the extent of the poor harvest.

Grain purchased in a good harvest year is sold in a good harvest year, grain purchased in a medium harvest year is sold in a medium harvest year, and grain purchased in a lower harvest year is sold in a poor harvest year. In this way, "although there is famine, flood, and drought, the people will not be dispersed." Only when "the people do not disperse" can the political power be consolidated, and this is the purpose of the "Peaceful Law."

As a result, the Wei State became rich and strong, making the Wei State the most powerful country in the early Warring States period.

Fan Li and Guan Zi also have a similar statement, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Sang Hongyang founded the leveling method, relying on a large amount of money and silk materials in the hands of the imperial court, and sold them at a low price in Beijing to stabilize prices. During the reign of Emperor Xuandi Yuankang, there were bumper harvests year after year, and the price of grain was as cheap as one stone and five dollars, and "farmers were less profitable". Around this time, Geng Shouchang, the chief farmer, focused on the application of the equalization method to the collection and storage of grain, set up granaries in some areas, and purchased grain at too low prices into the government to "benefit the people".

This granary has been renamed Chang Closed Position. At that time, in the area of Jincheng (now northwest of Yongjing, Gansu) and Huangshui (now both sides of Huangshui, Qinghai), the valley was eight dollars per stone, and Geng Shouchang had purchased 400,000 grains in this area.

From the first year to the second year of Wufeng (57~56 BC), Geng Shouchang thought that in previous years, he sent 4 million Hu from Kanto to Jingshi Caogu every year, and used 60,000 Cao, the cost was too large, and it was suggested that more than half of the Guandong Caoshu could be killed from the nearby Sanfu (now the central region of Shaanxi), Hongnong (the west of present-day Henan and the southeastern part of Shaanxi), Hedong (the west of Qinshui and the south of Huoshan in Shanxi), Shangdang (now Heshun, Shanxi, south of Yushe, and east of the Qinshui Basin), Taiyuan and other places to buy valleys for the Beijing division, and more than half of the provincial Guandong Cao's pawns.

Geng Shouchang also played in the fourth year of Wufeng to set up granaries in border counties, "to increase the grain when it is cheap, to benefit the peasants, when the grain is expensive, reduce the Jia and the grain, the name is often closed, and Changping is regarded as a national policy."

In the first five years of Emperor Yuan, the reigning Confucian ministers used the excuse of the continuous famine in the eastern part of the country, and often closed the position to compete with the people for profit, so they abolished the salt and iron officials, and the Tian officials of Beijiao (now north of Hetao and south of Yinshan in Inner Mongolia).

During the Yongping period of Emperor Ming of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he planned to set up a regular position, but Liu Ban opposed it because of the accumulation of disadvantages, so he gave up.

In the first four years of Emperor Tai of Jin Dynasty (268 AD), he always closed the position, and the harvest year was prosperous, and the year was thrifty.

When Emperor Wu of Qi, the price of rice grain cloth was cheap, and it was agreed to buy and accumulate savings in Changping City, and in the sixth year of Yongming (488), he issued the treasury money to buy in Jingshi City, and ordered the states to pay for it in the city where it was located.

In the twelfth year of Emperor Taihe of Wei Xiaowen (488 AD), Li Biao, the secretary and superintendent, asked for two-ninths of the regular transfer of Zhuzhou and counties and the use of Kyoto to support the year.

In the third year of Emperor Heqing (564 AD), Emperor Wucheng of the Northern Qi Dynasty ordered Zhuzhou County to place a rich man's warehouse, and also used the method of Changping.

In the third year of Emperor Wen of Sui (583), he placed Chang Ping in Kyoto and Chang Ping in Shaanzhou.

In the same year, Sun Pingjuan, the chief of the Duzhi Shangshu, ordered the people to produce less than one stone of millet according to the rich and poor households, and store them in the Lu to prepare for the murderous year, which was called Yicang; Five years later, he established a righteous warehouse according to his proposal.

In the second year of Zhenguan of Taizong of Tang Dynasty (628 AD), the county of Zhou was ordered to juxtapose Yicang, where the land was purchased by two liters per mu (Gaozong changed to millet according to households) and stored it, and the fierce year was given or loaned to the people for the autumn maturity of the planting.

In thirteen years, Lingluo, Xiang, You, Xu, Qi, And, Qin, and Pu Zhuzhou closed their positions.

During the reign of Gojong, the Kyoto East and West Markets were placed in Changping, and the Changping Administration was set up.

