The newly dug canal, at a depth of 11 meters, during the First World War, made it possible to enter and exit the super-battleships, that is, giant ships with a displacement of more than 20,000 tons, which were the main warships of the 20th century, which were truly scientific and nautical crystallization.

In the future, whether the Northern Song Dynasty can build such a monster of more than 20,000 tons, Zhao Xin does not know for the time being, but if the power system is solved, it will not be a problem.

The level of technology required for steam engines and internal combustion engines is quite high, and the basic principles have long been out, but it will take hundreds of years of history to mature operation.

Zhao Xin is not an expert in engineering, and he does not understand all the steps of making this thing, but he understands the basic theory, the theory of the steam engine, which starts from boiling water and steam breaking the lid of the kettle.

Water is heated to steam, which is converted from liquid water to water vapor, which is operated by a steam engine propelled by water vapor.

The basic principle is not difficult, the key is how to use the steam to maximize the effect, compared with the 18th century, the Northern Song Dynasty may not be as good as the 18th century Britain in some science and technology, but the Northern Song Dynasty has now gone through the most critical step, that is, materials.

Internal combustion engines and steam engines need materials that are resistant to high temperature, high pressure, and corrosion.

In the face of high temperature, high humidity and corrosive materials, this is very demanding for iron, either unique formulas, or a variety of coatings, not to mention the 11th century, even for the late 19th century, early 20th century world, it is a very difficult problem to solve, either can not make a larger energy steam engine, or, more bulky, not too cost-effective.

The study of materials is not achieved overnight, in the context of the country, the strength of the whole country is concentrated, so that in a long time, gradually make breakthroughs, sometimes, because a material is not up to standard, battleship guns, and armor, are greatly discounted.

In Dingjun, all this is not a problem, the huge investment in material research has been replaced by random acquisition of Dingjun, and similarly, about materials science, Dinghai is still researching, and constantly innovating.

Unlike other disciplines, it can only be carried out under certain scientific and technological foundations, and the more advanced the theory, the more it must rely on the support of natural science and other aspects.

After World War II, microelectronics was no longer just about materials, but also about radio and many aspects of basic theory, but when it came to materials, it was different.

A material in the 21st century, if it can be refined and manufactured by manual methods, in the Northern Song Dynasty in the 11th century, there is the possibility of manufacturing, and the navy currently has a large steelmaking blast furnace, so that the materials that can be produced are more extensive.

The materials are different, the specific method of formulation, quenching and some later special treatments, these are all parts of a system, even if there is no research as a support, if you get all the details of a certain formula, there is a great possibility of reproduction.

The card system can describe the material, which is equivalent to the various characteristics of the material and additives, are unmistakably placed in front of everyone, and what the researcher wants to do is to find the objective law from the countless results.

This research process, from the side, has increased the development of materials, perhaps speaking, many materials and formulas are only laboratory specifications, but with the help of the card system, small batch production, there is no problem.

It is precisely because of this that the degree of laboratory research is much higher than reality, and among some high-precision materials, Dinghai has entered the fifth and sixth generations, and the materials in mass production may still be one or two generations.

Such a difference will exist for a long time, but it will not delay the navy to make great progress in materials, and a certain type of material can even reach the advanced level of the 20th century, or even the end of the 20th century.

In the middle, there are many materials that are resistant to high temperature, high pressure and corrosion, and they are used to build steam engines and internal combustion engines, and there are no problems in materials.

Materials, is an important problem that plagues a certain kind of machinery, the material is not good, no matter how exquisite the design, can not fully play a role, but if the material is enough, when the design and technology are insufficient, there is no problem, as long as the technology progresses to a certain level, it is inevitable to obtain the corresponding machinery with this level.

For steam engines and internal combustion engines, Zhao Xin never doubted that they could be manufactured, and in Dinghai, the original steam engine had been made, but the effect was not good, the reason was very simple, it was the same as before Watt's improvement, and the seal was not up to par.

Materials are the strength of the navy, but this strength is simply in the steel, from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period into the Iron Age, China's steel, with a thousand years of development, in the millennium, countless blacksmiths, almost all the methods that can be thought of have been thought of, plus meteorites, these come from the stars in the sky, after the atmosphere heated by the extraterrestrial visitors, the formula is even more strange.

Some, even the technology of later generations, cannot be reproduced, but once it has been scanned by the card system, it can be produced on a small scale in the card system.

The blacksmiths of the world gathered in the Daimyo Mansion have obtained many formulas, even secret recipes, plus Niu Dali, a genius researcher, who has turned Zhao Xin's theories about the 21st century into reality and brought forth the new.

In the 21st century, the materials are complex, but they are generally divided into metal materials and non-metallic materials, especially after the 21st century, with the progress of various fields, the development is more vigorous, is the non-metallic materials, especially the polymer composite materials based on plastics.

The field of petrochemical and polymer compounding is a completely new field, and unlike steel, most of the substances cannot be found in nature, and the relative quantity is small.

Dingjun also conducted research in this area, at least the basic cracking in the petrochemical field has been completed, and various fossil energy sources based on gasoline and diesel have also begun to appear, and some basic petrochemical materials are gradually being classified, but there is no way to go further.

