The sky is the dream of human beings, which has always existed since ancient times, and everyone wants to fly in the sky.

I don't know when it started, some people may see birds flying in the sky, unnaturally will bring into themselves, those gods who pray to God and worship Buddha, their first characteristic is to respond to requests, and the other is to fly.

Even through imagination, I have come up with a lot of ways to fly, for example, to become a bird in the air, for example, to grow two wings directly, but it is more convincing, or to soar the clouds and drive the fog, what to soar the clouds, stacked clouds, lying on the clouds, and the clouds under the feet, in short, the gods can fly freely in the sky.

Mythological stories, after all, are imagination, this kind of wild imagination, of course, can not represent the real result, but human beings will not only think, but also create, as early as the Warring States Period, there are Lu Ban made wooden birds, hovering for 3 days, although I don't know what this is, maybe it is a kite, or a special organ, which also represents the early dream of flying, and the process of gradually realizing the dream.

Coincidentally, not only in the East, but also in the West, there are people who have made such attempts, and in the history of mankind, there have been people who made two large wings, used a lot of feathers, and even ran to the mountains and jumped down, and the final result was, of course, to be killed.

Death could not stop the dream of human beings to fly, and they kept making creations until the discovery of the hot air balloon, and the lighter than air flying machine was born.

At present, in the Dinghai Naval Laboratory, the dream of flying to the sky is to realize the hot air balloon, the earliest, the historical record of similar things, is the Kong Ming lantern, with the help of heat to heat the air, and then make the inside lighter than the outside, you can fly up.

Hot air balloons are just hot air balloons that have expanded countless times, hot air balloons are not difficult to make, hot air balloons are mainly balloons, and there are balloons filled with gas, this gas is lighter than air, which is also the basis of hot air balloons.

In the early days of human research on hot air balloons, it was hot air. Kong Ming lantern is the earliest balloon-like thing, enlarge the Kong Ming lantern, with a large number of animal skins, you can make a hot air balloon, but this is just a simple realization of the dream of flying, the safety factor is not high.

In the later stage, although hydrogen is dangerous, it has a strong load capacity and is easy to achieve, and after the advent of rubber, it is not very difficult to make it.

At the current level of the navy, it is not difficult to make hydrogen, in fact, after the generator is made, electrolysis is already very easy, electrolysis of water can produce hydrogen and oxygen, through specific gravity and separation, you can make relatively pure hydrogen.

This aspect of the experiment has already been completed, but Zhao Xin pressed, although the hydrogen balloon is the easiest to achieve, and large-scale industrial flight experiments, but it is dangerous, the reliability is not high, and it cannot be compared with later aircraft.

Hot air balloons, as well as airships derived from the later period, have not appeared on a large scale in the current Dinghai Navy, but only a small scale of equipment, and the lifting altitude brought by hot air balloons still has some effect in some specific fields.

For example, as a gun guidance, the earth is a sphere, the sphere has curvature, this point, on the ground level, the impact is not very large, once this distance increases, this effect will also appear, at a sufficient height as a point, brought into the calculation of coordinates, for the accuracy of artillery is quite useful.

In addition, at present, the territory occupied by the Dinghai Navy is very huge, the plains and grasslands are a little bit better, as long as it takes time, you can carry out exploration, but in the mountains and forests, it is a little difficult, to see the mountains run dead horses, simply rely on a pair of feet, to the mountains and forests, thoroughly detect out, it is very difficult, especially those rugged and precipitous, in these places, the use of hot air balloons to draw basic geographical graphics, to do auxiliary drawing, is also a very good choice.

Zhao Xin knows very well that the hot air balloon is only a substitute before the development of the aircraft in the extinguishing method, even in the later stage of the airship, a relatively safe helium has been developed, which is not easy to explode, and the reliability is strong, but unfortunately this gas is not something that the Dinghai Navy can develop now, that requires petrochemicals, as well as the exploitation of natural gas, and the gas that can be obtained after reaching a certain level is relatively early for the Dinghai Navy now.

Dingjun's leading position in science and technology, especially in machinery, the steam engine has appeared, and the internal combustion engine is not far away, when gasoline and diesel, the products of petroleum cracking, have been made one by one, and the precursor research on the internal combustion engine has also begun.

It's just that the time is still short, and no usable internal combustion engine has been produced, which is relatively light in weight and relatively large in power, and if it is a steam engine, it is almost impossible to propel the plane into the sky.

Without basic research, it can only be utopian, but with the support of Zhao Xin, utopia can still be prepared in advance, under the impetus of a certain knowledge of physics, coupled with some forward-looking guidance of Zhao Xin, some systems about aircraft have begun to be established.

Fluid mechanics and aerodynamics, these are two basic theories, the former is in the ship experiment, has been studied in depth, formed a basic theory, in the construction process of the naval ship, as well as various new ships in the future, this data and calculation, will occupy an increasingly important system.

Aerodynamics, the initial development, was based on fluid mechanics, but with the development of time, it is even said that with the continuous emergence of aircraft, a new system has been formed.

Among the flying machines, according to the 21st century classification standard, there are two kinds of categories above, one is lighter than air, this basic theory comes from Archimedes' buoyancy theory as early as the Greek era, whether in water or in air, as long as the density is lighter than water and air, it can float.

In the water, that is the manufacture of ships, from the beginning, lighter than water, to the back, made of steel, although the part of the manufacture, the density is heavier than water, and it is much heavier, but with the addition of some cabins and air, the relative density is much lighter than water, which is also the key to the ship's ability to float on the water when it is stationary.

