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In ancient Chinese books, Fuxi, Nuwa, and Shennong are called the "Three Emperors", and Taihui, Emperor Yan, Yellow Emperor, Shaohui, and Zhuan Xuan are called the "Five Emperors", but in fact, the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" are all symbolic figures, leaders of imaginary clans, tribes, or tribal alliances. The records of the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors", although some beautiful and moving myths, can reflect the history of clans and tribes in primitive societies.

Legend has it that Fuxi, Nuwa, and Shennong were great sages in ancient times, and each had some great feats.

Fuxi, also known as Xuxi. It is said that he was a great inventor who "began to make eight seals" and "made knotted ropes and made nets". These are two big inventions. Of course, the emergence of such a new thing in society is the result of the collective labor of people, and not the gift of some "saint". But this legend tells us that the Fuxi clan began to use a kind of memorization symbol, and knew how to make nets and catch fish.

Nuwa's main achievement is "refining five-colored stones to make up for the sky". It is said that before this, the sky collapsed, disasters continued, and after the work of her old man, everything was in order. She became the legendary god who sorted out the heavens and the earth. The story reflects the hard struggle of ancient humans with the natural world.

Shennong is a legendary earth god who is in charge of crops. Presumably refers to the name of the clan in which agriculture began to develop in primitive societies. According to records, people ate raw meat, drank animal blood, and wore animal skins. Shennong believes that it is difficult for people to live like this. So, he "tasted the truth of a hundred herbs, observed the sour and bitter taste, and taught the people to eat grains." In fact, the knowledge of agricultural production is the accumulation of practical experience of ancient humans. Shennong is no one. Later, it was speculated that the deeds of the Shennong clan roughly reflected the social situation during the prosperity of the matrilineal clan system.

The five ancient emperors in the legend are very inconsistent in their documents. The era of their activities may have entered the patriarchal clan system, or the end of primitive society.

Taihao, also known as Taihao, surnamed Feng. Legend has it that the head of the snake body, or the body of the dragon with a human head, may have been a clan leader with a snake or dragon as a totem, living in Chendi (now Huaiyang County, Henan). He should be the imaginary ancestor of the clan tribes of the Huai River Valley.

Emperor Yan, surnamed Jiang. According to legend, he was a bull-headed human body, and he may have been the head of the clan with the ox as the Tupeng. Initially, this clan was active in the Wei River valley, and later entered the middle reaches of the Yellow River, where it had a long period of conflict with the Jiuli tribe. The leader of the Jiuli clan is called Chi You, a beast with a human body, a copper head and an iron neck, horns on his head, and the hair on his ears is as hard as a sword halberd, and he can eat sand and gravel. He had eighty-one brothers, that is, eighty-one clans, and they were powerful clans that were brave and good at fighting. Chiyou expelled Emperor Yan to Zhuolu (present-day Sanggan River valley in northwest Hebei). Emperor Yan asked the Yellow Emperor for help, and the two sides fought in Zhuolu. Chi You asked the wind and rain to make the wind and rain, and made a fog to disorient the soldiers of the Yellow Emperor, and the Yellow Emperor invited the drought goddess to clear the weather and build a "guide car" to identify the direction. The result of this fierce war was the defeat of Chiyou and his death. The Yellow Emperor was victorious and was elected "Son of Heaven".

The Yellow Emperor's surname is Ji, his name is Xuanyuan, and his name is Xiong. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor tribe originally lived in the northwest and lived a nomadic life without settlement, and after defeating Chiyou, they fought three major battles with the Yandi tribe in Hanquan. The Yellow Emperor led the clans with wild beasts such as bears, pigs, pis, pi, and tigers as totems to participate in the battle, defeated the Yandi tribe, and entered the Yellow River Valley. Since then, the Yellow Emperor tribe settled in the Central Plains and quickly developed. Historical records record that "there are 25 sons of the Yellow Emperor, and 14 of them have surnames, which are 12 surnames", indicating that these tribes formed a huge tribal alliance. The descendants of the Yellow Emperor merged with other tribes to form the Chinese nation, and the Xuanyuan clan of the Yellow Emperor is regarded as the ancestor of the Chinese people. Later, the Chinese called themselves "descendants of the Yellow Emperor".

