Volume XVII Chapter 26 Cabinet Responsibility
"Da Ming Chongzheng Law" has just finished reading the first paragraph, the civil and military officials in front of the imperial palace have been stunned, the emperor actually formulated a code of law to stipulate his specific powers, but also stipulate the obligations he has to bear, this is a bit too exaggerated, who can control the emperor, what can he do if he does not obey you!
There are rights and obligations, this is normal for Zhu Cijiong who came through, and the purpose of setting these rules is to fear that some of his children and grandchildren will be lawless, mess around, and collapse a good Ming Empire.
As for who can manage the emperor, it is naturally the emperor and his son.
Next, the second paragraph is about the heir to the throne.
The first article of this paragraph shocked the civil and military officials below, because this article stipulates that the heir to the throne is selected by the emperor, and there is no such thing as establishing a long man or a virtuous person!
The problem of the heir to the throne is to toss the Ming Dynasty miserably, the original Emperor Wanli of Shenzong fell out with the ministers because of this, I don't know how many court members were dismissed, and the first assistant alone did four, and the court tossed a mess, and in the end he even used negative slackness to express his dissatisfaction, so that the Ming Dynasty was declining, and it can be said that the demise of the Chongzhen Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty began with the national dispute.
The meaning of Zhu Cijiong's rule is that in the future, there is nothing to fight about, and the emperor wants to set up who is the emperor's business, and others should not have nothing to do.
Of course, it doesn't mean that he thinks that Fuwang Zhu Changxun is stronger than Guangzong Zhu Changluo, in the case of little difference in intelligence, a person's ability mainly depends on nurture.
Next, he stipulated the cultivation of the heir to the throne, which probably means that the emperor must conduct a specified number of assessments on his heir to the throne, and if the assessment fails, not only the Zhan Shifu will be punished, but even the heir to the throne will be punished.
As for the specific punishment rules, "Da Ming Chongzheng Law" is not detailed, he will later set a detailed rules for the cultivation of heirs, detailing the training methods and assessment methods of the heirs to the throne, and even, he will also stipulate that if the assessment finds that the heir to the throne is really a dou who can't support the wall, then it will be abolished and re-established!
There is only so much he can think about for future generations, if there are such detailed regulations, and there are still people among his descendants who insist on putting a rice bucket on the throne, then he has no choice, he can only guarantee that he will not make this kind of mistake, at least from the current point of view, the eldest prince Zhu Hetou is still very smart, and he is also confident that he will train his son to be a qualified emperor.
There are so many rules about the emperor in "Da Ming Chongzheng Law", and the purpose of his establishment of these rules is mainly to avoid the appearance of faint monarchs among his descendants, after all, there are still many examples of a dynasty dying because of faint monarchs, and everyone has to talk about rules, not that when you become an emperor, you can be lawless and do whatever you want, so sooner or later it will be over.
This is also the foundation of the constitutional monarchy, it is better to set rules for yourself and implement them by example than for others to set rules for yourself and force yourself to implement them.
After stipulating the rights and duties of the emperor, the next step is the rights and obligations of the common people.
Do ordinary people still have rights? This was another thunderbolt, which directly shocked the civil and military officials below.
Of course, the common people must have rights, and if they subconsciously treat the common people as slaves to enslave, then the dynasty will almost be finished.
The so-called officials forced the people to rebel, the people had to rebel, the oppression and enslavement were ruthless, they would naturally rebel, Zhu Cijiong stipulated the rights of the common people in the "Ming Chongzheng Law" is afraid that someone would enslave the civilians and force them to rebel.
For example, ordinary people have personal freedom, and no one can restrain their personal freedom as long as they have not committed any crimes; Another example is that the common people have the right to protect their property, and no one can forcibly seize the property of the common people, and so on.
As for the obligations of the common people, Zhu Cijiong is selfish here, because the first obligation of the common people he stipulates is that all the subjects of the Ming Empire have the obligation to protect the emperor and maintain the imperial power. Then there are other obligations, such as all the people of the Ming Empire have the obligation to defend the Ming Dynasty, and all the people of the Ming Empire have the obligation to pay taxes according to the law, etc.
The powers and duties of the emperor and the rights and duties of the common people were stipulated, and the next step was the administrative system.
Zhu Cijiong released another thunderbolt here, because he basically delegated the administrative power, and from now on, it will no longer be the emperor who will grasp it, but the cabinet responsibility system!
Roughly speaking, in the future, the emperor will only be in charge of important affairs, and all specific affairs will be in charge of the cabinet.
For example, in the future, the emperor of the early dynasty only dealt with state affairs within the prescribed scope, and all other affairs were submitted to the cabinet in the form of official documents.
For another example, in the future, the appointment and dismissal of officials, the emperor will only directly appoint and dismiss the cabinet scholars and the scholars of various ministries, and other officials of the first to fifth grades will be submitted to the emperor for approval by the cabinet, and officials below the fifth grade will be drafted by the ministry and submitted to the emperor for approval.
In other words, in the future, the administrative center of the Ming Dynasty will no longer be the emperor's imperial study, but the cabinet!
Zhu Cijiong also adjusted the structure of the cabinet, stipulating that the new cabinet would be composed of a prime minister, two vice prime ministers, and secretaries of various ministries, all of whom would be of the same grade, and he also stipulated the term of office of cabinet members, and the term of office of each cabinet member should be 10 years, and the maximum term of office would be two consecutive terms.
As for the local administrative system, he did not make much adjustments this time, but according to the original system, it was managed by the secretaries of the political envoys, prefectures, prefectures, and counties.
In this way, the delegation of power will be greater, and he will be equivalent to delegating most of the administrative power and personnel power to the cabinet, which is a matter of convenience, but how can he ensure the control of the entire Ming Dynasty?
First of all, of course, it is necessary to rely on the system, and he will slowly establish and improve the responsibility system at all levels, that is to say, in the future, all officials will have power-related duties, and if they exercise power but fail to do their own things well, they will be punished, and they will be dismissed from their posts at the least, and sentenced to prison at the worst.
The Metropolitan Procuratorate was originally a supervisory body independent of the administrative system, and he also specially incorporated the various sections into the Metropolitan Procuratorate, and expanded the number of supervision of the imperial history, increasing the power of the Metropolitan Procuratorate, and in the future, officials below the fifth level, the Metropolitan Procuratorate can directly investigate and deal with them, and if officials above the fifth level commit crimes, the Metropolitan Procuratorate has the right to report directly to the emperor, and after the emperor sends Jinyiwei and Dongchang to verify, they can also be authorized to investigate.
At the end, the "Ming Chongzheng Law" also stipulates the rules for amendment, and in principle, once the "Ming Chongzheng Law" is implemented, it cannot be amended, unless the emperor of the Ming Empire and all cabinet members agree that certain provisions must be amended before they can be amended.
After the official of Honglu Temple read it out, Zhu Cijiong immediately announced that from next year, that is, the sixteenth year of Chongzheng, the "Ming Chongzheng Law" will be fully implemented!