Chapter 162: Printing Banknotes

On Zhang Zhimu's way back to his office, Chen Yufeng and Ouyang He also followed. Ouyang He said: "I just have something I want to talk to Mr. Zhang. Zhang Zhimu said, "Okay, let's go to my office together." ”

The group came to Zhang Zhimu's office, and Chen Yufeng saw Xiaohu here and asked, "Why didn't Xiaohu go to school?" ”

Xiaohu said: "Grandpa Chen, don't care about me at all." I'm not old yet, and people won't let me go. Mom said she would send me to school next year. ”

Zhang Zhimu quipped: "When you go to school, you can't play around like this." Then he touched Xiaohu's head and asked, "Were you scared just now?" ”

Xiaohu said: "Don't be afraid. We have muskets. ”

Let Xiaohu play outside, Zhang Zhimu, Chen Yufeng, and Ouyang He entered the inner room.

A few people sat down, and Ouyang He said: "A while ago, I was busy with the affairs of the team, and I didn't think much about the construction of the kiln. So I didn't say anything about it at the last meeting. However, after discussing with General Manager Chen, the construction of the kiln is inseparable from the military. For quite some time, this has been our foundation. Therefore, in construction, we should also take into account the issue of military defense. Mr. Zhang's circle building plan is very good, but it is only a partial defense. We have to consider what should be the overall situation, and I will discuss it with Mr. Chen. While the construction of the kiln gang had just begun, everything was started from scratch. We also inspected the surroundings of the kiln. I think Yaogang is very suitable for building a gossip city. Such a city can be accessible in all directions. Offensive and defensible. ”

Zhang Zhimu had heard of it in his previous life, there were Bagua City and Bagua Village. It is said that it is very magical, and the Bagua City in Xinjiang does not need traffic lights to avoid traffic jams.

Zhang Zhimu said: "Mr. Ouyang He, can you talk specifically about the construction method of Bagua City. ”

Ouyang He said: "If you want to say that Bagua City sounds mysterious, it is actually simple, and it has existed since ancient times. I think we will focus on the high post of Yaogang, that is, the yin and yang fish as gossip. According to the direction of the eight trigrams, at the same distance and at the same angle, eight main streets stretch out like rays, each main street is 360 zhang meters long, and every 100 zhang meters or so there is a ring road connecting the eight main streets, and there are four ring roads from the center to the outside, including 8 streets in the 1st Ring Road, 16 streets in the 2nd Ring Road, 32 streets in the 3rd Ring Road, and 64 streets in the 4th Ring Road. These streets form 64 hexagrams according to the direction of the eight trigrams, which fully reflects the mathematics of the I Ching of the 64 hexagrams and 360 trigrams. After such a city is built, the whole will be a gossip array, and there is no need to build a city wall. When the time comes, we'll either block or open the road where we need it, and any intruders will get lost. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "What about the rivers in the city? ”

Ouyang He said: "Just build a bridge where the road should be accessed. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Good way, the last time the city transportation is much more convenient. I think so, such a city is not built all at once, we plan the roads like this. As soon as the road is repaired, other buildings will be built along the road. ”

Chen Yufeng said: "Another advantage of this city is that it can continue to expand outward in this way. ”

Zhang Zhimu sighed and said: "There are many problems to be solved in building such a city, and the city's water supply depends entirely on the well in the kiln gang. We also need to build a larger reservoir behind Dongshan and pump water up from the Xiaoling River, so that not only domestic water will be solved, but also production water will be solved. Our domestic wastewater should be treated intensively and discharged into the river at a distance. Otherwise, if we stop the dam, the Xiaoling River will become a stinky ditch. ”

After Chen Yufeng and Ouyang He talked with Zhang Zhimu about the future city construction for a while, the two left. Before leaving, Ouyang He left a lesson plan for the officer training class.

Zhang Zhimu has been thinking in his heart that the future of urban management is a big problem, and we must cultivate a group of urban management talents through the construction of this city.