Dinghai could build the main body of the steam engine through excellent steel, and through a basic theory given by Zhao Xin, a relatively good steam engine was made, but the traditional materials could not be sealed.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were also some sealing materials, such as lacquer and tung oil, but none of these things were resistant to high temperatures.

The steam engine is heated by heating the water to the steam, and the transmission is pushed by the steam, which does not stop, but the steam is quite hot, and the temperature of the liquid water is between 0 and 100 degrees, which is the limit, and the kettle for boiling water can even be constructed with extremely light and thin iron sheets, or even aluminum, because as long as the water in the pot does not burn out, basically, the temperature of the pot is fixed below 100 degrees.

Liquid water, the limit temperature is 100 degrees, but the steam is different, the steam at high temperature and high pressure can even reach hundreds of degrees, thousands of degrees, which is not for tung oil, for lacquer, then there is no way.

Only those that can withstand high temperature and high pressure can seal items, this item, Zhao Xin also knows what it is, something that is available in nature, and rubber is a very important cash crop in later generations.

It's a pity that I know it, but I can't help it, the rubber tree is native to the Americas, and like high-yield crops, it is a tree species that can only be obtained to a certain extent in the Age of Sail, and there is no way to get it for the time being.

In the 21st century consultation, Zhao Xin learned that not only rubber trees, but also fig trees, which were introduced to China from the Han Dynasty and planted in most parts of China, can also produce rubber.

Unfortunately, compared with the natural rubber tree, the white emulsion of the fig tree only contains the components of rubber, Zhao Xin has begun to collect a large number of fig trees, but it is still very difficult to extract rubber from the middle, and countless experiments have not produced a mature product.

The card system, although it can copy items, cannot distinguish all the parts of a complete compound, otherwise, the previous lighting cards will not be so difficult, a simple organism, their many elements and compounds are thousands of people.

In the branches and leaves of figs, it can be clearly detected that it contains all the things, but except for a small part, which can be removed by chemical combination, the rest, there is no way, with the strength of the current Dinghai, the solution containing the highest proportion of rubber, there is no way to make rubber, only to wait for further progress in chemistry, for further research on purification.

It is still good to have natural rubber, but at the other end of the distant Pacific Ocean, no rubber has been found, no synthetic rubber made by petrochemical, and the sealing problem of the steam engine is a huge problem, and any work to improve the performance of the steam engine is useless without solving the sealing.

For Dingjun, materials are the easiest to solve, because the card system can copy a large number of materials, as long as they are materials in the real world, they can be made through the card system.

But for the products that Zhao Xin didn't see, there was no way, maybe they could be extracted and synthesized, and they could use the ethereal proportions to seek such a glimmer of hope, and then they could only be collected.

Later generations of internal combustion engines, large-scale use of new materials, but the use rate of rubber is still not low, as well as polymer composite materials, which are represented by a large category of plastics, in fact, are many things.

With the help of the research of petroleum and the collection of some natural materials, Dingjun has some materials similar to plastics, but unfortunately these materials cannot be used in steam engines at all.

Under the premise of no natural rubber, it can only be silently accumulated technology, even if it is a steam engine that is ventilated in four places, Zhao Xin will also let researchers consider the situation after sealing, this kind of speculation, can not solve the problem, can promote the progress of research.

At present, the research on the steam engine has been expanded by at least 10 times compared with the beginning, and it can be said unceremoniously that once the sealing material is produced, the mature steam engine will definitely be able to be produced, and I don't know how much it will be improved compared to the original steam engine, but unfortunately it is stuck in this link.

At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the ironclad battleship, his core lies in the power facilities, once the power facilities are completed, the others, there are also some scientific and technological content, under the premise that the big problem of materials has been solved for you, it is only a matter of time before it is manufactured.

Based on the current estimate of the naval steam engine, the current power can at least reach more than 1150 horsepower, which is not an estimate, but an actual measurement.

Dingjun now, there is no way to get out the rubber, but a short time of sealing, it is still possible, although this effective time is less than 5 minutes, but you can basically get a rough number.

150 horsepower, compared to Watt's improved steam engine, a lot of improvement, but he can only be used as an ordinary power, but not a marine steam engine, at least a few hundred horsepower, it is possible.

Whether it is a large ship, or the future of the industry's vital power, are stuck in the sealing problem of this steam engine, five minutes of sealing, this seal, only the role of the laboratory, and does not have a real practical role, even if it is no matter how simple the demand, at least to be able to work for a few days in a row, otherwise, a comprehensive transformation, a failure once a day or two, the loss caused by this failure is unacceptable.

Even in the laboratory, according to the classic shape of the steam engine, the steam engine was copied, and the principle of many parts of the steam engine was understood, but a sealing problem became the biggest problem that plagued the Dinghai Navy.

It is impossible to get power in advance, power for the change of industrial society, it can be said to be historical, a steam engine, changed Britain, so that Britain has an industrial revolution, and stands at the top of the world.

The Dinghai Navy of the 11th century, now has all the foundations for development, but it has no motivation, or even gaining momentum, only the last step away, can only wait, can only slowly accumulate strength.

Fortunately, everything is still early, the Northern Song Dynasty has no opponent in industry and the ocean, the only opponent is himself, there is Zhao Xin to grasp the development direction of the navy, step by step to lay a solid foundation, in the future, when the power is solved, industrial production explodes, so as not to be caught off guard, waste time, and now what we have to do is to build this canal well.