Chapter 33 Telephone Difficulties Zuo Liangyu came to please

Zhang Zhimu knew that when the X-ray machine was invented, it had caused many misunderstandings, and there were even those who sold anti-see-through clothing. Therefore, after the development of the X-ray machine, the first thing to do is to publicize the X-ray machine.

Lu Bingyi knew that when Zhang Zhimu invited him to come over with his disciples who were engaged in physics, there must be something important. So early in the morning, Lu Bingyi arrived first with people.

Zhang Zhimu said to Lu Bingyi: "After a while, Yangchang and their people have arrived, let's study a little things together, you sit down first." ”

"Good! There is no hurry. Lu Bingyi said, "Mr. Zhang, there is one thing I want to talk to you about first. ”

"Oh! All right! Zhang Zhimu knew that Lu Bingyi was also a person who never talked about idle things.

"The dial-up phone in our Yaogang office building has been used for a while, which is indeed convenient, right?" Lu Bingyi asked.

Zhang Zhimu thought to himself, it seems that Lu Bingyi's matter is related to the phone, "Yes! It's very convenient. This year, we will popularize dial-up telephones in Yaogang, and now Yangchang is planning for various districts, and they are also appropriately increasing telephone lines. ”

"The in-room phone is getting more and more convenient." Lu Bingyi said, "But our long-distance telephone calls are still weak. It is not easy for ordinary people to make long-distance telephone calls, and the limited long-distance lines must first ensure that our military and our kiln workers are given priority, as well as telegraphs. It is very inconvenient for civil people to travel long distances. It's a long distance, and the sound is also bad where it's too far. Aren't we going to work on this? ”

"The problem Mr. Lu said is a big problem that must be solved." Zhang Zhimu said, "You are not the first to raise this question. After a while, Yangchang and the others came over to study today's affairs, and we will study these issues together. This problem must be solved. Now it seems that the telephone has not only made it convenient for us to make calls, but also made great changes in the way we live and work. ”

"Huh! It is difficult for newcomers outside to adapt to the way of life of our kiln, and people's concept of time and work efficiency are not adapted to outsiders at once. What used to take a lot of effort is now done when you pick up the phone. Lu Bingyi said, "We ourselves are barely adapting, let alone newcomers from outside." ”

"Mr. Lu, I've been thinking about a question." Zhang Zhimu said, "Our Baotou Steel Mill will be able to produce iron this year, and we will soon carry out key construction in Hankou." In particular, if the Hankou Steel Mill is completed, it will lay a very important foundation for us to speed up the process of industrialization. Only when our industry is further developed can we feed back to agriculture. Many of our peasants, in the barren land, it is difficult to get rid of poverty after working hard, and it is good to barely make ends meet. But the land can't be given up, it must be cultivated. In addition to researching new agricultural technologies, we provide them with fertilizers and pesticides. In the future, when we reach a certain level of industrialization, we will abolish agricultural taxes and provide subsidies to those peasants who stick to the land. ”

"Oops!" Lu Bingyi's mind couldn't keep up with Zhang Zhimu's train of thought, "I can't imagine that farmers don't pay taxes for farming, and there will be subsidies." I'm sure what you're saying will come true, but it seems too far away, right? ”

Zhang Zhimu understood that his words were said early, "It won't be realized soon." However, I think that there has been no good way to increase the peasants' incomes that we have discussed in the past. I think that's how it should end up. The question before us is how we can accelerate our industrialization. This process cannot be left to us alone. Now we should use the things that should be combined with land reform to provide opportunities for those landlords who have no land, but have money in their hands, to participate in the process of industrialization. It's not just about providing some food processing and other projects. We can also let go of textile machinery, power generation projects, etc., and let them operate in partnerships. ”

"That's right!" Lu Bingyi said, "We have to build power plants in various places, etc., and we can absorb some of their funds." We can also carry out some projects with strong independence, and absorb the funds in the hands of people from all over the country to become shareholders. ”

Zhang Zhimu's mind lit up, and he thought to himself, some projects in Yaogang can be listed and stocks, "We can't wait, the next step is to study the business management with Mr. Lu." For some well-managed projects, we can issue shares to the outside world. Let those who also have some money in their hands be shareholders. ”

"Great idea!" Lu Bingyi said, "It is not easy to let those landlords who have just received the silver in their hands come out to start a business. But they can choose to invest in someone else's business. ”

"We have formulated a sound management legal system and norms, and this stock market can work, otherwise it will be messed up." Zhang Zhimu said, "This stock market can promote our industrialization process. ”

After Yang Chang led some people in, Zhang Zhimu said, "I invited you here today to study the X-ray problem with you." ”

"Is that the X-ray thing you mentioned in physics class before?" Yang Chang asked.

