It had been a month before Henry VIII's death since Edward knew the reason why he had been staying in various castles.

It is conceivable that the entire royal court, more than 500 people, including the palace guards, have been staying at Windsor Castle, and so many people's excrement is almost drowning the entire castle.

By the time Sister Luna broke the news to Edward, he was in a state of oversight.

And when he saw that the door of his bedroom was almost submerged, Edward could no longer describe his feelings.

The entire population of Windsor Castle was gathered together by Edward, and the whole group was cleaned up, and all the excrement was packed and dumped in a large pit dug in advance.

This large pit is not ordinary, it is 10 meters long, 10 meters wide, and five meters high. There are also 50 large wooden stakes with a diameter of 30 centimeters and a length of 6 meters. It took three hundred guards half an hour to cut down the stakes.

Edward also laid thick planks on the stakes to prevent the stench from escaping.

In this way, a urinal is formed, and future excrement can be poured into it.

Edward didn't want it to last a few years, he just needed to survive Henry VIII. In fact, it not only survived Henry VIII, but also survived 1548 until Edward's seizure of power.

The true flush toilet was invented in the late 18th century, and it wasn't until the Victorian era in the 19th century that modern toilets became standard in most houses in Britain. How did Europeans excrete during the long Middle Ages? And where does the exported waste go?

The answer is: whatever. In the early Middle Ages, European towns were still quite small, and people either defecated in the streets, or the more elaborate ones were bottled up and dumped in the streets or rivers. In sparsely populated villages, the problem of internal urgency is even more unrestrained.

However, an unwritten rule is "one stone's throw away", which means that the place to solve the problem must be at least one distance away from the nearest dwelling to shoot arrows, and it is unimaginable to build a toilet at home. Being too close to a neighbor or even working indoors is seen as provocative and vandalism.

As the ruler of England, Henry VIII was quite worried about the urinal problem. In 1513, fed up with the ugly brown stains on the exterior walls of his private apartment, Henry ordered the steward of the Tower of London to build a hollow column or heating pipe to cover the filth.

The "Earl's Castle" in Ghent, Belgium, is a representative of the castle's private chambers.

The living area has a private room that can only accommodate one person. The private chambers on the walls of the fortress were reserved for the less privileged inhabitants. The material of both amenities flows into the river next to the city walls. Using the toilets on the city walls in the cold winter was a terrible experience, and many people froze on their buttocks on the stone seats.

In the early days, London Bridge was not like two towers facing each other today, but a crowded river town full of houses.

The residents of the London Bridge also have to solve their personal problems, the public toilets here fall directly into the Thames, and the crew members passing under the bridge will eat a mouthful if they dare to look up at the London sky at a 45-degree angle, so there is a proverb: "The smart man has been on the bridge, and the stupid man has been under the bridge".

The only moment of relief for those who had to pass under the bridge was when the bombers above accidentally fell into the river through the pit above.

As a nobleman, Edward doesn't have to worry about going to the toilet, but the question of how to wipe it after going to the toilet is also very important!

Can you imagine what it's like to wipe your butt with a burlap? It's very sour! But in this respect, Edward was much more comfortable than the King of France.

In ancient Rome, a stick wrapped in cotton cloth at one end was used, which was the "toilet chip" of the Romans, and the toilet chip of the public toilet was shared, and it was put into a container for disinfection and cleaning when it was used up.

The most interesting thing is that in France at the end of the Middle Ages, the buttocks were wiped in the royal palace with thick hemp rope, which was hung from the roof of the luxurious toilet and hung right next to the squatting position.

After shitting, pass the rope between the legs, pull it with one hand in front and one hand in the back, like pulling a big saw, rubbing your butt eyes! What's even better is that this rope is for public use, the emperor runs out of the queen, and the queen runs out of favorites, so that one is not changed all year round. In order to reflect the unity of the monarch and the minister.

Edward was dressed in ordinary aristocratic clothes, wearing a purple robe, because it had rained in the morning, there was still a little moisture in the air, and Edward was wearing a cardigan inside.

In England, because of the centralization of the king's power, the power of the royal family is the difference between heaven and earth compared to the kings of the past.

In England, for example, only members of the royal family were allowed to wear gold and purple clothing, not even nobles.

Edward walked in front step by step, thinking about the interesting things he saw in the forum, Howard followed step by step, and the two guards behind him were two steps away from Edward, and the serfs on both sides consciously moved out of the way, without disturbing the interest of these nobles in the slightest.

Suddenly, Edward felt a vibration on his left, followed by the sound of horses' hooves reaching his ears. Someone came on horseback, and that was Edward's first feeling.

Sure enough, when Edward looked up, he saw that Princess Elizabeth had changed into casual clothes, and rode her brown-red mare Sally heroically, like fiery red paint poured on the green drawing board, which was very eye-catching.

Elizabeth's voice came from afar, like a wind chime, accompanied by the cry of a mare, like a knight who had just returned from a battle, full of confidence and joy.

It was rare for Edward to see Elizabeth so happy, and an urge to ride a horse sprung up in his heart.

"Jackson! What about my Arthur? Edward turned his head to look at his young squire, William, a rather thin fellow!

"Huh! Your Majesty, isn't Princess Elizabeth your Arthur behind you! William replied weakly, pointing weakly behind Elizabeth.

Then Edward saw a scene that made his face almost lose everything.

Elizabeth was followed by a small white dot, and if someone with good eyesight looked closely, it could be seen that it was a foal running happily behind her.

When Elizabeth was almost in front of him, Edward saw Arthur running happily with his little tongue and snow-white tail wagging and a big grin, following Elizabeth like a little henchman.

Edward also saw Elizabeth throwing something behind her from time to time, and the foal with her head down from time to time, so that she knew what it must be eating without looking.

Soon Elizabeth rode up to Edward's side, and passed him by as haughty as a swan on her horse.

The foal, who seemed to see Edward, slowly stopped moving his calves and cautiously approached Edward's side with a funny look on his flattering face.