In the seventh year of Xuanzong's Kaiyuan Dynasty (719 AD), he expanded the area where he set up a regular position, and set the regular position to be closed in Shangzhou for 3,000 guan, Zhongzhou for 2,000 guan, and Xiazhou for 1,000 guan; When the grain is cheap, the price of three dollars is added to the hour, and the match shall not be suppressed, and the price will be reduced when it is expensive.

In the fourth year of Tianbao (745 AD), the harvest was harvested, and the Yicang was also harvested by the quasi-Changping method, and the Yicang had the function of Changping.

In the eighth year of Tianbao, Guannei, Hebei, Hedong, Hexi, Longyou, Jiannan, Henan, Huainan, Shannan, Jiangnan ten Changping grain totaled more than 460,000 stones.

The Anshi Rebellion is often closed and scrapped.

Dezong ascended the throne (780 A.D.), the beginning of the restoration of the capital of the east and west of the city Chang Ping, after the household of the servant Zhao Zan, the master of the capital of the capital of the capital of Changping, the officials to levy merchant taxes and bamboo, wood, tea and lacquer and other taxes to charge, but because of the huge military expenditure, the taxes are as they can be exhausted, can not be used for Changping.

In the first year of Xianzong Yuanhe (806 AD), it was stipulated that the state governments should take 20% of the annual land tax to close positions and righteous positions, and make loans, or loans according to the regulations.

Since then, the functions of the regular closing position and the righteous position have been integrated, and it is called the regular closing and righteous position.

In the first year of Wenzong's opening (836 AD), he ordered the officials and the people to pay another liter of millet per mu in addition to the land and land, and added reserves in the states to the regular position year by year, and stopped in Changzhong.

In the third year of Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty (992 AD), Song Shi Chang closed his position in Gyeonggi.

After the third year of Jingde (1006 AD), except for the border prefectures and counties, the whole country has been generally set up.

According to the number of people, each state retains 120,000 to 23,000 yuan for the capital, and the summer and autumn grains are cheap every year, and the market price is increased by 35 cents, and the price is reduced when the grain is expensive, and the reduction shall not be less than the capital.

If more than three years have not been released, that is, to fill the grain store, easy to use new grain, later due to the surplus of Changping and the lack of food for the soldiers of the three divisions, Changping Qian Gu is often moved to help fill the military expenses.

In the second year of Xining (A.D. 1069), the green seedling method was implemented, and the Chang Ping method was replaced by the green seedling method, and the money accumulated by the valley of 15 million guan stone (including the accumulation of Guanghui Cang) was also used as the green seedling money, and the loan was released before the summer and autumn of each year, and the harvest was repaid with the two taxes, and the interest was divided into two cents.

For seven years, it was changed to half of the loose money to receive interest, and only once a year to collect the loose green seedlings money, and half of the money was reduced at a reduced price.

In the past nine years, the number of money and goods in various places has increased to more than 37,390,000 stones.

In the ninth year of Shaoxing (1139 AD), after the rebuilding of Changping, the old method of resuming the old method of scattering and collecting was restored.

In the third year of the main road (A.D. 1167), the accumulation of Changping and Yicang on the roads totaled more than 3.57 million stones and more than 2.87 million yuan of money, most of which were imaginary numbers.

For example, in Shinshu, the account book contains more than 90,000 stones, the reported number is 68,000 stones, and the amount of menstrual inventory is only more than 10,000 stones.

Closing positions is dead in name.

In the fourteenth year of Jin Shizong's reign (1174 AD), he had set the system of closing positions, increasing the market price by two-tenths in the harvest year, and reducing the market price by one-tenth in the thrifty year, and ordered the whole country to implement it, but it was abolished soon.

In the first year of Zhangzong Mingchang (1190 AD), he was re-established, and he could store enough grain for three months according to the number of county households, and ordered the Criminal Division and the Zhulu Planning Division to receive it at the same time.

For three years, with its often nominal and substantial, the magistrates pursued the law of rewards and punishments for industriousness, and customized: those within sixty miles of the county from the state were placed in the state warehouse, and those outside sixty miles were not placed.

The original plan for storing grain for three months was changed to the number of grain stored according to the number of households, ranging from 30,000 stone for more than 20,000 households to 5,000 stone for less than 5,000 households.

In five years, there were 519 warehouses across the country, accumulating more than 37.86 million stones.

Nowadays, if the normal year and the fierce year can alternate, and the normal or good year, can provide a large amount of surplus grain, this is the basis for the implementation of the law of regular liquidation or leveling, if the imperial court is not enough to pay taxes, or the fierce year is too prosperous, the law of regular liquidation and peacemaking, I am afraid that it will lose the foundation, this is also the new dynasty when the population is smaller, the land is more abundant, the reason for the implementation of the law of regular liquidation and peace, and with the continuation of one day, redundant people, families, scribes, nobles more and more, often close the grain also often become the family bureaucrats and businessmen collusion, It is a convenient means to harm the people, enrich themselves, and bring disaster to the country and the people.

