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For the study of the mysterious Zeus powder, Ptolemy III promised a reward of a thousand silver. The maesters didn't care about the great reward, but the alchemists were almost completely insane, and they worked day and night studying the powder in the hope of finding a way to recognize it and imitate it.

As one of the most eminent alchemists, Maria was not content to be left behind, and from the first day she separated the sulfur and charcoal, and the solution cooled down to form crystals, she guessed that it was a certain kind of salt. As expected, this is indeed salt, which is not uncommon, but there are so many types of salt that it takes time to sift through them.

Gunpowder was a Chinese invention, but some Westerners claimed that gunpowder did not originate independently, and that the Greek fires used in Byzantium contained saltpeter, so arguments between the two sides were inevitable. In fact, there is no record of saltpeter in the study of Greek fire, and at the same time, Chinese historians have not found saltpeter records in Byzantine Latin documents or Arabic documents in Arabic, and even saltpeter has not been recorded in the writings of the ancient Romans and ancient Greeks.

The Latin word 'Nitrum' comes from the Greek 'νιτρων', which in turn comes from the Hebrew 'neter', which means soda, or sodium carbonate. The Hebrew word 'neter' is supposed to originally come from the Egyptian word 'netjeri', and the ancient Egyptians used soda to wash their clothes. The Roman historian Pliny called the '...... An effective fertilizer that promotes the growth of countless plants such as radish 'doesn't have to be saltpeter. The Greek fire containing saltpeter is obviously a Korean-style slap, which is something that has absolutely no evidence.

However, there are no records of saltpeter in Latin, Arabic, and ancient Greek, so there are no records of saltpeter in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics earlier than ancient Greek, and cuneiform writing earlier than Egyptian hieroglyphs?

Alchemy originated in the third century B.C., and after a few hundred years of development, it was abolished by the Roman Emperor Diocletian in 292 A.D., and all the writings related to alchemy were burned. In 395 AD, the Roman Empire split into Eastern and Western Rome, and in 476 Western Rome fell, and scientific writings, including alchemy, became extinct in the West; Although the Eastern Roman Empire inherited some scientific heritage and traditions, many scientists fled to the East due to religious persecution, and there were several academic centers in the plains of Mesopotamia and Persia.

In the seventh century, the rise of religion was accompanied by the Arabs who began to conquer Western Asia. The Arabs did not attach much importance to science at first, and after the army under Amr ibn al-Ass occupied Alexandria, they ordered that books other than the Qur'an should not be preserved, so the books of the Library of Alexandria were burned for six months in more than 4,000 public baths.

Alchemy was reborn only later, in the eighth century AD, when the caliph began to encourage the development of science following the example of the ancient rulers. A full century passed in the ninth century, and by the tenth century Arab science was at its peak in Baghdad. It was only through the Crusades in the eleventh century that barbaric and ignorant Europe began to formally come into contact with Arab science, and in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, a large number of Arabic writings were translated into European languages, and science and scientific traditions were reintroduced to Europe.

Arabia and Europe, as barbarians, do not have written records of saltpeter completely normal; Greek fire is said to have been invented in 688 AD, when the ashes from the books of the Library of Alexandria were sprinkled into the fields and the trees planted could be used as beams.

However, in the 30th century BC, the Sumerian inscriptions recorded saltpeter (potassium nitrate) [note 25] and miraculously discovered a chemical method for purifying potassium nitrate [note 26]; In the 20th century BCE, the pharmacopoeia of the Third Dynasty of your recorded potassium nitrate, as well as the process of purifying potassium nitrate [Note 27];

Thereafter, the Adeka people also used to purify potassium nitrate, dividing it into white, black, male, female, washed, uncleaned, etc.[note 28] and using it to make 'copper-lead' glass and 'akkadian copper'[note 29]; The later Assyrians, the Doctor's Desk Reference, listed about 120 minerals, the most common of which was potassium nitrate, which was known to be used as a hemostatic coagulant [note 30];

In Egypt, in order to preserve the corpse and remove the internal organs after death, the corpse was soaked in a saltpeter (potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate) solution for 70 days [Note 31]. Although saltpeter is easily confused with Nitrum sodium carbonate in ancient records, sodium carbonate does not have the ability to preservative, but potassium nitrate is used in meat to easily produce potassium nitrite, potassium nitrite is toxic, but it is miraculous when used for preservatives, and the famous Spam luncheon meat has a small amount of nitrite.

In general, saltpeter is found in Western Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean, and is known to people, especially alchemists, but it is only found in Western Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean from the 30th century BC to the Roman Empire. Technological degradation was not uncommon in the context of barbarian invasions, and the West once again knew that saltpeter came from the far East, which is why the Arabs called saltpeter 'Chinese snow'.

