The impact of the sermons on the voyage has slowly dissipated, because the instructor has given a gag order to all the students, and the students are not fools, and the opinion of the emperor is very likely to be the national policy of Germany in the future! If it leaks out now, it may cut off the road to naval development. How could these ambitious young naval men give up such fascinating prospects?!

Of course, it is not without any impact. After returning from the voyage, the instructor reported to the rector, Paul von Reibnitz. The startled Reibnitz President immediately convened the senior teachers of the school for a discussion, and the teachers of the academy, who were deeply influenced by Professor Stenchar's theory of offensive naval forces, naturally admired the idea of active engagement, all-out engagement, and asymmetrical engagement. Reibniz, who was also eager for the German Navy's strength, immediately made a decision and decided to adjust the teaching ideas of the Naval Academy, formally discuss the inevitability of the development of the German Navy and how to compete for sea power, and instill it in the students as the teaching ideas of the Naval Academy in the future. Of course, on the surface, it cannot be said to be against Britain, so it is whitewashed with France and Russia as imaginary enemies. Of course, how to defeat an imaginary enemy with a strong naval fleet, how to weaken the enemy's main fleet that can participate in a decisive battle, and how to fight for sea supremacy to ensure interests in the oceans, so that the really intelligent people among the cadets can still guess who the real target is. And when the naval belligerents became more and more powerful in the future, the German navy eventually became an extremely aggressive offensive force, which was not expected by Jochen now.

It was January 1884 when the voyage training was over. Finally getting rid of the boredom of the voyage cadets finally set foot on the soil of their homeland, and the cadets' course has officially entered the study of cultural classes, and Jochen once again shows his excellent characteristics as a bookworm since childhood. All the students knew that His Royal Highness the Emperor Sun would go into the library when he had time, and it could be said that he was obsessed with all kinds of technical books, and then wrote and drew in his notebook with strange square-shaped symbols, which was simply a waste of sleep and food. And because of this, in addition to praising the imperial grandson's diligence and studiousness, Yoheng also has the nickname of a library book-gnawing maniac. Of course, this can only be said behind the scenes, but Jochen doesn't care when he hears it, because everyone has no malicious intentions. Jochen is now busy sorting out information about naval gunnery and related technological developments.

The future is the era of big ships and giant artillery. Of course, Jochen will not give up the new weapons such as submarines and aircraft carriers, but under the condition of technical limitations, the roar of giant artillery is still the mainstream of the times. Technically, improving German naval gunnery was the first goal of Jochen. Since the Mars gunnery training ship joined the German Navy in 1881, the Germans, like the British, have fired at targets at a specified distance at a fixed elevation angle in firing training, usually at a distance of 500 meters, 1,500 meters, and 2,500 meters, and the firing parameters are corrected by fine-tuning the elevation angle of the gun in steps of 1/16 degree based on a speed of 15 knots. The German Navy generally conducts artillery firing drills once a year, but the results are not considered important. It was not until 1885 that the new naval gunnery in charge von Thomsen took office, and the German Navy began to catch up with the artillery level of the advanced countries, and from October 10 to 14 of the same year, von Thomsen was responsible for the first long-range firing test of the German Navy, and the ironclad ship Byrne fired 133 times at multiple targets in the Baltic Sea at a distance of 1500-5000 meters, of which 33 hits were achieved. But even so, until 1897, the German Navy still generally used sextants for target ranging, and the StandGeraet (St.G) system for target bearing and azimuth change rate. Moreover, there is no systematic tactical depiction of the naval battlefield, and the overall technical level is simply crude and primitive compared with the Demerrick calculator used by the British Royal Navy at the same time to simulate the movement of target parts.

Therefore, taking advantage of the fact that the German Navy began to reform its gunnery next year, it took the lead in coming up with ideas such as target ranging, simulation calculation, and even fire control, which can greatly inspire the future development of gunnery in the German Navy. The culmination was Jochen's technical vision paper, "Shooting and Hitting."

The paper is divided into four main sections:

Part I: The Effect of Hull Movement on Aiming. Based on the theory of using the pendulum to judge the suitable timing of the ship during the roll of the ship during the Napoleon I period, the continuous aiming technique discovered by Colonel Percy Scott, the captain of the cruiser Skulla of the British Royal Navy 16 years later, was proposed. On May 26, 1899, the Skula achieved 6 times the previous fixed elevation angle with 70 shots and 56 hits during the annual training exercise. Now this idea was put forward by Jochen in advance, and proposed to set up a new artillery post - the sightman, so that the elevation angle of the naval gun can be adjusted at any time in order to aim at the target more accurately, and in order to further cooperate with the sight, it is also proposed to set up a sight setting hand to replace the previous shooting relying on the elevation angle sight and the direction sight indicated by the approximate target orientation. It is also proposed that because the observation of sea level and targets by personnel is prone to errors, it is necessary to help the sighter determine the shaking position of the hull like a pendulum, and this device needs to be accurate and stable enough, so it can use the two basic characteristics of the gyroscope: fixed axis and precession. This is actually the basic concept of the gyroscope, although this technology was not basically perfected until World War II, but it can be a little ahead. So Jochen is unceremonious, and precision machining is the strength of the Germans, and the technical difficulty or something makes professionals have a headache!

