Chapter 858: Farms
In the area of large-scale corn planting, Dingjun has made preparations in advance, planned various feed factories and farms, and made sufficient preparations, and the explosion of production capacity will be after the corn harvest.
This has always been the tradition of the entire Ding Navy, in the previous design, has been fully prepared, considering how many feed mills, can digest these straws, and even to a certain extent, there is some margin, that is, even in the end, the feed mill will be idle for half a year, it is acceptable, after all, this is the first batch.
With such a state of mind and such comprehensive preparations, the moment the corn is harvested, it is the time when the feed mill is busy.
More than 2 million acres, said a lot, really not much, according to a square kilometer of 1500 acres, the total is only 1300 square kilometers of the size, if concentrated together, that is, the size of a larger city.
In fact, in order to strengthen management and ensure efficiency, this is located in a small plain not far from Shenyang, which is relatively far away from the industrial area, and the water and grass are abundant.
A total of 2,500 square kilometers of land, in the core area, set up corn farmland, calculated, is only more than 50 kilometers of square square.
The transportation conditions themselves are good, and a number of inter-section roads have been built, that is, with the help of horse-drawn carts, the harvested straw can be quickly transported to the feed factory.
According to a feed mill radiation of 120,000 acres, only 80 square kilometers, as long as the feed mill is properly distributed, the farthest place, away from the feed mill, will not exceed 10 kilometers, which is greatly convenient for transportation.
The combined cost of transportation and transportation in local transportation and transportation is almost negligible, and the yield of corn stover in the field almost reduces the price of feed to a minimum.
Corn straw is an important raw material for the production of feed, when planting in the experimental field, the research work began, to be honest, it is very simple, if it is a green reserve, it is even simpler, directly in accordance with the previous green storage method to the green storage on it.
However, in Dingjun's research, several different methods have been summarized, for example, the most commonly used in the construction of feed mills is ammonia and saccharification.
The former is chemistry, the latter is microorganisms, both obtained through research, through ammonia, part of the materials in the corn straw are converted into ammonium salts to enhance their nutritional value, and the saccharification of the latter is similar, which is considered a multiplication method.
At the same time, if it is only corn stalk, it is roughage, which is the most important and stable in animal husbandry, but if you do not add concentrate to make some adjustments, it will cause some diseases, and the growth rate of meat quality often does not meet expectations.
What is food, to put it bluntly, is to increase various trace elements, amino acids, proteins and the like, which has reached a certain balance, and then promotes the growth of livestock.
Dinghai has no basis in terms of feed, and Zhao Xin doesn't know, but Zhao Xin knows that nutritional balance, generally speaking, if you want to grow meat, freshwater compounds are necessary, no carbohydrates, you can't form fat, and improve the total amount of meat, but it is purely carbohydrates, which can't grow comprehensively, and there must be a certain amount of protein, so as to ensure the health of livestock, and the amount of meat is also large.
At the same time, if you want to increase the production of some specific things, for example, eggs, milk and other things to improve physical fitness, very good things, the addition of protein, is also essential, without this, the production of eggs and milk will not be high at all.
Zhao Xin knows that the traditional methods are mainly soybean flour, soybean cakes, or some plants of legume plants, legumes, which naturally have rhizobia, which can artificially fix nitrogen and increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and protein.
Soybean China has long been planted, in the Dinghai large-scale development of food crops at the same time, soybean as an important cash crop, is an important source of vegetable oil, has been, is large-scale planting, especially in the northeast, planting soybeans have unique conditions, in the Dinghai Navy occupies the land of Liao and the land in the north, the planting range is very broad, almost occupies one tenth of all the land in the northeast.
These harvested soybeans, in addition to making tofu, sprouts, and oil extraction, produce soybean cakes that are often fed to horses as feed.
Bean cake can help horses, so as not to let horses lose fat, in feudal society, horses are important tools of war under the premise, often before the war, to cultivate enough, increase fat, but in the war, or large-scale transfer and warfare, horses are to be consumed, under continuous consumption, only a large amount of protein supplementation can.
This kind of utilization is one of the simplest uses, before the most is crushed, mixed with hay powder, combined, now, can be used on the feed, they are mixed with corn stalks knots for fermentation, the effect is better.
At the same time, a large number of fish and algae caught from the deep sea, not every one can be eaten by humans, among the thousands of algae that have been discovered, only a small part can be used by humans, although most of the fish can be eaten, but a small part of the taste is not very good, under the premise of having a better choice, they are processed to make fishmeal and supplement protein to the feed, which is also a good choice.
Bean cake, bean roots and plants, as well as fishmeal composed of fish, and some other materials, which together form the main material of feed, which, if it is roughage, almost more than 9 percent, is a corn plant, if it is concentrate feed, the number of plants will be greatly reduced, reduced to 4 percent, or even below, and then add some high-protein, high-nutrition things, in order to achieve the purpose of nutrition.
The establishment of a large number of feed mills, the steam engine has begun to roar near the farm, which belongs to the power of machinery, a large number of vehicles, the feed mill that continuously feeds the plants, fresh corn plants, easy to rot and deteriorate, must be treated, most of them are dried to remove the water, and then refrigerated and preserved, a small part is directly intact, and there are some green storage.
At the same time as the construction of the feed factory, the green storage feed was also carried out at the same time, which was easier than the feed factory, even the northwest, the Northern Song Dynasty, which had no foundation at that time, could be in the help of the personnel sent by the Dinghai Navy, to complete the green storage feed, large-scale breeding, not to mention the Dinghai, the technicians in the farm, you can carry out, not to mention the special construction of the factory.