It is for this reason that later generations pass many inventions and creations as the merits of the Yellow Emperor, saying that he used jade as weapons, built boats, chariots, bows and arrows, and dyed five-colored clothes. He asked his wife to teach the people to raise silkworms. He ordered the minister Cangjie to make words, Da Luo to make cadres, Linglun to make musical instruments, and so on. These legends are not very reliable, and we can only understand that there was great progress in the production tools of the Yellow Emperor's time.

Shaohao, also known as Shaohao, surnamed himself, named Zhi, and poor Sang Emperor, is said to be a descendant of the Yellow Emperor, living in Qufu, Shandong. This tribe uses birds as totems, including the Wind Bird Clan, the Xuanwu Clan, and the Qingwu Clan, a total of 24 species. This could be a large tribe of twenty-four clans combined. The Shaohui clan is a branch of the Yellow Emperor clan that developed eastward.

颛顼, known as Gaoyang, lives in Puyang County, Henan Province, and is said to be a descendant of Changyi, the son of the Yellow Emperor. Ancient records; "There are eight talented people in the Gaoyang clan", maybe these are eight clans. He governed the Jiuli people's belief in witchcraft and the practice of worshipping ghosts and gods, and forced them to obey the Yellow Emperor's teachings. Later, the leader of a tribe, Gonggong, was very dissatisfied with Zhuan and angrily knocked down Buzhou Mountain with his head. Suddenly, the pillar holding the sky slanted, and the rope that bound the earth broke. Then the heavens tilted to the northwest, and the moon and stars moved; The land is hollowed in the southeast, and the rivers flow eastward. This means that the co-workers transformed nature and became the heroes of victory.

These ancient myths and legends vividly reflect the glorious tradition of industriousness, bravery, and wisdom of the Chinese nation, and profoundly illustrate that the initial civilization of human society was created through arduous struggles.

The Three Emperors and Five Emperors have not yet been accepted as real figures in history, and are still generally regarded as myths and legends. However, the era of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, as the name of the early stage of Chinese civilization, conforms to China's historical understanding and generally conforms to the ancient cultural outlook of archaeological discoveries, and should become the landmark name of the Xia Dynasty in the stage of Chinese social development.

The era of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors is not just 3+5=8, the number of emperors should be dozens, and its age should be from about 6000 BC to about 2000 BC, and the standard of civilization cannot be one-size-fits-all. According to archaeological finds, the Shang Dynasty production tools were mainly stone tools. So much so that there was a conclusion that "the Shang Dynasty was a primitive society". On the contrary, it is entirely possible that the exquisite jade, pottery, and bone tools with special significance from 7 to 8,000 years ago could have been used as sacrificial and royal weights. The Inca Empire adopted knotted chronicles and had no common writing, but this did not in any way affect the nature of its state. China has a vast territory, and the time when various tribes in various regions entered the era of civilization is not synchronized, there are examples of countries that were established 5,000 years ago, and there are examples of primitive societies 50 years ago. In the early stage of Yangshao culture, there was a germination of patrilineal society, and the middle and late stages were patrilineal societies, which were consistent with the patrilineal inheritance of the Shennong lineage, and Xuanyuan at the end of the Yandi period was still at the end of the matrilineal society, and moved to the Americas to retain the legacy of matriarchy, which fully proved the asynchronous development of different tribes.

The development of civilization is a gradual process. About 8,000 years ago, the Taihao and Fuxi eras should have been low-level civilizations. According to the archaeological cultures such as Jiahu culture, Laoguantai culture, Xinglongwa culture, Peiligang culture, Houli culture, Pengtoushan culture, Hemudu culture, etc., the cultural outlook of various places is different. Xinglongwa culture has the world's earliest clothing, the earliest jade, and the earliest village. The early settlement of the Xinglong depression was about 24,000 square meters, concentrated in a ring moat with a circumference of about 570 meters. There are a total of 8 rows of houses, about 10 in each row, the general house area is 50-80 square meters, and the two houses in the middle are about 140 square meters each. The large house was a place of public activity, which was already a reflection of the prosperity of the matriarchal society. The Jiahu culture, some still known as the first phase of the Peiligang culture, reveals more specifically the whole picture of social life at that time, including detailed scenes of religious activities. There was already the germ of a patrilineal society.