These, which can be collectively referred to as lighter than water, both relative and absolute, show a little bit that can float on the surface of the water under stationary conditions.

Flying, basically, also follows this, in the early days, in order to find the tools of flying, what you have to look for is a material that is lighter than air.

In nature, in solids, there will be no existence, but in gases, this amount is very large, hot air, this is the most representative, in many experiments, the air itself, after being heated, its weight will be reduced, the higher the heat, the smaller the proportion of hot air.

This is one of the most important theories of hot air balloons, and it is also the foundation of all specific gravity buoyancy theories, and the Dinghai Navy also relies on this, and it is easy to realize the hot air balloon, even if at the beginning, it is only sewn with animal skins a little bit, and there are some leaky hot air balloons, but it has realized the dream of manning the sky, even if it is only three or four hundred meters high, it is also a creative beginning.

On surface ships, the problem of density has always been considered, if it is not guaranteed to be lighter than water, then there is only one result of this ship, that is, it sinks into the water like a big iron ball.

In the development of history, the original aircraft were hot air balloons and airships, and they were also in continuous efforts and attempts, and in the whims of some geniuses, they thought of airplanes, which are heavier than air.

Historically, this was the idea of genius to be able to make this creation, and at the same time opened the era of the human sky.

But with Zhao Xin such a cheat, airplanes are almost common sense known to everyone in later generations, maybe some people have never taken a plane, but they see it in the sky every day, in film and television materials, and on the Internet, these have enriched the knowledge of future people, not to mention, Zhao Xin, as a doctor, as an archaeologist, although flying in the sky is not the norm, there are seventy or eighty times a year.

Not to mention, he is still a military enthusiast, in his spare time, always look at some military knowledge, in his heart, he prefers battleships this kind of battleship, but it does not mean, Zhao Xin does not know aircraft carriers, although it is said that aircraft carriers buried the era of strong ships and guns, but from the mid-to-late 20th century, air supremacy and aircraft carriers, one dominates the sky, the other dominates the sea, different paths, no air supremacy war, it is almost difficult to win, this is the iron law.

In this case, Zhao Xin is of course very aware of the aircraft, and even conducted some research on the aircraft, knowing that this is the characteristics of the second type of aircraft in the air.

In the air, along with aerodynamics and buoyancy, there is another way of flying, the heavier-than-air aircraft, the representative of which is the airplane.

The characteristics of this kind of aircraft are completely different from the previous hot air balloons, as long as the hot air balloon is heated, it can float in the air, the temperature of the heating, the height of the floating, can be easily adjusted, but the aircraft, which is in a stationary state, is absolutely impossible to float in the air, only under the impetus of speed, can leave the ground, and keep flying.

The unique maneuvering characteristics, coupled with the excellent speed, will make the force area of the aircraft expand several times, perhaps in a stationary state, heavier than the air, but in the face of the speed of flight, he can obtain a certain buoyancy and fly into the sky.

So since the birth of the aircraft, in addition to the early aircraft, which took off from the flat grass, the later aircraft basically have a runway, even if it is a flat soil runway, it also needs to have a distance to accelerate, so that the aircraft can gain considerable speed, from a heavier than air state, to have enough buoyancy, and fly into the sky.

The theory of the aircraft, as well as some unique design designs, have been provided to the research institute as early as the early stage of aircraft research, and the aerodynamic shape has also begun to be studied, but the most critical thing is actually the aerodynamic formula of speed, wing area and so on.

Under the conditions of the same area, how much speed is needed to be able to send a certain weight of aircraft into the sky, this is a basic formula, Zhao Xin is not a study of aerodynamics, let alone understand this thing, but he can remind some researchers, work in this direction, and the direction of efforts is all heavier than air.

In fact, the basics of making a flying machine heavier than air are very simple, for example, a kite, one of the first flying objects, under normal circumstances, it is heavier than air, but if it is propelled by the wind, it gains enough buoyancy to float in the air.

There are also paper airplanes, some similar to paragliding wings, these can provide some data, especially the glider, under the premise of flight, under the dual impetus of wind and speed, he can fly smoothly in the air, which is the best place to obtain data before the original shape of the aircraft does not appear.

This is also the point, before the plane came out, kites, paper airplanes, gliders, including some fixed flying wings, these became the source of data acquisition, kites and paper airplanes, although they are also heavier than the air, but their weight is too light, as long as a little wind, can make them float, their speed requirements are relatively low.

Through this, just to get some basic data, the really useful is the glider and fixed-wing, which are the main aspects of buoyancy calculation.

Zhao Xin can give a general direction, the real scientific and technological products, need detailed data as the basis, on the basis of fluid mechanics, on the basis of considering the characteristics of buoyancy in the water flow, the Ding Navy is more just as a reference, with the help of calculations, the Ding Navy has entered a new field, a field that has never been set foot in before.

Zhao Xin may not know fluid mechanics and aerodynamics, but he also knows that in the water, there are few buoyancy obtained by speed, and the overall density is lighter than water, which is a key point.

In the field of flight, such things abound, this is the difference, in different experiments, even some experiments, look very child's play, even jokes, but in strict accordance with the experimental discipline of the researcher, do not think this is child's play, even if a ridiculous data, will be recorded, after determining its reliability, the researcher began to work tirelessly to find these ridiculous data after the inevitable contact, this is the key to open the door to the air.

。 Reading at zero o'clock