Basically, it is some plants, more suitable for green storage, at the same time, there are a large number of machinery and equipment, can save the physical strength of workers, after all, green storage feed, and can not reduce the weight of straw on a large scale, the whole processing number is very large, the same, labor consumption is also huge.
Green storage feed, this is a very familiar thing, as long as there is a certain standard plant, as well as construction methods, it can be carried out in accordance with this, the key to the whole construction, is the animal husbandry center under the feed factory.
In the Dinghai, from the beginning of the establishment of the Dinghai, began to promote animal husbandry, but this speed is not very fast, after all, in some places, even people can't eat, let alone let the animals eat, that is, the northwest to take, and after the Liao State occupied, it has achieved strong development, but in the large-scale breeding, there is not much investment.
This is mainly the problem of feed, large-scale centralized farming, not only requires a certain breeding method, a certain ability to prevent and control diseases, but also a huge amount of food.
With grain, is the simplest, but the most undesirable, perhaps ornamental, or some breeding value is higher, you can use grain, but ordinary captive breeding, is not able to use grain, if you use grain, conversion ratio, the price of meat, will be unbearable.
Even if the Dinghai Navy has huge food security, it is impossible to use such a method, just try a little and accumulate experience, that is, under the premise that there will be a lot of feed in the future under the premise of large-scale corn planting.
In terms of breeding, in the past era, cattle, horses and sheep were the mainstay, and in the vast prairie, it was a natural breeding area, and among them, except for cattle, others were not suitable for captive breeding.
Cattle breeding, in the Northern Song Dynasty, in the Liao State, there are some cattle breeds, but the main purpose of Dinghai Navy breeding them is to produce milk, meat is secondary, although beef is good, but the cattle breed is not good, not good raising, but there will be problems.
In later generations, the largest number of breeding, but also the most common, one is pigs, one is chickens, the former is omnivorous, eat everything, as long as the feed is produced, they can quickly fatten, there is no technical content, the latter is divided into two kinds, broilers and laying hens, the former is meat-based, the latter is egg-based.
Dinghai Navy on these two, is equally important, in the green storage base as the core of the farm, respectively, under the jurisdiction of 10 breeding base groups, a breeding base group is 800 pigs pig base, 100,000 chickens broiler and laying hens base.
Take the pig base as an example, with the application of feed, the use of concentrate feed and roughage respectively, the slaughter time of pigs has been greatly reduced, ordinary farmers feeding, it may take more than a year, or even two years, a year of slaughter, the volume of pigs is not very large, but under the premise of centralized captivity, with the help of feed feeding, the time of slaughter can be controlled in about 7 to 8 months.
Broilers are even more terrible, can reach 2 months out of the slaughter, at the same time the weight is far greater than the rural free-range chickens, as for eggs, because China temporarily, there is no kind of posterity, strong laying hens, most of China's chickens are not very high egg production rate, even if there is a special cooperation, but only to ensure one a day, the size of the egg, the original is not as big as the red shell eggs of later generations, but this is already a huge improvement.
800 pigs, an average of 300 catties, 7 months to slaughter a batch, an average of about 32,000 catties per month, a year, close to 200 tons, this number is very considerable. The number of broilers is a little larger, about 100,000 catties per month, 600 tons a year.
At present, there are 16 feed factories and 160 animal husbandry factories in Qingchu on 2 million acres of land, which means that every year, about 320,000 tons of pork, nearly 960,000 tons of chicken, and hundreds of millions of eggs will be produced.
Of course, the amount of feed is enough to run these farms at full capacity, because such a huge number of breeding, the demand for feed is huge, but the feed output is also very huge, 2 million acres of land, if all the corn bellflower is used, can be made into feed about 8 million tons.
Because more than half of them are roughage, the conversion ratio of roughage is not high, probably above 10, and the conversion rate of concentrate is below 3, so that the average is 5.
That is to say, 8 million tons of feed, can actually produce 1.6 million tons of meat, not the current production limit, the two combined, only 1.28 million tons, there are some differences, but counting the error, or basically, acceptable.
In terms of the output of the current animal husbandry base, if calculated according to the annual intake of 40 catties of meat per person, the entire breeding base can supply 64 million people, which is almost the vast majority of the population of the current Dinghai Navy.
Perhaps, in the future, with the further extensive planting of corn, with the emergence of a large number of these breeding factories, the per capita meat intake will increase to a certain extent, but even if it is similar to later generations, the per capita is basically about 60-80, in the future, there is no need to popularize the feed factory to every piece of land, even if it is a certain part of the popularization, it can also support the protein and meat intake of the people of the Dinghai Navy.
Of course, meat is only one aspect, the key lies in the intake of milk and eggs, dairy cows, raised on the savannah, supplemented by a little concentrate at most, eggs, in these green fodder farms are enough.
At present, 2 million acres of land, the daily production of eggs is an astronomical amount, in addition to supplying the entire Dinghai Navy, it can also be used as a certain raw material.
In the year of the corn harvest, the biggest change in the navy is still in the meat, although before, because of the large-scale fishing in the ocean, given the navy enough meat, but unless there is no way to choose, when there is a choice between meat and no meat, the people of the navy will choose fish, otherwise, most of the people are not suitable for eating fish, and it is okay to occasionally fight tooth sacrifices, but it is not good to eat often.
The emergence of pork and chicken, can be regarded as filling the gap of the Dinghai, the previous pork and muscle, although in the meat, is considered low, but also much higher than fish, is considered a relatively high-end meat, but with the spread of farms, even if the corn has not been completely popularized, all over the Dinghai, but the price of pork and muscle began to decrease significantly, becoming the most important supplement to the Dinghai in the non-staple food.