About 6,000 years ago, the archaeological culture of various places appeared in the city site, bronze and other phenomena that meet the standards of foreign civilization. Daxi Culture Chengtou Mountain Ruins (in Lixian County, Hunan), there is the earliest known city site in China, the layout of the division in the city is obvious, the ground is paved with river clay blocks, there are wells, and there is a special pottery workshop area. Majiayao culture has copper slag and bronze knife, Yijing culture has copper slag, regardless of whether the discovery of bronze is accidental, the discovery is a fact, should be called the original Bagua calendar of the eight-pointed star pattern appeared in East China during this period, they represent China's "Hetu", "Luoshu", is the manifestation of the calendar, the Yangshao culture in the Yellow River Basin extended to a very wide area, should be the embodiment of the world of Shennong's king. The phenomenon of the houses facing the central square represents the people's perception of the tribal (early Chinese?) centripetal force.

Around 5,000 years ago, the number of city sites in various places increased, and many areas entered the national stage. The palace-like architecture of Dadiwan, the "luxurious" house of Yuchi Temple, the relics and bronzes of Lingjiatan and Hongshan culture smelting bronze, show that China did indeed appear as a state 5,000 years ago. However, this kind of large-scale cultural brilliance is not as extensive as the "great unification" of Yangshao culture. Historical Records. The Five Emperors Benji said that the Yellow Emperor "did not taste the peaceful residence", and the conquest continued, and it seems that there was no result of a unified culture like the Shennong clan, which should be attributed to the great development of local culture and the preservation of individuality.

Shao Hao did not occupy the throne, and the "Historical Records" and "Bamboo Book Chronicles" are the same, but Shao Hao transmitted the culture to the Americas, and the time should be 3114 BC according to the starting point of the Mayan calendar. This time, in turn, can show that the Yellow Emperor lived more than 5,000 years ago, and there are already views that go back 5,000 and 5,500 years ago. The latter is more credible. The "Goddess Temple" of Hongshan Culture should be dedicated to real people, not fictional gods. The matriarchal society practiced totem worship, and even if it worshiped the ancestors of women, it should be a later thing. Mr. Wang Dayou pointed out that the shape of the jade of Hongshan culture is related to the totem of the Yellow Emperor family. These patterns and shapes are by no means art for art's sake, but are the product of religion. According to the Weishu and the Historical Records. Feng Zen Book" quotes, the Yellow Emperor should have ten generations, hundreds of years. After retreating to northern North China, the Yellow Emperor clan declined. In North China, Emperor Yu, Yao, and Shun became kings one after another. From the perspective of archaeological culture, during this period, the Longshan culture had a prosperous situation. When it was the era of Yao Shunyu. The documentation of this period is relatively rich, but the archaeological work is not sufficient. There is a written text in Longshan culture, but there is no original historical record left at that time. As a chronological framework, it is not easier to do than the Xia Dynasty. If you want to tell the age of each king, you can't get to the exact date without new discoveries.

Since Yu Jishun is the co-master, the double heirloom is the "family of the world", and without the "revolution", there will be no essential drastic changes in archaeological culture. The age of Longshan culture is determined to be 2600-2000 BC, and the total reign of Yao Shunyu will not exceed 200 years, but 2600-2200 BC is generally regarded as the Yao Shun era, and 400 years cannot only belong to the era of two or three kings. The controversy over the transitional typology between the Erlitou culture and the Longshan culture does not affect the "preconceived" research results, because there are already documented materials in this period for reference. Above Yao Shun, the activity center of Zhuan and Emperor Yu is in Henan and the surrounding areas, and whether it is as stated in Weishu should be paid attention to for several generations. The ancients have long pointed out that the "Left Biography. "The Eighteenth Year of Duke Wen" said that "there are eight talented people in the Gaoyang clan...... There are eight talented people in the Gaoxin clan...... These sixteen clans, the Associated Press, do not lose their name, so that Yao". It means that Gao Xin to Yao is not the first or second generation, if the "eighth generation" and Yao are the sons of the emperor, it is not a "clan", "the world is beautiful, not its name". The fact that the ancestors of Xia, Shang and Zhou lived in the same era reflects the pattern under the "national alliance".