"That's right! I've already told you about X-rays before, and today we're going to study X-rays in detail and let them serve us. Zhang Zhimu said. In fact, Zhang Zhimu doesn't know much about X-rays, but when he cooperated with local governments to conduct X-ray and television testing, he was exposed to X-ray equipment. Then there was an X-ray at the hospital.

Seeing that everyone had opened their notebooks again, Zhang Zhimu said: "Today, I invited all of you who are engaged in physics to come over, hoping that you will conduct some research on X-rays from the aspect of physics in the future." In fact, X-rays will also be very helpful for your research in other areas of physics. When you work on lasers, you all know that when electrons drop from a high price to a low price, they will release energy in the form of light. If, if we accelerate an electron and shoot it at a metal target, and the electron suddenly stops, what will happen to its energy? I tell you that it will also be released in the form of light. When we use tungsten as the cathode in the tube, add tens of thousands of volts or even hundreds of thousands of volts to add a voltage, and use tungsten metal as the anode. The accelerated electron impact on the metal tungsten anode produces X-rays. Due to the high temperatures generated by the electron-bombardment stage, it must be cooled with water. This X-ray is extremely penetrating and can make the film sensitive to light just like visible light. The intensity of the film is proportional to the amount of X-rays, and when the X-rays pass through the human body, the sensitivity obtained on the film is different due to the different densities of the tissues of the human body, the absorption of the X-ray amount is different, so as to obtain the X-ray image. We can also use this property of X-rays to inspect our metal materials. For example, in the artillery materials we forge, whether there are impurities or deficiencies can be tested in this way; In addition, whether there are defects in the weld in the metal we weld can also be inspected in this way. Weld inspection of high-pressure and hazardous equipment is essential. We can also use the fluorescence screen for visual inspection, X-ray wavelength is very short and invisible, but when it irradiates certain compounds such as phosphorus, zinc sulfide, cadmium, calcium tungstate, etc., it can make the substance fluoresce, and the intensity of fluorescence is proportional to the amount of X-rays. This effect is the basis for the application of X-rays to fluoroscopy, which can be used to make a phosphor screen, which can be used to observe the image of X-rays passing through human tissues during fluoroscopy, and can also be made into a sensitization screen to enhance the light sensitivity of the film during photography. We can intuitively see what lesions our patients have in their internal organs to help doctors make a diagnosis. Things like tuberculosis are easy to diagnose. In short, we had no way to detect objects in the past, as long as we developed X-ray equipment, we had a way. ”

Yangchang and their people bowed their heads one by one to remember what Zhang Zhimu said, they knew that this task was going to fall on them again, their hands were shaking with excitement, they knew that they were about to enter a new field again.

Zhang Zhimu said: "However, X-rays are too strong, and they are also very harmful to people's bodies. We X-ray people wear lead protective clothing and lead glass glasses. Minimize radiation from X-rays. However, small doses of radiation for a short period of time have little effect on people. ”

After listening to Zhang Zhimu, Yang Chang said: "It is a little difficult to increase the voltage to 100,000 volts and use it on one device. The monitors we use now are tens of thousands of volts. But we can use the method of multiplication. Let's go back and try it out! ”

"You study this with the physics guys." Zhang Zhimu said, "Pay attention to personal safety. ”

After this matter was arranged, Zhang Zhimu said to Yang Chang again: "I was just telling Mr. Lu about our phone call. Now the quality of long-distance communication of our telephone is not very ideal, although we have carried out many times of signal relay amplification, but when amplifying, the noise will also be amplified. This issue must now be addressed. ”

"It's still early to talk about fiber optic communication." Yangchang said.

"I have a suggestion and that is to communicate digitally. We digitalize voice signals, that is, turn analog signals into digital signals. The digital signal is transmitted to the receiver and then converted to digital-to-analog. In this way, the relay amplification will not destroy the digital signal, and the return to the analog signal will not be distorted. Zhang Zhimu said.

"Mr. Zhang, we have done some sampling and digitization experiments, and it is inevitable that the signal will be distorted!" Yangchang said.

"I'll tell you about it later. But I'll tell you a sampling theorem. You know, we use a signal with a lot of signal components, and as long as we sample more than twice the highest frequency in the signal, we can completely retain all the information about the original signal. In practice, the sampling frequency used is generally five to ten times the highest frequency of the signal. Because there are so many other factors to consider. I will deduce this theorem for you when I have time. You can try to do some work. Zhang Zhimu said.