Seeing that the guests were gone, Xiaohu came in again and asked Zhang Zhimu: "Uncle, can you give me a piece of your iron absorbing stone?" ”

Zhang Zhimu was stunned for a moment, and went out to ask Yang Yulin: "What's the matter with the stone that Xiaohu said?" ”

Yang Yulin said: "It was sent by Lu Chengxiang just now, saying that it was the magnet you wanted." I saw you talking to Uncle Chen, so you didn't bother you. ”

Zhang Zhimu saw that Lu Chengxiang really got him a lot of magnets. Zhang Zhimu took out a small piece and said to Xiaohu: "You are a child, just play with the small one." The big adult is useful, and I can't give it to you. ”

Xiaohu happily ran out to play with a small piece of magnet.

Finally, I can calm down and think about power generation. Zhang Zhimu took the two magnets and brought them closer, and with a snap, the two magnets were sucked together. Zhang Zhimu used a little effort to separate the two magnets, which made Zhang Zhimu very satisfied, the magnetic force of the two magnets was still very strong.

Zhang Zhimu had already asked Li Yunhe to help pull out a bundle of copper wire with a diameter of one millimeter, and a few days ago Zhang Zhimu found an empty room and brushed the wire with tung oil. And it is tung oil that is brushed after sandpaper. Tung oil is a good insulating material, and the insulating paint in the previous life was processed with stearic acid, tung oil, soybean oil, etc. Now I have no choice but to use tung oil, but tung oil dries too slowly, even though tung oil is added to turpentine. It still has to be coiled in the room many times and left to dry for a few days.

Zhang Zhimu used a layer of copper wire coated with tung oil to wind it into a rectangular coil wire, and the two ends of the coil were connected to a ring made of copper sheets, and two copper wires were used as brushes to contact the two copper rings. Then a shelf and a hand-cranked rocker were made out of wood. Place two magnets on either side of the coil. This is a classic teaching aid for the principle of power generation in middle school physics class. However, the appearance of this thing in the Ming Dynasty is of great significance.

Zhang Zhimu has not been exposed to electricity for a long time, and he couldn't do without it all the time in his previous life, but now he has to use a simple device to experience it. I couldn't help but smile wryly when I thought of this.

To make this simple device, Zhang Zhimu was also busy intermittently for two days. I was finally able to try to see if there was electricity, but I just remembered that there was no meter. I can only try it with my hands.

Zhang Zhimu used the thumb and index finger of his left hand to pinch the two wires drawn from the two improvised generators, preventing them from touching each other, and used the thumb and index finger as conductors. The right hand starts to shake the handle from slow to fast. Slowly the fingers began to feel numb, and as the speed of the right hand gradually increased, the horse's feeling became bigger and bigger, and finally he couldn't bear it anymore and had to let go of his hand.

Zhang Zhimu felt the existence of electricity again, and he was in a good mood. Zhang Zhimu called Yang Yulin in and said to her, I will do an experiment and ask you to help.

Yang Yulin said: "I see that you are talking mysteriously, and what the hell are you doing." ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "You'll know in a while." You hold a thread in one hand with both hands. As he spoke, he handed the two threads drawn out of the generator to Yang Yulin, who took the threads and said, "Take it, this thing doesn't eat people." See what tricks you play. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Okay! He shook the handle vigorously, and when the speed was not the fastest, Yang Yulin threw away the thread in his hand with a 'ah' sound, and said, "It's too scary, this thing bites your hand." ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "This thing doesn't eat people. Yang Yulin knew that she had fallen for Zhang Zhimu. came to take revenge on Zhang Zhimu, and Zhang Zhimu hugged her over. In fact, if Yang Yulin wants to dodge, Zhang Zhimu can't get to the edge. Zhang Zhimu said: "I am so happy that this thing has succeeded today." Let me cuddle you for a moment to celebrate. Originally, Yang Yulin also let Zhang Zhimu hug him, but when he heard this, he broke away from Zhang Zhimu's arm, and he couldn't straighten up when he hid next to him and laughed. Pointing at Zhang Zhimu and said, "I haven't seen you like this, and I still have to hug a woman to celebrate." Your people are experimenting, so arrange a woman to help them celebrate. ”

Zhang Zhimu: "You don't need that row, just send you." Unexpectedly, this sentence made Yang Yulin's face change color.

Zhang Zhimu hurried over and said, "Just kidding, you see you are serious." You're really going to go, I'm not going to do it. ”

Yang Yulin's face was a little better. In this era, you must pay attention to proportions when joking with women, otherwise it will be difficult to clean up.