To tell the truth, today, in the future, whether there are bureaucrats, whether there are families, whether there are any people whose number of people has skyrocketed, although the subordinates dare not say anything, but they really have the confidence that after a hundred years, there will be inevitable confidence.

Therefore, today, the law of endowment insurance, compared with the regular liquidation, all turned into money and grain, and also have to pay taxes to serve the Ding Kou can enjoy, but in the long run, I am afraid it will be difficult to continue, and please take back your life today. ”

Lin Xi was very surprised when he heard Jiang Chen's brilliant words: "How can Director Jiang say it casually to Chang Ping, what he says?" ”

Jiang Chen said:

"It's just a fluke, and the department has always thought that it is necessary to read through the books of the sages, and to read through the books of the sages.

To tell the truth, half of the treatise on language rules the world, and after thinking and observing in many ways, the department thinks that it is not enough; Familiar with the 24 histories, I can often observe the causes and consequences of national politics.

The law of the rule of officials is too huge, and the people take food as the sky, so the ministers have worked hard, studied the law of often closing and peacefully for many years, and even once thought that this was a good policy to save the country and save the people and save the court, and finally found that whether it is the law of regular liquidation or the law of pingping, it must be operated by officials, and there must be motives and methods of collusion between inside and outside their hands, and the policy of benefiting the people has become a policy of calamity to the country and the people, but in an instant.

So, hey~~~~"

When Lin Xi heard this, he realized that even among the ancients, people with unique insight and seeking up and down were not general, they really responded to that sentence, and there were talented people in the country!

Lin Xi was overjoyed, so that there was no need to worry about the people in his team who were thoughtful and good at thinking, and sure enough, if they got the idea through, things would change dramatically, Lin Xi couldn't help but think of a sentence that he often said when he was training young teachers in the kindergarten - the idea is reached, the measures are there, and the profit will be generated immediately.

......

Lin Xi came back to his senses, only to find that Jiang Chen was still standing and saluting respectfully, Lin Xi asked, "Jiang Chen, how long have you been saluting just now?" ”

Xiao Bing next to him couldn't help but whisper: "Today, you have been wandering in the world just now, and it has been half an hour." Director Jiang has always been courteous. ”

Lin Xi secretly said ashamed, and thought in his heart that he was afraid that he would not be able to be a commander in this state, and he should cultivate a group of talents as soon as possible, so he said: "Chief Jiang, sit down first, this is my negligence, Xiao Bing, change tea for Chief Jiang." ”

Jiang Chen hurriedly said: "The Venerable Master has entered the decision, and his subordinates dare not disturb, just now Marshal Tu has ordered five hundred elite soldiers, and they are on close guard, I am afraid that there will be some harassment today, but there are people with hearts." ”

Lin Xi said: "Yes, when I think about it recently, I often settle down, I don't know the years, in fact, you shouldn't be in the position of commander, Jiang Chen, you have to grow up quickly." ”

Tu Xi saw that Lin Xi had already made up his mind, and hurriedly came over to ask for peace: "Today, the department failed to arrange it as soon as possible, and almost disturbed the Venerable, it is really a sin, please forgive the Venerable Master, otherwise move to the inner hall now?" ”

Lin Xi said: "Well, there is no need for the time being, I already know it, it was Jiang Chen's talent and persistence just now, which surprised me extraordinarily, and I couldn't help but feel shaken." Now that it is clear that after this war, we will immediately organize the military academy and the administrative school, Xiao Bing, you have recorded that we must select, train, and create new ideas, new skills, and officers at all levels in the new era, as well as administrative and management service talents.

Jiang Chen is right, he said it very well, and you can see it very thoroughly.

If the sacred China wants to give the people confidence, the country must have the ability, and the national production and security must have a surplus, which depends on innovation, scientific and technological innovation, innovation in systems and laws, and the renewal and creation of Heavenly Dao cognition and ideology and culture.

Innovation is a unique talent given by God to human beings, and conscience is a unique talent given by God to human beings.

It is necessary to let agricultural production, industrial production, national defense development, scientific prosperity, and moral propaganda be the only way for the sacred China to get rid of the constraints of the old era, and development is the last word!

All practices and creations must be tested by facts and the times, and the proclamation of humanity in the hearts of all people must be considered by conscience and humanity. ”

Jiang Chen seemed to have caught something, and he stopped talking.