The speed of development of the Dinghai Navy is too fast, and with Zhao Xin's efforts, the entire Dinghai Navy has embarked on a completely different path, and some things that should not have appeared in this era have appeared, and these things have brought great differences to the Dingjun.

For example, combustible chemicals, kerosene, gasoline, diesel, these have appeared in the Dinghai Navy after petrochemical research, perhaps the scientific and technological level of the Dinghai Navy, can not produce higher grade fuel, but the basic is still OK, simple gasoline and diesel, as long as it is classified according to the melting point, maybe it will pollute a little more, but in the absence of a large number of motor vehicles, a little pollution is still acceptable.

These humans discovered oil very early, and the records of combustible black oil have been in the world for a long time, but most people regard him as a kind of demonic blood, sometimes as a bow and arrow to extract poison, and it is long before they know that it can be burned.

Oil has not been well utilized, the reason is very simple, under the premise of no scientific system, under the premise of not understanding compounds, human beings first come into contact with a chemical process, that is, combustion, combustion can not refine oil, pure oil, can be burned, but the ignition point is too high, not easy to ignite.

Human beings use fire, begin to eat cooked food, and gradually use fire to develop, for example, with a safe shelter, for example, with weapons to resist fierce beasts, wild animals are afraid of fire, that is in the bones, in the face of fire, few wild animals will pounce.

Also from the beginning of fire, human beings began to have the ability to smelt, temperature, is an important factor in the chemical reaction, but not all, whether it is other humans, or Chinese, they are more, is to use fire to calcinate, to refine various metals.

Perhaps here in the Northern Song Dynasty, the technology mastered is a little higher, the combustion temperature is very high, and the quality of smelting iron is very good, but calcination is not the only way.

Transpiration and condensation, the simplest method among the primitive three states, but not many primitive people know.

But this, for Zhao Xin, is not a problem at all, this is basic common sense.

Any substance in nature has three states, and iron smelting is also calcined to liquefy steel, remove impurities, and finally form, this application is regarded as calcination, rather than liquefied steel, after removing impurities, and then re-solidifying.

Zhao Xin knows that the technical indicators of the condensing tower are high, but it is simple to achieve, using the temperature, after the gasification of oil or other raw materials, the products obtained by condensation, and separated by different liquefaction temperatures, this is the basic petrochemical, using this, it is easy to get gasoline and diesel.

The condensation cracking of coal results in kerosene.

The same method can also be used to make salt, this era, the Northern Song Dynasty, boiling salt has also become a regular thing, some simple salt, also appeared, but these salts, mostly coarse salt, in the sea, there are many kinds of compounds, and there are some debris dissolved in water, these things, together are difficult to remove.

In fact, this is also the fundamental reason for the popularity of green salt in Western Xia, compared to sea salt, located in the salt lake of Western Xia, there are some relatively pure, but the existence of salt itself, this kind of thing, naturally is a high-priced product.

After the first boiling, the seawater is evaporated, and some compounds located in the seawater are analyzed by the fixed line, and then, after dissolving, through several layers of filtration, some insoluble in water, or larger molecules are analyzed, and after several layers of filtration, it is steamed and boiled, which is refined salt. ，

This kind of process is a very difficult process for the Northern Song Dynasty to understand, why they do this, they are a little unclear, but for Zhao Xin, this is basic common sense.

With extraction, filtration, different transpiration and condensation methods, you can get a relatively pure fine salt, which has not been greatly promoted because of the tariffs of the Northern Song Dynasty, but it is very popular in the Dinghai Navy.

When the Dinghai Navy was established, it was fought with the Third Division, if the Dinghai Navy produced salt, it could be included in the acquisition of the Third Division, and he could not sell it directly, which was the basic policy of the Northern Song Dynasty, and it was impossible to change it because of the Dinghai, but the Dinghai Navy itself ate salt, so it didn't matter, as long as the Dinghai Navy could produce it, there was no need to tax the Third Division.

