As we all know, the Tudor era was the most powerful era of absolute monarchy in England, and the aristocratic and religious power shrank in an all-round way, resulting in a situation of monarchical dominance.

There are three pillars that underpin absolute monarchy.

The Treasury Department, the Privy Council, and the local government are the greatest pillars of royal power.

The Privy Council, formerly known as the Senate, consulted with previous kings, and was composed of local nobles and high clergy, who used it as a body that influenced and constrained royal power.

By the time of the Tudors, Henry VII had made it the Privy Council, an administrative body under the control of the king.

With the Privy Council as the core, the central institution of England was established, and its administrative center was established.

The power of the Privy Council is to assemble the state seal of the Chancellor, the state seal representing the king's rights, and the jade seal representing the king personally, that is, it has judicial and executive powers, and it is institutionalized as a state institution.

The Treasury was also the body used by the nobility to check the royal power, and although the Chancellor of the Exchequer was appointed by the king, it was supervised and constrained by the four nobles, which was intolerable for all kings.

In order to strengthen the management of the royal family's finances, Edward I set up a brocade treasury to set up a treasury to empty the treasury, Edward II and Edward III used the inner court to manage the finances, and Edward IV set up an inspector to handle and inspect the royal financial management.

By the time of Henry VII, the royal family had full control over the income from the royal estates and domains, and strengthened the rights of guardianship, inheritance, and justice.

That is to say, the former English royal family could not completely control the income of its royal territory, and was restricted and monitored by the nobles.

It wasn't until the Tudor royal period that the income from the royal realm really belonged to the royal family, and no one monitored it.

At present, the Treasury and the Privy Council's Treasury have merged to form the Ministry of Finance, and the types of taxes they can collect at present include the first year's tax and the knight's contribution (which is not only small in money, but also offends people, and Edward generously gave it to the Ministry of Finance).

And in order to make it enforceable, Edward incorporated the revenue collection tribunal for church property into the Treasury, and the large number of experienced tax collectors, as well as the branches of the revenue collection tribunal throughout England, strengthened the enforcement capacity of the treasury, so to speak, if the grant was to be levied now.

Having said all that, the most important focus today is on local government.

Edward pondered the reform of local government.

Some people say that if the power is centralized, the English will definitely stick to their self-style, lose their desire to conquer the sea, and become like China.

But they didn't see that, except for England, the whole of Europe began to vigorously centralize, but the desire for colonies has not stopped, and interests are an important factor for Europeans to conquer the earth.

As I said before, the place of England was completely controlled by the gentry group, that is, the group composed of the gentry, the knights, the quasi-knights, and the Yomannon, and the control of the place by the English king depended on the strong position of the English king.

Local governance consists of a court model and a committee model.

The Tudor government retained the parish system and transformed it into a local administrative unit.

And Henry VII was more subdivided, adding a hundred districts.

Thus, the manor, the hundred-hundred-the-parish-county, the three divisions, constituted the administrative mechanism of England, and of course the exception of the autonomous cities.

Judicially, the English region consisted of the Manor Court, the Hundred Household Court, the County Court, and the City Court.

Although the various members of the court were made up of local people, they were all appointed by the king and subject to the leadership of the king.

The committee system, on the other hand, was originally a temporary body set up by the central government to deal with various affairs.

For example, the Committee on Grants, the Committee for Non-Subordinate Teachers, the Commission for the Investigation of Enclosures, the Commission for Conscription, etc., various committees with administrative and judicial powers.

Among them, the Public Security Council, which holds the judicial power and part of the executive power, is the most important local body.

By appointing unpaid squires and making flexible use of various committees, the Tudor kings had a great deal to control their place.

In order to reconcile the relationship between the court and the various committees, the king generally appointed and dismissed the magistrate to exercise this function.

In order to prevent the power of the county governor from being difficult to suppress, the Tudor kings gave the military power and the right to command the local militia to the county governor, and adjusted their term of office to one year.

As a result, the county magistrate was completely disenfranchised and became an empty shell (from which I suspect symbols such as the Governor General of Canada derived) who had legal rights but could not exercise them, creating a situation in which there was no rule of law.

So, at present, the two most powerful people in the local area are the magistrate and the county lieutenant.

The magistrate administers the county courts, as well as administering the poor and commercial trade, and administering social order.

Nicknamed the king's maid, most of the central government's decrees are actually carried out by them.

Although they have judicial and some executive powers, their powers are dispersed among the magistrates' committees and cannot be monopolized.

Although the county lieutenants had military power, they did not have the king's order to summon the local militia to fulfill their obligations, and could only lead the usual hundreds of standing militia to suppress the local area.

In this way, the Tudor monarchs were not at ease, and in order to maintain their rule, they also set up circuit courts.

The circuit court, as its name suggests, travels all day long in the local counties.

It monitors local officials for corruption and rebellion, as well as wrongful trials.

Therefore, although England at this time did not implement centralized power, local governance was completely self-governing by the local gentry.

However, the control of the crown over the region had been greatly strengthened, and although it could not be compared with that of China, it was much stronger than that of the European countries of the time, and they were still engaged in a situation of aristocratism and kingship.

The king's appointment and dismissal of county lieutenants and magistrates to govern the local area, and the supervision of the circuit courts brought much calmer England to the turmoil.

A peaceful society is conducive to businessmen, and capitalism can sprout, take root, and grow, which is why it is often said in textbooks that capitalists support absolute monarchy and centralized power.

It was England that was the first country to achieve peace and was the first to carry out the capitalist revolution.

They understand that without a peaceful society, not only will business not be successful, but even life safety will be a problem.