After doing this experiment, Zhang Zhimu thought that he would have to make an electricity meter, otherwise it would be troublesome to use his hands to detect electricity in the future.

Since there is no rectifier device now, the measurement of AC must become DC to work, remember the previous life when the teacher said, when there is no rectifier device, the rectifier is used to rectifier motor, with conductive slip ring commutation method, the AC into a full-phase current and then with inductance and capacitor smoothing. It seems that in order to measure electricity in the future, it is necessary to prepare measurement tools now.

Zhang Zhimu designed this special converter, which is both a small motor and a small generator. First, a horseshoe-shaped magnet is made with a piece of iron connected to each end of a magnet, and two coils perpendicular to each other are made, one of which is directly connected to the two power supply slip rings, and the other set of coils is connected to the slip ring after connecting a capacitor in series. This capacitor is made of two pieces of copper foil between the wax paper and then on the roll, as for the size of the capacity, it doesn't matter, because there is a capacitor energized coil to destroy the balance of the electric field, so that the energized coil can rotate up. This is actually a small AC motor, the rotor of this small motor drives another small coil, this small coil rotates between the poles of another magnet horseshoe magnet, and this rotating coil and the horseshoe form a small generator. The two output wires of this coil are connected to two reversing slip rings.

The principle of this reversing slip ring is like this, this small generator does not need to reversing the slip ring, the electricity generated is the AC of the positive Xuan wave, every 180 degrees of commutation, if the current commutation at the same time to exchange the joint of the two wires, then the output is the one-way full-wave rectification current. In order to complete the task of reversing, the two conductive slip rings are divided into two half-rings, half of which is followed by one output line and the other half is connected to the other output line; When the two slip rings are rotated, the brushes complete two reversal tasks for each revolution. In this way, the output of the small generator is the current after unidirectional full-wave rectification, and a capacitor is connected to the back to become DC. The magnitude of this DC is related to the speed of the small generator, while the speed of the motor is related to the magnitude of the input AC current.

In this way, as long as the size of the output DC is measured, the size of the input AC current can be measured.

The head of this meter is composed of four parts: a horseshoe, a pointer, a coil, and a hairspring.

This pointer is connected to a coil held in place by a shaft, and the shaft is connected to the frame by a hairspring. This coil is placed between the two poles of a horseshoe-shaped magnet. When the pointer is not energized, it is fixed in the initial position by the hairspring, and when it is energized, the coil generates a magnetic field and the magnetic field of the horseshoe to produce a force, so that the pointer overcomes the torque of the hairspring and produces a deviation angle. This will indicate the magnitude of the current. If you are measuring DC, you can skip the converter part and measure it directly.

It took Zhang Zhimu a few more days to complete this meter.

On this day, Zhang Zhimu was facing a few pieces of silicon steel, and when he was thinking about what kind of generator to make first, Lu Chengxiang and Huang Yukun came with a few people.

They also brought a few pieces of copper stencil with them. It turned out to be a printing template for kiln gang coins.

A while ago, Zhang Zhimu discussed with Lu Chengxiang and Huang Yukun and the result was that the face value of the kiln gang coin was first printed in the following denominations:

One hundred dollars, fifty dollars, twenty dollars, ten dollars, five dollars, two dollars, one yuan, five corners, two corners, one corner.

Their corresponding silver and copper coins are as follows:

One dime = 10 copper coins

Two jiao = 20 copper coins

Five jiao = 50 copper coins

One yuan = 100 copper coins

Two yuan = 200 copper coins

Five yuan = 500 copper coins

Ten yuan = 1000 copper coins = 1 tael of silver

Twenty yuan = 2 taels of silver

Fifty dollars = 5 taels of silver

One hundred yuan = 10 taels of silver

Each denomination of a coin is determined after much discussion. All face value coins are printed with the words issued by the Yaogang Trading Corporation on the middle and lower part of the obverse, and the corresponding convertible silver and copper coins are printed on the back, and it is indicated that they can be exchanged at any time and maintain their value unchanged.

