The common law is prevalent in the United Kingdom, and the common law does not mean that it is universally applicable throughout the country, and the main feature of the law is that the common people form a judgment panel, and the judges decide cases mainly on the basis of previous cases, rather than on the basis of jurisprudence or legislation.

In other words, it is not a written code, unlike the legal system of Chinese mainland.

Originally, before the conquest of Normandy, England had a wide range of judicial practices, which varied greatly from place to place.

For example, in the Kent region, 50 setas were paid for tearing off someone's hair; 12 shillings for cutting off someone else's ear; 20 shillings for cutting off someone's thumb; The compensation for the chicken that hurts others is three people, and one person's compensation is equivalent to the price of buying a wife.

In Berkshire, if a suspect is guilty of arson, murder, and 36 people take an oath to prove his innocence, then he will be acquitted.

In such a society, the untrustworthy are betrayed by everyone, and one person can gather 36 witnesses to swear his innocence, which means that there are a considerable number of helpers in the event of a dispute, and such an "honored" person needs to be respected in society, and at the same time, such a person has a strong incentive to maintain his honor.

When both parties swear their innocence, things get in trouble.

In other places, when no conclusive evidence can be found, "divine decision" is used.

The priest presided over the Divine Judgment, which consisted of two methods: one was to have the suspect walk a few steps with a soldering iron in his hand and then apply oil to bandage, and after three days the wound would be guilty if it suppurated; 2. Tie up the suspect and put him in holy water, and those who float up are guilty, and those who sink are not guilty.

Of course, the most famous dueling method is also famous.

All this, the chaos of the law, did not conform to the centralization of royal power, and in 1154, Henry II succeeded to the throne, and he chose to establish the king's prestige through law.

And, in 1166, the Royal Circuit Court was established, and the judges roamed the country to ensure that the law worked well in the county courts, and at the same time collected the king's fines, and these judges, who were important ministers of the king, investigated the operation of the county courts, and how much of the fine belonged to the king.

As a result, a national code of law, adjudication panels, local and central courts, and groups of judges who share knowledge and experience with each other were formalized in England.

And all this, with the establishment of the royal court in Scotland, this custom was also brought to Scotland.

On this day, the trial of Baron Rooney's embezzlement of the veterans' land was officially opened in the county court in Dumfries.

This court session attracted the attention of the entire Scottish people.

The civilians are concerned about whether Field, as a weak commoner, can win this case, in the face of the powerful baron.

The nobles, on the other hand, did not care whether this victory was or not, they cared about what the consequences would be in the end, and hoped that they could control it.

First, a grand jury of twelve people decides whether to appeal.

Of course, this went smoothly under the arrangement of the royal court.

The royal court, which was divided into the Court of the Throne (for criminal cases), the civil court and the chessboard court (for financial cases), was combined into one court due to judicial reform, with different judges.

When it came to the trial stage, the judge of the chessboard court wore a hood and conducted the trial with a blank face.

Offstage, the defendant naturally would not be Baron Rooneyer, and the butler could only stand there with a big belly, his face expressionless, but his chaotic eyes revealed his panic.

The royal court, it was his first time to come, especially the appearance of these judges, which made him feel flustered.

The plaintiff next to him was Field, who had a serious expression on his face, and he was not sure about this case.

After all, he was just a retired soldier, and he was facing Baron Rooney, an aristocratic lord.

Compared to him, he is still too weak.

But he knew that outside the courtroom, hundreds of people were supporting him, and he would definitely win.

The justice, wearing glasses, glanced at the two of them, then waved his hammer and called the trial open.

Then, the lawyers on both sides began to argue.

"Your Excellency, according to Case No. 99 thirty years ago......

Above, we believe that the land should be owned by Baron Rooneil! ”

The lawyer hired by His Excellency the Baron was in his forties, experienced and sophisticated, and did not seem to be easy to mess with.

Field, on the other hand, could only bring in young lawyers from the Bar School, which was cheap and easy to use.

But although they are young people, they still talk eloquently, there is no nervousness or abnormality, and the ethics of the position are very good.

In the thirteenth century, lawyers were born, and the four major law firms have been producing qualified barsters, namely the Bar College (public), the Temple Church in London (the Church), the Gray Lawyers College (private), and the Lincoln Inn's School (private).

Then the defendant plaintiff engaged in a heated and spilled argument, and the lawyers for both sides began to argue.

But, as if it were a matter of routine, the argument was not heated, and to Field's surprise, he won.

His Excellency the Chancellor stood up, and all the jury and all the others stood up to hear the final proclamation of the judge:

"This court declares that in this trial of Baron Rooneyer's case of land encroachment, Baron Rooney's side lost the case, and the encroached land will be returned in full, and the court fee of twenty pounds will be paid by Baron Rooney!"

In the end, the chief justice showed a smile, and he didn't know if he was happy because the commoners had defeated the nobles, or because he had the court fee.

Field finally smiled happily, and it was a victory for the civilians.

The butler, on the other hand, bowed his head and reluctantly retreated, and he was thinking about how to explain it to the Baron.

When the news broke, the Scottish civilians showed their joy, this was not just a personal victory for Field, but a victory for the common people.

Although the nobles didn't care about this victory, the nobles were defeated by the commoners, and they were also disgraced.

Half a month, while all the court judges and consuls, as well as the nobles waited, the results were finally in.

One after another, commoners went to the royal court to litigate, and of course, none of them dared to sue the nobles.

After seeing the advantages of the court over the aristocracy, the royal court gradually became the main force of Scottish justice, and the judicial power of the nobility was almost lost every day.

It can be expected that the days of the nobility of England are not far off.

Taking advantage of this opportunity, the Scottish ruler William. Sersi submitted his arguments to the Scottish Parliament on the long-standing abolition of serfdom.

"This extremely criminal and outdated vassal system needs to be erased from Scotland, completely and unreservedly abolished, and Scotland a truly civilized country!"

Standing on the podium of the Parliament, William. Selsey made such a deafening sound that it shook the whole parliament and the whole of Scotland.