Chapter 112 Building a Fertilizer Plant and Running a Radio Station

After listening to Zhang Zhimu's introduction, Lu Bingyi said: "Mr. Zhang, what you said, technically speaking, there is no big problem. We use electrode furnaces to produce calcium carbide. But this thing consumes too much electricity, and if we were to do mass production, we wouldn't have enough electricity. ”

"What Mr. Lu said is that this is also something I want to discuss with you today. First of all, I want to tell you that the aluminum we want to smelt is really too useful. Not only is it lightweight, but it has many other uses, which we'll talk about later. The mines of this thing are very widespread, far more than the copper mines. The smelting he mentioned consumes a lot of electricity, and it is indeed a bottleneck for us to smelt him in the future. As for electricity, we are still at the beginning, and our demand for electricity will accelerate in the future. This problem will even be a bottleneck that restricts our development. So I would like to discuss with you, in addition to speeding up the hydropower project in Xishan Paozi, we also need to choose a coal mine and build a large power plant near the coal mine. The other is to choose a place to build a large-scale hydroelectric power station. The construction period of hydropower generation is long, but the benefits are good after completion. And it can solve the water conservancy problem in the river basin. Kill a few birds with one stone. Zhang Zhimu said.

Lu Bingyi listened to Zhang Zhimu's words, nodded, thought for a while and said, "I think our Xiaolinghe project is almost complete. It is better for us to set up a water conservancy construction department based on Tang Jingyao's team. Specifically, let them go out to inspect and see what waters near our kiln gang are suitable for building a reservoir. This requires a good weighing of the pros and cons. As for the thermal power plant, it is better for us to build it directly in Niutou Mountain. Anyway, they have to build a coking plant there, maybe the two of them can complement each other. A minimum of living facilities can be shared. ”

"I think so. The two of us agree on this matter, and I can decide it. Zhang Zhimu said.

"Also, our Duan Jingzhong Road Repair is also doing well. Let's make up our minds that he will set up a highway and bridge construction team. Lu Bingyi said.

"I think the two people in this land and water are very suitable candidates. They were originally colleagues, and there will be more places for them to cooperate in the future. However, if I look at the names of their two departments, I think one is called the Water Conservancy and Hydropower Construction Committee, and the other is called the Bridge and Highway Construction Committee. Tang Jingyao and Duan Jingzhong served as directors respectively. The railway construction on your side is also called the Railway Construction Committee, and the director is chosen by you. Zhang Zhimu said.

Li Dong and Liu Baoxue watched Zhang Zhimu and Lu Bingyi talk about it and never spoke, but Li Dong didn't say where the aluminum plant and magnesium plant were built in the end. Li Dong asked: "Mr. Zhang, you can also decide where to build this aluminum plant and magnesium factory." ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "The magnesium plant should be built together with our potassium chlorate plant first. Because potassium chlorate is extracted from carnallite, the remaining magnesium chloride is just the raw material of the magnesium factory. I think that the aluminum factory can only build one test site now, so it is better to build it together first. In the future, we will have enough electricity, see where the aluminum ore is sufficient, and it is convenient to get electricity, and then decide. ”

Sending Li Dong and Liu Baoxue away, Zhang Zhimu left Lu Bingyi.

Zhang Zhimu said to Lu Bingyi: "Mr. Lu, our fertilizer production is a big deal, I think we will let Qingfengzi and them set up a fertilizer factory." Now we can use ammonium sulfate for nitrogen fertilizer and potassium chloride for potassium fertilizer. But we can't do it without phosphate fertilizers. Fortunately, we have apatite, and we can use apatite and sulfuric acid to react to produce phosphoric acid. This reaction equation is Ca5F(PO4)3+5H2SO4+

H2O == 3H3PO4 + 5Ca SO4·

H2O + HF, we separate and precipitate Ca SO4 to leave phosphoric acid. We then treated phosphate rock with phosphoric acid to produce heavy superphosphate, and his equation Ca10F2(PO4)6+14H3PO4+10H2O─→10Ca(H2PO4)2· H2O+2HF。 Generally, we can also use ammonia to neutralize disuperphosphate with ammonia to produce ammonium phosphate. This ammonium phosphate can be used as a compound fertilizer for both nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. With nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, combined with rational use, our crops can be highly productive. ”

Zhang Zhimu explained to Lu Bingyi and wrote several reaction equations to Lu Bingyi. This is thanks to the fact that I paid a little attention to a small control project for a small fertilizer factory in my previous life. With this reaction principle in mind, the reaction equation was carefully balanced.