It is generally believed that the first year of the Yellow Emperor was 2697 or 2698 BC. This is extrapolated from the literature. Nearly a thousand years late, actually. It is this result that has led the academic community to include the Yellow Emperor, Yao, Shun, and Yu in the legends of 4,000 years ago.

The early stage of the study of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors is the stage of the beginning of civilization, and archaeological discoveries should focus on "different", that is, the first thing to show a higher culture. The later period is a stage of high development of civilization, and archaeological discoveries should focus on "sameness", that is, commonality. The focus should not be limited to the Central Plains. The process of civilization in western Liaoning, Sichuan and other places can be called a special representative of ancient China. Literature shows that in antiquity the places were more connected than one might think. The Pangu King Table has a certain research value, and the ancient history of the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" focuses on the era of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, because the scope of its description is very broad, it is difficult for those who have not conducted in-depth research to believe. In fact, the record of the scope of activities of the Chinese ancestors in the Classic of Mountains and Seas is credible. North Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific Islands are China's first == key areas of activity, and the study of archaeology, language, folklore, and the physique of ancient and modern inhabitants (which can now be added to genes) is an important means to increase our understanding of ancient history. The study of ancient American civilizations with preconceived purposes and the right approach is a necessary part of a comprehensive study of ancient Chinese history.

Totems are important information of historical value. Most of the "myths" in the "Historical Records" are true reflections of totem worship. Historical Records. Qin Benji": "Da Lian's great-grandson Meng opera, Zhongyan, bird body and human language." Emperor Taiwu heard and made the emperor, auspicious, so that the emperor and his wife. ...... "In the early Shang Dynasty, there were still people with bird bodies as emperors? It is not credible, but this is how its descendants know. Most of the "strange" in the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" are descriptions of totem images. These systematic records can be called totemic versions of ancient Chinese history. In particular, the records of the lineage of Emperor Yan and Emperor Huangdi are different from other documents. The distribution of the Kuafu monkey totem is as far as North Asia and the Americas, and there is archaeological evidence of the extra-large settlement of Lingbao Yangshao culture, which shows that Kuafu does have considerable strength. A branch of the Yellow Emperor is called the Korean Wave, the pig totem, and there is no book such as "Historical Records", but the "Bamboo Chronicle" has a "dry famine" corresponding to it. The extraordinary pig totems of the Kaoliangzhu culture and the Hongshan culture show that the Korean Wave exists and has considerable influence. Yaoshi's "Feng Feng" is also a pig totem. If textual evidence may not be found, totemic evidence has been preserved. This is a fortunate event in ancient Chinese history. I hope that more experts like Mr. Wang Dayou will integrate the totem description into the ancient history of the evidence, and not let down the "Classic of Mountains and Seas"!

For the culture of the era of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, archaeology may not be able to reproduce the original appearance. Scholars have verified that Fuxi's gossip is credible according to the divination of the Jiahu site. According to the Historical Records. The Book of Heavenly Officials and the reality of the Iroquois and Maya show that the Yellow Emperor's examination of the ephemeris, Xi and Zhan Yue, Chang Xi Zhan Yue, and Chi You Ming Dao are historical facts. The Twenty-Eight Sutras were produced very early, and it is true that they were already in use during the time of the Yellow Emperor. Documentation can be verified by means other than archaeology, and focusing on excavations can sometimes underestimate the level of ancient culture.

It is our responsibility to understand the ins and outs of the origin and development of Chinese civilization. The ancient history of China can no longer be "confused" and obscure. The view that doubts the early stage of Chinese civilization, the era of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, must be persuaded by multidisciplinary and multi-angle empirical evidence.

The so-called Three Emperors, namely the Suiren era (50,000-15,000-7724 BC), the Fuxi era (7724-5008 BC), the Yan Emperor Shennong? Yu era (5000-4513 BC). The era of the Five Emperors, namely the era of the Yellow Emperor (4513-4050 BC), the era of Zhuan Xuan (4050-3380 BC), and the era of Yao Shunyu (3380-2073 BC). The author has made various chronologies, which provide a reliable basis for the chronicle of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, and open up a new world for the study of ancient Chinese history.