In fact, this is also Ye Qingchen's mistake, he did not foresee the growth rate of the population of the Dinghai Navy, in the eyes of ordinary eyes, the Dinghai Navy is only 300 square kilometers, at best it is a small county, generally 2000 to 3000 households are too much, Zhao Xin is really amazing, that is, it is Shangxian, 10,000 households, but only tens of thousands of people, for the entire Northern Song Dynasty salt tax, a drop in the bucket.

Ye Qingchen did not expect that the Dinghai Navy would expand to 2 million people in a short period of time, and move towards 10 million in the future, the unique response speed of feudal society, even if it is 2 million people now, the final tax change may take a year or two, or even more, to reflect.

If the increase brought by the Dinghai Navy itself offsets the reduction in the salt tax, this time will be postponed even more, and if the Dinghai Navy takes the initiative to hand it in, the Third Division may not ask at all.

If the Dinghai Navy supplies salt to the Third Division, it can also make huge profits, and even push the price of salt as a whole down.

This is the cost reduction brought about by industrial production, and it is also a sharp weapon for the navy, but after thinking about it, Zhao Xin decided not to do it, on the one hand, the land of the navy is less, more than 300 square kilometers of land, basically have been arranged, some salt farms, but the number is not much, only to meet the current needs of the navy, it is inconvenient to shoot on a large scale.

At the same time, the salt tax is the most important source of finance in the entire Northern Song Dynasty, and now accounts for more than one-third of the income of the entire Northern Song Dynasty, and there are too many nobles and high-ranking officials involved in the salt tax.

Zhao Xin decided not to enter the field of salt, but the research on salt has been continuing, and in later generations, salt is just a simple seasoning, but in fact, salt is an important chemical raw material, which is used in many fields.

In addition to the basic theory of the three states of matter, other chemical reactions are also included in the research field of Dinghai.

The basis of modern compounds is on the three acids and two alkalis, three acids and two alkalis, which are the basis of the chemical industry, and a country, if it does not build these five compounds, basically, it is impossible to have a constantly climbing chemical science and technology line.

Triacids and alkalis are the most common and commonly used compounds in nature, and they have a huge effect in many places.

After possessing ancient chemistry and sulfuric acid, three acids and two bases were not a problem, and after studying it clearly, Dingjun had actually acquired the ability to produce them simply industrially.

Constrained by the land area of the Dinghai Navy, it is impossible for the Dinghai Navy to build various three-acid and two-alkali factories on a large scale, but the research in the laboratory has not relaxed at all.

In particular, after the progress of ammonia synthesis, with the basic ability to synthesize ammonia, the method of synthesizing ammonia directly using nitrogen and hydrogen, and then through chemical action, the nitrogen in ammonia is solidified in the form of compounds, and a large number of nitrogen-containing compounds are formed, which are the basis of explosives.

In the explosives industry, which is dominated by nitrogen compounds, some explosives that are better than black powder, have higher nitrate content, and have more explosive power have begun to appear.

The simplest is nitrocellulose, the appearance of this completely burning, smokeless gunpowder, made into ignition powder, for firearms, is revolutionary.

Whether it is an artillery or a musket, after it is fired, there is an inevitable job, that is, to clean the chamber.

Among the black powder, in the chamber of the gun, the incomplete combustion, caused by the dregs, if not cleaned out, will affect the accuracy of the light, and the heavy will blow up the chamber, this is the first priority, the more huge the artillery, the more so. Especially on large artillery, because of the smoke formed after the launch of black powder, for the daily use of visual aiming methods, the impact is huge, large battleships, continuous launches, must be transferred, fired,

And the moving battleship, once transferred, had to be re-measured, which increased the difficulty of aiming, in the artillery battle of the sail battle, the initial more and more artillery, because the interval between each shot was too long.

By the time of World War I, the application of a large number of new gunpowder, the scale of artillery became larger and larger, and the number of guns of the capital ships was reduced, which was related to the huge power of the main gun, and of course, the use of smokeless gunpowder.