Lu Bingyi has always attached great importance to the matter of chemical fertilizer, and when he heard Zhang Zhimu say this, of course he agreed. "Gee, I've always felt like I didn't have enough fertilizer," he said. You see, the crops that have been fertilized are obviously different from those that have not been fertilised. Do you think I can not be in a hurry? ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "When our shipbuilding capacity comes up, we will build a few big ships and go to some islands in the south, where there is a large amount of sea bird droppings, which are natural phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers, which can be used directly in the fields." ”

"How much guano can you have, and you can pull it with a boat?" Lu Bingyi felt that it was not credible.

Zhang Zhimu said: "Mr. Lu, you have to know. Those islands have accumulated guano for thousands or even tens of thousands of years. In some places, it can be several meters thick, and it is enough for us to pull it by boat for decades. ”

Lu Bingyi saw that Zhang Zhimu didn't seem to be joking, and said: "Then we don't have to do any trade when we go to sea, just go to pull guano." It's not a joke to say it. ”

"By the way, I saw Lu Qi and Mr. Lu together this morning, we can call him and ask him if there is such an island in Sulu." After speaking, he went out and said to Yang Yulin: "Call Mr. Lu and ask where Lu Qi is?" Find him and ask him to come over. ”

Coincidentally, Lu Qi happened to be with Lu Chengxiang, and I heard that Zhang Zhimu was looking for Lu Qi. Lu Chengxiang and Lu Qi came over together.

Seeing Lu Qi and Lu Chengxiang, Zhang Zhimu gave them a seat and said, "Lu Qi, you finally came back, why don't you stay at home with your parents for a few more days." ”

Lu Qi has also seen the world now, and he is no longer the shy young man, "Oh, Mr. Zhang, don't say it." I've been at home for a few days. Our family has a matchmaker come to the door every day. It's making me uncomfortable. Besides, there is no room for us at home, and it is comfortable to live in the kiln. There is not even a place to visit. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "This is a good thing! If you can settle the marriage this time, not only will your parents have a heart, but your uncle will also be relieved. ”

"Oh, Mr. Zhang, you see that I am overseas all the year round, and I don't know when I can come back. Let's wait and talk about the marriage. ”

Lu Chengxiang said: "You kid is ambitious. Since we Shanxi people went out to be apprentices, some of us have not been able to return home for a few years or more. It doesn't matter where you are. Fortunately, you have come back twice in the past two years. ”

Lu Qi hurriedly crossed Lu Chengxiang's words, smiled and said, "Mr. Zhang, Mr. Lu, is there something wrong with you asking me to come over?" ”

Zhang Zhimu liked Lu Qi's cleverness very much, "Yes." Lu Qi, have you ever seen an island with a lot of seabirds over there in the South Seas? ”

"That's too much. There are places where no one is all bird's nests, and the guano on the island makes people sink deeply. Some of them couldn't go to the island. Lu Qi replied.

Zhang Zhimu and Lu Bingyi looked at each other and smiled. Zhang Zhimu said: "Lu Qi, those bird droppings are all treasures." We'll go there and mine guano later. ”

Lu Chengxiang was a little stunned and asked, "Mr. Zhang, you said that those bird droppings are treasures?" ”

"Yes, Mr. Lu. Those bird droppings are good phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers, and if we put them in the ground, our crops will increase a lot. Zhang Zhimu said.

"Oh, my day feels like I'm dreaming. I don't know what happened that day. And now guano is still a treasure? Lu Chengxiang said exaggeratedly.

"Mr. Lu, you don't know, those seabirds eat fish and shrimp, and their feces contain a lot of phosphorus and nitrogen, but they can directly use nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Do you think it's a baby? ”

"Better than our thiamine?" Lu Chengxiang saw the fertilizer effect of perthiamine.