Lu Bingyi said: "Also, there are too few lines between our cities, and it is not easy to call for a phone call. This is also a big problem. ”

"We're going to look into this too." Zhang Zhimu said, "We can also use modulation methods for frequency division multiplexing in communication cables, and a cable can have multiple telephone channels at the same time, and these experiments should also be done." ”

"Okay, Mr. Zhang, let's go back and arrange two groups to do this separately." Yang Chang said, "What I want to tell you is that when the weather gets warmer again, we will soon carry out a comprehensive upgrade of the telephone network in Yaogang. This matter is too wide-ranging, should our newspapers and radio also carry out propaganda? If the home phone needs to be upgraded, we will uniformly change the phone and issue the number. There are also people who choose numbers specifically, I don't know how to do it? ”

"There you have, especially good numbers for auction. Noodles lest people come every day to ask for a number. Zhang Zhimu said, "I'll discuss it with Mr. Lu in the afternoon to see how to plan it." Let those who are not short of money can bid for their favorite numbers. If you don't choose a number, we will arrange the number freely. ”

Yangchang said: "That's great. There are some good numbers that we keep for work. For other numbers, we can all auction them openly. However, our public security bureau, kiln office building and other numbers should be used exclusively and need to be kept. ”

"There are a lot of people involved in this matter, and I asked Huang Yukun and them to send someone to cooperate with you in this work. You just have to do the basics. Zhang Zhimu said.

After the matter was finished, everyone left, but Yangchang did not leave.

Yang Chang, who stayed behind, said: "Mr. Zhang, we have already made two instruments for General Li Wei to measure the velocity of artillery shells, and the results are very good. Press this device, as long as the shell has not landed as soon as it is discharged, we will digitally display the velocity parameters of the shell. Li Wei: They were overjoyed. ”

"Great, with this thing, they will have data as a basis for artillery research." Zhang Zhimu said.

"There is another difficulty that we can't help, General Li Wei wants to measure the chamber pressure when the gun is fired." Yangchang said.

"These technologies also need to be broken through." Zhang Zhimu said, "We now use springs for pressure gauges, but the accuracy is too low. Let me give you an idea. Many of our semiconductor materials have piezoelectric phenomena, and the electronic resistance is different with different pressures, so with the same voltage, the current is not different. If we measure this current, we can measure the corresponding pressure. This is one of the directions of our pressure instrumentation in the future. If we make them resistant to high pressure, can we also measure chamber pressure? ”

"Oops! Not only for measuring chamber pressure, but also for many pressure instruments to directly output electrical signals. Yang Chang patted his head and said.

"How's your proximity fuse?" Zhang Zhimu asked again.

"The circuit is almost complete, the oscillation source is very stable, and the next step is to develop a circuit board that can withstand impact. Then it will be possible to experiment with shells. "But there is another question, if we have multiple guns firing at the same time, will there be interference between the shells?" ”

"Of course there will be interference," Mr. Zhang said, "but you can set the shells to different frequencies." Ten frequencies in one artillery group are enough for the time being. ”

"Are you saying that in the future, when each gun is equipped with a fuse, it will have to be set at a different frequency, and our fuse will also be adjustable?" Yang Chang asked.

"It's a solution to the problem." Zhang Zhimu said, "You should hurry up and study this thing, I will be more concerned about your radio detection and underwater acoustic detection." ”

"Don't worry, the technology is pretty much the same," Yang Chang said, "and when we succeed in the proximity fuse, we'll immediately study radio detection and acoustic detection." ”

"There's one more thing you can do right away." Zhang Zhimu said, "You have to get the radio detonator out as soon as possible. My requirement is that digital technology is needed. Only the programmed receiving equipment can be detonated, which prevents interference and sabotage. For example, if the ** detonation is set, the second detonation incident should not be detonated. ”

"Hmmm! We can do that. Yang Chang said, "Just use a comparator." ”

As the weather warmed up, a large number of materials for Li Zicheng were transported to Jiangnan, and the junior officers sent by Li Zicheng to learn the use of muskets and tactics were also sent to the kiln post for training. Zhang Zhimu didn't expect that Zuo Liangyu couldn't hold his breath anymore, and sent someone to meet Zhang Zhimu and wanted to invite Zhang Zhimu to Jiujiang.

Chen Yufeng and Ouyang He did not agree with Zhang Zhimu to go to Jiujiang, and Zhang Zhimu also felt that there was no need to go to Jiujiang to see this Zuo Liangyu at this time. Now Zuo Liangyu is the turtle in the urn, and he can't run at all.

Ouyang He said: "It seems that we, General Zuo, who have been sitting firmly in Diaoyutai, can't sit still. ”

"Huh! He also thought that as long as he didn't move and kept his capital, he would be able to wait for a good opportunity, but he didn't know that he was waiting for the rope around his neck to be tightened more and more. ”

Therefore, Zhang Zhimu wrote back to Zuo Liangyu and said that he really didn't have time to go to Jiujiang, and he would definitely arrange to visit General Zuo in Jiujiang when he had time. He also said that if General Zuo had time, he would like to invite General Zuo to Yaogang for a while.

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Mt. Fuji erupted, Japan was earthquaked. --Progress of "Memories of the Southern Song Dynasty".