With smokeless gunpowder, the development of firearms is revolutionary, and even the method of fixed ammunition can be used to increase the power of muskets on a large scale.

After the large-scale use of the longbow, the front-loading gun in the early stage of the arquebus, this weapon, in fact, has no room for survival, in Europe, the appearance of the Spanish phalanx, the arquebus is also a suppressive weapon, that arquebus is a heavy arquebus, because of the role of the longbow, there is no separate, large-scale use, only after the use of artillery, it can be regarded as suppressing the longbow.

At present, the performance of the longbow is better, some research based on the strength of later generations, it is easy to make a better longbow, the same way, this Northern Song Dynasty, the physical condition of the individual is also better, on such a basis, the range of the longbow is generally more than 250 steps At this time, as soon as the musket appears, it will definitely be ridiculed.

Muskets with a range of less than 200 paces, once they appear, are almost hung by longbows, perhaps the continuous combat ability of muskets is above the longbow, after owning firearms, wars are often fought for several days, longbowmen, even if they are well-trained, fighting for more than 2 hours in a row, have been completely abolished.

However, no one can bear the casualties indefinitely, and the current dense longbow troops of the Northern Song Dynasty appeared in the American Civil War, and under the premise of also having artillery, the victor must be the longbow.

Zhao Xin also thought about it, starting from the research of arquebus, but after investing a certain amount of money and a large number of personnel, he found that it was useless.

In the era of front-loading guns, arquebuses, flintlock guns, and smoothbore guns, their changes were not as great as imagined, and the difficulty was not high, the key was only the quality of gunpowder, and the quality of steel.

If it is said that the Dinghai Navy is still at the level of the Northern Song Dynasty, it is very difficult to process such weapons, and it is necessary to take the road of arquebus.

The reason is very simple, the structure of the arquebus is relatively simple, for materials with poor performance, it can be replaced with a thicker weight, in fact, the early arquebus, all of which are heavy calibers, weigh about 20 catties or more, and the heavy ones reach thirty catties, or even fifty catties.

Under such weight, the quality of iron is no longer a problem.

The quality of early steel, in the slow improvement, from ordinary cast iron, to cold wrought iron, has been the Chinese civilization, it took thousands of years, slowly developed, according to history, even if there is no Yuan and Qing two large-scale regressions, it will take at least a few hundred years to develop the degree of steel.

All this, in the Ding Navy completely non-existent, Zhao Xin relied on the foresight of the traverser, as well as the terrible function of the card system, in the Northern Song Dynasty completed a 2 million tons of steel plant, even if it was placed before and after the First World War, it was also an extremely terrible output, according to a fully armed warrior, the steel all over the body added up to 40 catties, a ton of steel can arm 50 people, 2 million tons, can arm 100 million people.

When the army of millions is all armed to the teeth, and the whole body is shrouded in terrible steel, the era of simple cold weapons is an unsolvable proposition, not to mention, there are many other weapons in the Dinghai Navy.

Niu Dali, a genius ferroalloy research expert, has made the steel production of the Dinghai Navy reach a very terrifying level, and the comprehensive performance has exceeded the level of the early 20th century, which makes it possible to use higher-end weapons.

After the advent of smokeless gunpowder, the hardness of steel from the steelworks of the Dinghai Navy in particular reached about 5.9, and in fact, the possibility of mass production of smoothbore guns was already available.

With a longer barrel, better gunpowder, and a soft metal like lead to prevent air leakage, this has formed the terrible range of the smoothbore gun, the range of the smoothbore gun, even more terrible than some early rear-loading guns, in fact, after the large-scale popularization of rear-loading guns, the smoothbore gun also took a short time, mainly for the lethality of long-distance targets.

This is something that Zhao Xin found after researching, before he was stupid to make arquebuses, which cost a huge investment, in fact, the results obtained were not very good, and the advantages of the Dinghai Navy in gunpowder and steel were greatly wasted, and it has not been studied yet, but it has entered the smoothbore gun, and after several key steps have been studied, in fact, the first experimental smoothbore gun has been made.