This may also be the reason why Hassan Rama Najim-din Ahdab recorded in detail the method of chemical purification of saltpeter in the 'first' detailed text in the Encyclopedia of Equestrian and War Strategies. More than 4,000 years ago, the Sumerians recorded how to chemically purify potassium nitrate, which should have been left in the surviving texts or oral traditions of alchemists, otherwise it is difficult to explain why there was no chemical purification method in China, where gunpowder was invented, and there was a chemical purification method in Syria, where gunpowder was not invented.

In the records of "Equestrian and War Strategy", the formula of firearms and gunpowder is Chinese, with strong Chinese blood, but the chemical purification of saltpeter is not recorded in Chinese classics.

Until the Yuan Dynasty, the famous doctor Zhu Zhenheng used radish to purify miscanthus nitrate in his "Danxi Heart Method", that is, boiled with miscanthus solution and radish slices to absorb the magnesium sulfate in miscanthus nitrate, and in the Ming Dynasty, this method was popularized and used in the purification of saltpeter, MgSO4·7H2O has strong deliquescent, and the gunpowder made of saltpeter containing this impurity is easy to deliquescent and fail.

This has caused a very strange result, the invention of gunpowder in China has been using impure saltpeter, across the water in Japan, because gunpowder is not directly imported from China, it was in 1543 that three Portuguese were lost to Tanegashima, Japan learned to make gunpowder and arquebus (that is, the iron cannon to the west incident), the Maori family saltpeter purification also used chemical purification methods.

Compared to the history of only 2,000 years A.D., the history of BC is as long as 4 to 5,000 years. It must not be forgotten that the concept of Western dynasties is similar to that of Eastern empires, with the pre-Egyptian dynasties beginning in 3100 BC, which is equivalent to the Qin and Han empires beginning in 221 BC. And any unified dynasty is preceded by thousands of years of the age of nations.

In the fifth or sixth millennium B.C., the knowledge and exploration of the world began. This kind of cognition and exploration, although rough, has left a first-hand record. The Sumerians, Egyptians, Babylonians, Akkadians, Assyrians, Ancient Greeks\Persians, Ancient Romans, Ancient Arabs, Medieval Europeans, all the way to the modern Anglo-Americans, this is the path of succession.

Compared with the independent Chinese civilization, it seems to be the child of a poor family, and has not inherited such a rich inheritance. Therefore, the so-called system, the so-called race, the so-called civilization, the so-called quality ......, everything is fake, and it is the old man and the cheating father that are real.

Xiong Jing, who was thousands of miles away, didn't know that his father had already lost, and the purity of saltpeter purified by the recrystallization method of Chu State was only 65%, and the alchemist Maria of Alexandria Research Park was recrystallized and chemically purified, and the purity of saltpeter exceeded 95%. The problem of saltpeter was solved, and with the less accurate sulfur and charcoal, the gunpowder was as powerful as the British army suppressed the Manchus in the Opium War.

Ptolemy III, who was meeting with the envoys of Qinni, trembled with excitement when he heard the saltpeter cracked by Zeus's powder. So much so that Meng Yi looked at him inexplicably, could it be that the Egyptian monarch was crazy?

Ptolemy III, Lysimachus, and Doceseos whispered for a long time before making a final decision. Ptolemy III said: "What I want to tell my envoys is that the alchemists of our country know exactly what is in the powder. ”

"Acquaintance?" Meng Yi was shocked when he heard the translation, and the person almost jumped up from the uncomfortable chair.

"Yes." Ptolemy III blinked, trying to restrain his agitation. "What I want to know is, how can Qinni promise not to tell the secrets of Zeus Thunder to other countries? Like my enemy Seleucus? ”

Ptolemy III's question is on the point, such a powerful weapon naturally cannot be told to other countries, Qinni is Chuni's enemy, Chuni is robbing Egypt's spices, so Qinni is Egypt's friend. Can it be done later? If Chini defeats Chuni, will he tell Bactria the secret of the thunder, and will Bactria tell Seleucus that the two countries are now negotiating an alliance.

"Your Majesty, don't worry about this." Meng Yi didn't know how to answer, and Zaras spoke. "Separated by deserts and steppes, it is impossible for the two countries to be at war, let alone to be enemies of Egypt. Bactria allied with Seleucus to fight the Parni in the steppe, and even if the secret reached Bactria, the king would reveal it to the Seleucids. ”

"And what about the Macedonians?" Dorseios smiled and asked Ptolemy III as he was about to believe it.

"We are Greeks, not Macedonians!" Zaras shouted. "The Macedonians are threatening the freedom of the Greek city-states, and how can the secrets of Zeus be told to the Macedonians?"

Zaras's shouting startled Docetheos, and Zaras said that the Greek city-states were allies of Egypt, which was why the Greek scholars rushed to Alexandria.

"You convinced me." Ptolemy III nodded. "I will keep my promise to share the secrets of Thunder with Qinni."

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