In the era of Emperor Yan, the clan of Emperor Yan had entered the farming society, and the clan of the Yellow Emperor was still a nomadic people, and the farming nation was not heroic enough, and the nomads were brave and combative, so the Yellow Emperor defeated Emperor Yan and entered the Central Plains, becoming the source of the Chinese nation. The author believes that treating the Yellow Emperor as orthodox is a feudal historiography. Today, we call it "the descendants of Yan and Huang", which is actually the union of Emperor Yan and the Yellow Emperor, and it is also a symbol of the unity of the Chinese nation. The author calls for the liquidation of pseudo-schools such as the "Debate on Ancient History" and the national dogmatism of Western cultural models.

The historical sequence of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors era:

(1) Suiren era (15,000 years ~ 7724 years B•C). Chinese civilization originated in Kunlun Hill, Suiren clan in Kunlun Mountain (now Gansu Heli Mountain, Longshou Mountain, "Classic of Mountains and Seas" contains Kunlun Mountain here) set up a heavenly table, as Tianqi, establish the North Pole of the sky, by? Zi's Leize clan (when living in Longshou Mountain, Shandan River), created the "River Map" and "Luo Shu" of the knotted rope calendar, which was the era of the Big Dipper Nine Stars Hanglang, and was created in 14,800~14,700 years according to the calculation of the precession of the chapter.

(2) Fuxi era (7724~5008 B•C). According to the "Yi" emperor out of the shock, Jianyin as Meng Chun, 28 Su began in the big horn, the horn, according to the chapter movement precession calculation of 7750 ~ 7675 B • C called the emperor, corrected to 7724 B • C. According to the ancient song of the Miao nationality, Fuxi called the emperor "Luo Feng", 7724 BC was the first year of Luo Feng, the first capital of Yuzhong, moved to Luo, and then moved to Chencang, Huashan Niujiuyuan, Wangwu Mountain, Bangji Gong Mountain. The second chapter of the Chu Silk Book of Changsha in the south of the Han Dynasty contains the genealogy of the Fuxi clan. Henan Wuyang Jiahu site is the site of Taihao, since 7000 ~ 5800 B.C., a total of 1200 years, found 25 characters, 25 seven-tone scale bone flutes, as well as Yazhang, white turtle, etc., spread in the south in Huaihe Qingliangang culture Longqiuzhuang, developed into Dawenkou culture. The early calendar of the upper Yuan Dynasty of Fuxi is 104 + 4617 = 4721 BC, and it has entered the era of Shennong.

(3) Yandi • Shennong • Chiyou era (5000~4513 B • C). Dadiwan-Laoguantai Culture-Yangshao North Shouling Banpo Culture is Yandi Shennong's Culture; Cishan • Feiligang • Longqiuzhuang • Beixin culture is the culture of Chiyou. Guizhou Anshun Guanling Hongya Danshu is the Yandi family from Liupan Mountain south to Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan Gonggong branch of the genealogy, "Classic of Mountains and Seas" contains the genealogy of the ninth Emperor Yan, the ninth is Kuafu, when he lived in Tongguan to Lingbao 300 miles Taolin Saikuafu Eight Societies (camp); The eighth generation of Shennong's name is Yu Gang (Shenlu), Qicunwan, Chenliu, and Qufu in Lushi County, Henan; Chiyou and Gonggong are based on Jin, Ji and Lu. Chiyou died and was buried in Puyang Xishuipo M45, when 4515~4510 BC.

(4) The era of the Yellow Emperor (4513~4050 B•C). "The Four Classics of the Yellow Emperor" was unearthed, recording the war between the Yellow Emperor and the glaze and the war between the Yellow Emperor and the Gonggong (then known as Nirvana). Zhuolu, Hebei Province has the Yellow Emperor City, Chiyou City, Chi Glaze, Hanquan Zhiye Zhang Gongquan (Gonggong Han surname Zhang), Busan Huimeng Shi Yangshao Cultural Site. The Hongshan culture is the culture of the Yellow Emperor people.