"Of course, this is a compound of two fertilizers. Thiamine is just a nitrogen fertilizer. Zhang Zhimu explained.

Lu Chengxiang said: "Don't talk about those things in the future. We now have more than 100,000 war horses and more than 100,000 horses. Tens of thousands of camels. These are the ones that have to eat a lot of grain and forage every day. We can't just feed on that. That 'Cybernaut' is like a Chinese New Year every day. But a war horse costs seven catties of grain a day, not to mention forage. Although it is said that if you don't fight, you can feed less food, but if the war horse loses fat, it will not be easy to sell. Tell me, how can we afford to feed so many idle horses? ”

"Oh, that's a sad thing. When Li Mao returns, let him transport the horse out as soon as possible. However, those horses, we can divide them into various states and counties, and they must need horses for ploughing and transporting. After decades of drought and several wars, there are not many cattle and horses left? Zhang Zhimu said.

In order to arrange the next step as soon as possible, after Lu Chengxiang and Lu Bingyi left, Zhang Zhimu immediately called Yangchang to come over, and at the same time asked Li Yunhe to come over, because of the arrangement this time, without Li Yunhe's help, they couldn't rely on Yangchang themselves.

After Li Yunhe and Yangchang were seated, Zhang Zhimu asked, "Yangchang." How's your radio doing? ”

"Our medium-wave radio stations can be used to send and receive. We're getting ready for shortwave. Yang Chang said.

"What I'm going to tell you today is a way to make your circuits more efficient. I want you and Li Yunhe to cooperate in the production of a copper clad laminate. With copper clad laminates, you don't have to drill holes in the wooden board when you make circuits, and then use wires to connect the devices. Zhang Zhimu said.

"Clad laminates?" Yangchang has never heard of it.

Zhang Zhimu said: "In this way, we can soak paper in gum, and then stack multiple layers of such paper together, add another layer of copper foil on top, heat and pressure and press together to form a board, this board is called copper clad laminate." There is a copper foil on one side called a single-sided copper clad laminate, and a two-sided copper clad laminate is called a double-sided copper clad laminate. ”

"Such a copper clad laminate can make a circuit?" Yang Chang asked.

"Yes. We can use paraffin wax or paint to draw the circuit we want to make on the copper clad laminate. It is then immersed in a solution of ferric chloride. The copper foil that is not painted will be corroded by ferric chloride, and the rest is the circuit we need. On this kind of circuit board, we use a drill bit to drill out the required vias, and solder the components together. This makes it easy to make circuit boards. You say it's inconvenient? Zhang Zhimu patiently explained.

"If we could, it would be so convenient for us to make circuits. The circuit is also very easy to do, and the efficiency is much higher. But is this kind of copper clad laminate not easy to make? Yang Chang said.

"That's why Li Yunhe came over." Zhang Zhimu looked at Li Yunhe and said.

Li Yunhe knew that he could only arrange someone to do this, "I think this needs to make a machine." Not only does this machine have to be pressurized, but it also needs to be able to heat up. In this way, the paper and copper foil can be pressed into a board. It is necessary to make not only a machine for pressing plates, but also a machine for making copper foil. In this way, copper clad laminates can be produced. ”

Yang Chang hurriedly said: "The sooner this matter is, the better." With CCL, many of our products can be produced in this way. But Mr. Zhang, how do you say that the wiring on both sides of the double panel is connected? ”

"You can rivet both sides with copper or silver or tin after you have drilled boreholes on both sides, and that will not be the case. There is also the thickness of the copper clad laminate and the thickness of the copper clad laminate, you can all determine according to your needs. Zhang Zhimu replied.

"In this way, not only has the way we worked changed. The quality of our products will also be greatly improved. Yang Chang said.