Each banknote is overprinted in red, green, blue, and black on both sides, and is also individually numbered in blue-black. This would result in eight templates for each denomination. In order to ensure the accuracy of the color printing, the stencils are all made of copper stencils of the same size.

In order to ensure the quality of printing, Zhang Zhimu asked Lu Qi and others to stop the textile machines and start the printing press first. Because of the overprinting of several colors, it is not easy to maintain the quality if it is printed by hand. Considering the size of the Chengxintang paper brought back from Huizhou and the convenience of printing, it was decided to cut the paper into a width that is a little larger than the length of the banknote, the template is printed horizontally, and the hand-cranked printing machine only walks forward a fixed distance at a time, and the template is printed once under the line, so that the accuracy of the printing can be accurate every time the template is changed to other colors. The main thing is that for the last printing, a color printer is added. This printer was specially designed by two people. There are a total of five Arabic numerals, each position is a ten-digit wheel, each time the printing is pressed down once, starting from the single digit, it will rotate a position, add or decrease a number. Every time the low digit is ten to the bottom, it will be zero, and then the previous digit will be rotated by one position, that is, it will be advanced to one digit. This ensures that the number of each note is different. Later, we can also use these numbers to know which banknotes were printed and when.

After Zhang Zhimu saw this kind of printing press, he said that if the template is made into a cylinder in the future, the effect will be better by roller printing, because the contact area between the template and the banknote is small when printing, and it is not easy to stick when printing. And the paper feeding is also more convenient.

When Lu Qi and the others heard it, they felt that what Zhang Zhimu said was too right, and when they finished it, they realized that although their things could be used, there were still many inconveniences. Therefore, Lu Qi said that the next time he improves, he will do it according to the method that Mr. Zhang said.

After discussion between Huang Yukun, Zhang Zhimu and Lu Chengxiang, it was decided that the template of each banknote should be kept separately by Huang Yukun, Zhang Zhimu and Lu Chengxiang, and only when the three were present could the banknotes be printed to ensure the safety of the banknote issuance. Those involved in printing banknotes are selected through a rigorous examination. The place of printing was temporarily set in the underground vault of the kiln.

Today, Lu Chengxiang and the others brought over a template and a printed sample of a dime banknote.

Zhang Zhimu took the sample of the banknote, touched the roll with his hand, and felt very satisfied. According to the agreement, the lower the face value, the darker the color, and the higher the face value, the more vivid the color. This corner is a little more black. However, because the quality of the paper itself is very good, after ink printing, it is then leveled and ironed. The face of the ticket is flat, there is a rattling sound when you roll it by hand, and the pattern on the ticket is printed very clearly.

Zhang Zhimu said: "This thing will be our weapon more important than muskets in the future." I think that's all it takes, let's get all the other denominations out as soon as possible. ”

Lu Chengxiang said: "This thing is too difficult to get, and it took a lot of effort to make a denomination, but it would be good to have experience in the future." It can be faster. ”

Zhang Zhimu said to Huang Yukun: "In the evening, a special table will be arranged for the people who participate in this work, and each person will be treated with half a catty of wine, and Mr. Lu will accompany them." Zhang Zhimu knew that Lu Chengxiang liked to drink, but there were only two people in Yaogang who had nothing to drink, one was Chen Yufeng and the other was Yan Boju. Zhang Zhimu's arrangement also made Lu Chengxiang addicted to alcohol.

But after thinking about it again, it would be good to wait for next year, and after pouring out the house for Lu Chengxiang and their house, he could take his family over, and with Lu Chengxiang's income, it would be nothing to drink some wine.

In fact, Zhang Zhimu spent a lot of time developing these inks. It turned out that among the people who came back with Lu Qi, there were those who specialized in printing and dyeing and painting. Zhang Zhimu had long asked them to start experimenting with the development of various color inks from shellac, rosin and pigments instead of dyes, talcum powder, linseed oil thinners, etc. These people are also skilled craftsmen, coupled with the strong financial support of the kiln, what to buy, and finally the hard work pays off. When they showed Zhang Zhimu the printed materials that had not faded for a long time, Zhang Zhimu was also shocked. He didn't expect that these people would develop the ink so quickly. This time, the money was printed. However, this time Zhang Zhimu didn't let them use several pigments to match the intermediate color, because he didn't know if the different inks and together had any problems affecting the coloring.