Part 2: Target Ranging and Number Transmission. Firstly, the shortcomings of the sextant manual ranging method used in various countries are analyzed. On the other hand, the basic concept of a stereo rangefinder that will become the mainstream of optical ranging in the future (Note 1) is proposed, which is a horizontal long tube with a reference length, and two sets of objective lenses consisting of fixedly mounted fluoroscopic lenses on the left and right, and the main optical axis of the objective lens is perpendicular to the ranging baseline between the two sets of objective lenses. When the objective lens is imaged, the optical path similar to the periscope is imaged on the left and right eyepieces in the middle, and the rangefinder observes the eyepiece at the same time through the left and right eyes, and because there is an angle between the two eyes, the human being who has binocular vision can judge the visual angle through the muscle tension around the eyeball, thus forming a sense of distance. For the stereoscopic image that forms a three-dimensional layer, the operator adjusts the marker in the eyepiece to move the rangefinder until the marker coincides with the target image, and the number jù on the rangefinder is the target distance. Of course, even this will still have errors, so Jochen once again plagiarized the short-range telegraph communication form proposed by the British Lloyd and Anson in 1885, setting up two rangefinders at different positions on the ship, and then the short-range telegraph communication aggregates the target distance numbers of the two rangefinders, and then takes the average value to reduce the error.

Part III: Rate of Change in Distance. For naval gun shooting, the gunners do not shoot at a fixed target, so they predict the position of the target in a short period of time in advance, and then shoot at this position, and when the shell flies for a period of time to reach this position, the target happens to arrive here, and then hits the target. And the farther away from the target, the more important this estimate becomes. Therefore, the gunner needs to calculate the range of changes in the azimuth and distance of the target's movement, which is called the "rate of change in azimuth" and "rate of change in distance". However, in practical applications, due to the excessive number of variables and related factors, it is difficult to achieve direct calculation, so it is more accurate to use vector line markers to mark the distance and azimuth changes between the launch point and the target than direct calculation. The same Jochen copied the idea of John Somariz de Merrick of the British Royal Navy in 1905: when two warships are usually sailing at a constant speed along a steady course, the rate of change of the velocity vector does not change with time, but depends on the component of the longitudinal vector and the component of the transverse rate of change perpendicular to the firing line, because the direction of the one's own side to the target line changes in both the vertical and parallel components of the firing line. Then the nodes of the two components that change with time are connected almost in a straight line, and the rate of change of distance depends on the rate of change of transverse change, and vice versa. This improves the accuracy of the position estimation of the shot.

Part 4: System Integration and Fire Control. When the above three parts of the technology and ideas are realized, the integration of all systems into a unified data analysis and command system will greatly improve the efficiency of shooting. Any technique that can replace manual and mental arithmetic will greatly improve the level of gunnery. These devices are unified, and the obtained numbers are handed over to a special officer for judgment and judgment, and then the measured numbers are then continuously corrected and applied. And such a centralized command and the artillery requirements of a salvo. It is necessary to integrate the functions of impact observation, ranging, parameter calculation and fire control of the whole ship into a special compartment with tight armor protection. The higher the degree of system integration, the more accurate the calculation of the number jù, and the faster the error correction, the more advantageous it will be in the large-scale artillery battle. As for the advantages of unified salvo fire, the British did not conduct experiments and demonstrations on the Victory and Solemn until 1904, and because the British initially fired all naval guns together with a salvo, the firing rate was not uniform, the trajectory was not uniform, and the impact point was difficult to judge, and finally returned to the old way of firing at each gun at targets outside the area. And this was actually to open the door to the idea of an all-heavy artillery battleship for Germany!

The paper was first published in early 1885 within the Kiel Naval Academy, which coincided with von Thomsen's reform of German gunnery, and was immediately taken seriously by Rector Reibnitz and submitted to the Imperial Admiralty. After discussion with the naval gunnery department, the senior management of the Admiralty realized that this paper has extremely high feasibility value and technical foresight. The Admiralty also immediately contacted Zeiss, Siemens, and Krupp for research and trial production of the various technical principles mentioned in it. The final results of these technologies will be sealed off as an internal secret of the Navy. Naval gunnery research and training began to be planned and developed around the ideas of this thesis.

Since then, although the German naval artillery research started late, it has been far ahead of the old naval powers at the starting line.

Note 1: The British used the horizontal image system until the beginning of World War II, while the Germans began to use the stereo form in 1893

Author's words: This chapter is completely a pile of various technical materials, basically no content, but the content of this chapter is mainly to write about Yoheng's own academic papers, but this kind of paper is basically impossible to explain clearly in the plot in three words. So I had to devote a whole chapter to it.

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