(5) Shaohao Zhuan era (4050~3380 B•C). Shandong Dawenkou culture and Jiangsu Lianyungang Yuntai Mountain General rock carving text, astronomical calendar calendar is Shaohao culture. The type of Dahe Village of Yangshao Culture in Henan Province is the Zhuan Stork Dou culture, which began from 4000 B•C, and the third phase was 3685±125 B•C. The cultural characteristics of this period were transplanted intact in the Santa Barbara Bay area of California, North America, in 3641~3113 B•C, which is the year of the Mayan calendar, that is, the era when the people of Shaohao and Shandong migrated to the Americas. Later, the Stork Dou clan moved to the ancient city of Xishan in Zhengzhou. Yangshao culture: the early Miaodigou culture is its culture. The Gonggong clan lived in the upper reaches of the Zhuozhang River (still known today).

(6) Emperor Yu Emperor Zhi Emperor Yao Shunyu era (3380~2073 B•C). The second phase of the Yangshao culture and the early Longshan culture are the Diyu culture (3380~2799 B•C), and the typical Longshan culture is the Dizhiyao Shunyu culture. Di Yao 2357 B • C is the throne, Di Shun 2136 ~ 2100 B • C (including regent) is the throne, Di Yu 2103 ~ 2073 B • C, (including regent) is the throne. Xia Qi kept filial piety for three years, and became the emperor in 2070, which was the beginning of the Xia Dynasty (dynasty). Therefore, 2070 BC is the first year of Xia.

How was 2070 BC calculated?

1. Qin destroyed the Western Zhou in 256 BC and the Eastern Zhou in 249 BC, taking this as the starting point for calculation.

2. In the year 867 of Zhou, 496 years of Shang ("Bamboo Book Chronicle"), and 471 years of Xia Ji ("Bamboo Book Chronicle"), the sum of the three generations is 249 + 867 + 496 + 471 = 2083 years (B•C).

3. Jin Emperor Fu Mi's "Imperial Century" is 629 years in the Shang Dynasty and 432 years in the Xia Dynasty (Liu Xin's "Three Unification Calendars" in the Western Han Dynasty), and the sum of the three generations is 249 + 867 + 629 + 432 = 2177 years (B • C).

4. Take 2083 BC as the lower limit of the era of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors. Why not take 2177 as the lower bound? This involves the chronological positioning of the five emperors and the flood disaster of Yao Shunyu's flood control. The solution to this problem is determined by the dating of archaeological cultures. Based on the genealogy of archaeological age C14 dating and tree-ring correction dating, from about 10,000 years ago to around 4,000 years ago (around 2000 B.C.), a continuous genealogy of natural development is sorted out according to time and regional type. For example, the chronological data of different sites in different regions of Longshan culture, the more detailed the data periodization, the more data, and the smaller the chronological error. The beginning and end of the same cultural type are almost at the same chronological point. It is also found that the beginning and end times of cultural types in different regions in the same historical period have the same pattern. In this way, the most recent date at the chronological point is taken as the absolute age. This absolute age, removing the ± value, is the key point of the historical era.

Thereupon:

1. According to the termination point of Longshan culture and Liangzhu culture, it is determined to be the starting point of Yao's flood, and then according to the literature records, the memorabilia of Yao Shunyu's water control (including Gonggong, Kun, etc.) is determined.

2. The flood age of the Longshan culture and Liangzhu culture is about 2200~2208 BC, which can be determined with reference to hydroarchaeological data. According to this, the lower limit of Emperor Yu in 2177 of Liu Xin and Huangfu Mi was discarded.

3. According to the restoration of the archaeological astronomy of the four stars in the Yaodian, it is estimated that the date of its observation is 2357 BC, the date of Dingyao's ascension to the throne.

4. In Sima Qian's "Records of the Five Emperors" and other classics, the lifespan of the five emperors such as Yao Shunyu is 100 years, and the reign ranges from a few decades to nearly a hundred years, which obviously mixes the reign of the clan with the personal government, so we try to separate the clan from the individual and give their relative chronology and memorabilia. But it's hard to divide it very finely. Therefore, Yu, Shun, Yao, and Zhi are treated as both clan and clan leaders, following the traditional "conventional" saying, and doing coordination or harmony corresponding to archaeological culture. But in a strictly historiographical sense, this may be incomplete, and it seems that only this step can be achieved at the moment. This may be a "tail" to be cut slowly later.