So this time we took a conservative approach.

Lu Chengxiang, Huang Yukun and others were very happy when they saw that Zhang Zhimu was very satisfied with their work. With interest, Lu Chengxiang said: "I suggest that our banknotes be exchanged in and out of the kiln at will, and no handling fee will be charged. In the future, our banknotes can also be exchanged at other places with our ticket numbers, and at that time, they will be charged according to the water exchange. And it's a two-way charge. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "That person might as well just get a bill of exchange." ”

Lu Chengxiang said: "Mr. Zhang, I don't understand. Many people just took the banknotes and left, and others said they didn't know. But when they came to apply for money orders, they were afraid of being exposed. No one knows with banknotes, so it's easy to go. Besides, sometimes it's too embarrassing to do a bill of exchange if you have little silver, but it's really inconvenient to carry silver, so it's better to bring paper money. Moreover, paper money can not only be carried from the kiln to various places in the future, but also can be circulated between places. ”

Zhang Zhimu and Lu Chengxiang and others were talking with great interest, and Li Jing sent someone to deliver the letter. It turned out that the old owner of Yuncheng Qiu sent someone to deliver a letter, and he was going to visit Yaogang tomorrow and wanted to meet Zhang Zhimu.

Lu Chengxiang said: "Mr. Zhang, you have to pay attention to the matter of the Salt Gang." Fighting for a peaceful settlement, those people are very difficult to deal with, and other businessmen are generally reluctant to mess with them. They are said to have numbered tens of thousands. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Li Zicheng plundered Shanxi several times, but I didn't see any performance from them." Are they some people who bully the weak and are afraid of the hard? ”

Huang Yukun said: "I also think that harmony is precious. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Don't worry, I know what to do with them. Not only am I optimistic about them, but I am also optimistic about the salt and carnallite in Jinnan and Yuncheng, which are what I need, and it is best to be good friends with them. But if we can't stand up straight, no one will look up to us. Not to mention handing it in. If we can negotiate well, the business of our transportation company will be extended to Yuncheng District. ”

Lu Chengxiang asked: "Is the carnallite you are talking about the same stone as the salt that is not used in the salt pond?" ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Yes, that's a baby." This thing can be used to extract chemical fertilizer and be used for farming. It can also extract potassium chloride, which is used to make matches and grab primers. ”

Lu Chengxiang waved his hand and said: "Okay, Mr. Zhang, what you said is like a book from heaven to us, and when you come up with something, we will know it at a glance." Now we don't understand what you're talking about. ”

Not to mention, Zhang Zhimu is really interested in the Qiu family. Because Yuncheng in Shanxi produces salt, but the salt here is controlled by the salt gang in Yuncheng, and outsiders can't buy salt even if they have the salt of the imperial court, and even selling salt without the consent of the salt gang is likely to be life-threatening. This time Qiu Dongjia came, it was definitely a good opportunity to enter the salt pond. In the future, the raw materials of the salt pond are too important to engage in chemical industry.

The state east of Yuncheng is the hometown of Guan Gongguan. There is a salt lake there, called the Salt Pond, also called the Jie Pond. It is located 1 km south of Yuncheng, at the foot of Zhongtiao Mountain, on the bank of the Shushui River. It is composed of duck ponds, salt ponds, nitrate ponds, magnesium ponds, etc. Yanchi is 30 kilometers long from east to west and 2.5 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of about 130 square kilometers. The salt of Yuncheng is made of water brine by exposure to sunlight, the color is white and the taste is positive, and there are few impurities, and it is one of the famous salt-producing places.

The salt and carnallite in the salt pond are important chemical raw materials, if we can make friends with Qiu Laodong this time, we can enter Yuncheng smoothly, and we can make full use of the treasure of this salt lake in the future.

However, if we want to make friends with the people of the Salt Gang, we must let them know our weight, and we must adopt the method of paying equal attention to grace and power, and it is best to convince people with virtue. In this way, the other party can respect you, otherwise, who wants to make friends with a useless waste.

----------

Recommendation: Hydrogen explosion, generator operation, Guo Shoujing takes office. Microscopes, stethoscopes, new medicine starts. --"Memories of the Southern Song Dynasty".