"If you're going to do mass production, you can make a stencil and print the copper clad laminate with paraffin or paint. No need to draw one picture after another. Hand drawing is used to make a small amount of experimental boards. Zhang Zhimu said: "Let you come today, there is one more thing." Last time I saw the inductance coil of your receiver, the skeleton is made of cardboard, and the coil is wrapped around a lot, which takes up a lot of space. I'm going to tell you that you're also going to be involved in the development of a magnet. With this magnet material to make a magnetic rod, you don't have to wrap the coil so much. Because the magnet increases the magnetic flux. You can also use this magnet to make a small heart, which is made of an adjustable inductor by wrapping a coil around the outside of this small core. By adjusting the position of the core inside the coil, the inductance can be adjusted. We'll use a lot of this in the future where we need to adjust the inductance. ”

Yang Chang asked: "Mr. Zhang, can you tell me how to make magnets?" ”

"That's right. The ferrite we generally use is made of iron trioxide, manganese oxide, zinc oxide powder, humidified and mixed according to a ratio of about 5:3:1, burned in the kiln for a period of time, and then ground into powder, pressed into the desired shape by machine. Then go back to the kiln and calcin, and then slowly cool down. You can make magnets. Such magnet materials can also be used in transformers. However, if the material is to be used well, you need to go through many tests to get the temperature of the kiln right. Zhang Zhimu said.

Li Yunhe said on the side: "In this matter, I still need Qingfengzi's help." But we have all of them. I don't think it's going to be bad. ”

Zhang Zhimu said to Yang Chang again: "There is one more thing I want to tell you. The senior leaders of our kiln gang attach great importance to your establishment of radio, in addition to asking you to continue to keep it secret. We will make a decision at the meeting of the kiln cadres. It is necessary to set up a medium-wave radio station in Yaogang. That is, to build a high-power radio transmitter in Yaogang, and then produce a large number of radio receivers. Whether it's the sound of speech coming from our transmitter or the sound of singing music, the receiver can hear it. For example, if Xiao Hongyu performs "Tang Guifei" again in the future, we can use the radio to transmit the live sound. Then all the places where there are radios can be heard. What do you think about this task? ”

Yang Chang said: "This is a great thing. We won't have much of a problem technically. To increase the transmit power, we can add a few tubes to the transmitter. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Actually, things are not as simple as you think. When we experimented, we didn't consider the emission efficiency and transmission power of the transmitter. In particular, our transmitting antennas have not been seriously considered. When the antenna transmits the highest efficiency, the height of the antenna should be the same as the electromagnetic wavelength emitted, followed by half of the wavelength, followed by one of the four flights of the wavelength and one-eighth of the wavelength. You see, if we choose a wavelength of 100 meters, we would better build a 100-meter-high tower, and again 50 meters high, and 25 meters high. If you want to think about the transmission of electromagnetic waves without being blocked, you should also avoid obstacles. So it's better for our transmitter antenna to be set up in the mountains. In addition, the antenna needs to be buried in the ground network to reduce ground current loss and interference. In particular, it is necessary to prevent lightning strikes and install lightning protection devices. These are all things that you haven't encountered before, so there is still a lot of work to be done to use a laboratory product in practice.

After listening to Zhang Zhimu's words, Yang Chang said: "Mr. Zhang, I think we will build a 100-watt transmitter first, and after the transmitter is finished, please guide us on how to build a radio station." I think if we have the experience of one, we will build a second one ourselves. ”

Zhang Zhimu believed Yangchang's words, because Yangchang and they were all extremely smart people. Compared with them, I have mastered advanced knowledge. In terms of IQ, maybe it's not as good as others. Even from the time they started to touch the tubes, there wasn't much time in total. However, their understanding of electron tubes, in some places, Zhang Zhimu felt that it was not as clear as theirs.

Zhang Zhimu said: "Okay, let's do this first radio station together." But your medium-wave radio needs to look good, and you need to be able to receive a few stations, and we won't just build a radio station. There will be many more stations in the future. At the very least, each state capital should have its own radio station. ”

While they were talking, Yang Yulin pushed the door in and said, "Excuse me, Uncle Chen called and said that Li Mao is in the command center, if you finish talking, please come over." ”

Zhang Zhimu saw that what he needed to say today was almost done, and he was worried about Li Mao's affairs, so he said to Li Yunhe and Yangchang: "I think we will come here first." We'll talk about it. If you need to do something together, you can do it yourself. ”

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Five-line scores, oscillating circuits, caesarean sections. Guo Shoujing made alloy cannons, and Guan Hanqing created "Journey to the West". --Progress of "Memories of the Southern Song Dynasty".