Fourth, the chronological study of the Three Emperors and the Five Emperors

According to the data analysis of the C14 series of archaeological cultures, there are different types of archaeological regions in the same chronological span in ancient China, which have the same characteristics of diachronic phases. There are different cultures at the top and bottom, and this cultural transformation is consistent with the era of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors.

The phases of Longshan culture-Liangzhu culture, Yangshao culture-Dawenkou culture-Hongshan culture, Dadiwan culture-Cishan culture-Feiligang culture that are clearly shown in the archaeological chronology all end with the flood disasters in the same period in ancient times. Therefore, it can be affirmed that the change of different cultural types was caused by the ancient flood and the advance and retreat of the sea, and at the same time triggered the change of the era of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, that is, natural disasters led to the change of royal families and the change of inhabitants moving in and out. This makes us understand why the migration of ancient peoples, from east to west, from south to north, cultural sites are all in mounds, ruins, piles, mounds, etc. on the terraces. The premise of a reasonable historical explanation that fits the living environment and the time and space of existence is found. Then the birth of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors is a hero who stood up in the face of natural disasters and man-made disasters; The era of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors was the continuation of more brilliant human culture and civilization wisdom after overcoming natural disasters. At the same time, the era span of the three emperors and five emperors in the literature is positioned.

The transformation of Chinese archaeological cultural types occurred simultaneously with the creation and geographical migration of ancient clan cultures, and ended with the periodicity of ancient astrology, paleoclimate, marine hydrological curves, and floods, which is rooted in the periodicity of 25,800 years (26,000) of precession and the periodicity of the four seasons of the universe. The discovery of this law solves the problem of how chronology and clan belong to the literature and classics, archaeological and cultural types, and restores ancient history for the study of ancient history. According to the chronological coordinates provided by the typology, stratigraphy and C14 data of archaeological culture, and the determined ethnic coordinates provided by totem inscriptions, symbols, characters, astrological names and place names, the historical documents, paleoclimate, ancient ocean water level, flood cycle, etc. can be restored to the ancient history. After the end of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the five emperors were inevitable. Then the ancient history of the three emperors and five emperors of China, no matter who writes it, is imperative.

"Historical Records: The First Emperor's Benji" contains Li Si's recital: "In ancient times, there were emperors, there were emperors, there were emperors of Thailand, and the emperor of Thailand was the most expensive. "The reason why this Thai emperor is the most expensive is because it refers to the human emperor. This three emperors of heaven, earth, and man is a general concept, and after concretizing it, several opinions appear. One opinion calls the three emperors Fuxi, Nuwa, and Shennong; Another opinion calls the Three Emperors Fuxi, Shennong, and Suiren; The third opinion calls the three emperors Fuxi, Shennong, and Zhurong; There is also an opinion that the Three Emperors are Fuxi, Shennong, and Gonggong. Among these opinions, Fuxi and Shennong are widely recognized, while the rest have different opinions. Nuwa has saved mankind because of her mending the sky, and her contribution is indispensable; The flint people drill wood to make fire, so that people can taste the delicious cooked food, which can be described as a graceful Mount Tai; Zhurong "Jedi to the sky" can divide the realm of man and god, and its merits cover thousands of years; In a fit of anger, the co-workers broke the pillar of heaven and made the heavens and the earth change suddenly, which is really powerful. These four can be regarded as heroes who created the world, and their kung fu is indistinguishable, and it is difficult to determine who can occupy the position of one of the three emperors. Speaking of the Five Emperors, there are also different views. One of them called the five emperors as the Yan Emperor, the Yellow Emperor, the Emperor Xuan, the Tai ¥, and the Shao ¥; The second is called the five emperors as the Yellow Emperor, Zhuan, Emperor Yu, Yao, and Shun. Among them, the two emperors of Yan and Huang have been recognized by everyone, and the rest need to be verified. He was the son of the Yellow Emperor's second son, Changyi, and Di Yao was the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and his eldest son, Xuan Huan, and Di Yao was the grandson of the Yellow Emperor's grandson. They are all derived from the Yellow Emperor, and it seems that they should only occupy one of the five emperors. Shun is because Yao Chan let succeed to the throne, and has no blood relationship with the Yellow Emperor, so he should occupy a place.