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The Ma Wei Revolution was a major upheaval in the central political situation during the reign of Xuanzong Tianbao, and was the result of a long-term struggle between different political groups within the central politics of the Tang Dynasty. It is indeed not accidental, let alone a grudge between individuals. Due to the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion, the Son of Heaven spread the Yue, which caused a sudden gap in this struggle, so that the long-stored contradictory struggle evolved into a bloody incident outside the Jingshi. That is to say, the people who were most willing to execute Prime Minister Yang Guozhong and Yang Guifei at that time must be people who have sharp contradictions with them, so who is this person?

In my opinion, in the Tianbao Central Political Group, it is probably the crown prince Li Heng and his clique.

Li Heng was canonized as the crown prince in June of the twenty-sixth year of Kaiyuan after Li Ying was deposed. Since the day he was in the East Palace, the power of the court, the Zhongshu ordered Li Linfu to oppose him everywhere, according to the "Old Tang Book" volume 10 "Su Zongji": "And the establishment of the crown prince, Lin Fu is afraid of not being good for himself, but the prison of Wei Jian and Liu Tao, the number of those in danger is four." The prisons of Wei Jian and Liu Tao were constructed in the first month and November of the fifth year of Tianbao respectively, and the local military generals Huangfu Weiming and Wang Zhonghei were all woven into it. On the surface, Li Linfu framed Li Heng in several prisons because he had attached Shun Wuwu to Concubine Hui and persuaded Concubine Hui's son Shou Wang Mao. In fact, this is also determined by the special status of the crown prince of the Tang Dynasty, Mr. Chen Yinke said: "All the princes of the Tang Dynasty are actually designated but not firm successors to the throne", so it is not difficult to understand that Li Linfu's tilt in the East Palace, that is, the contradiction between the prime minister and the crown prince. In order to exonerate and protect himself, he divorced Wei Jian's sister, the crown princess Wei and Liu Tao's wife, and the prince Liangdi Du. The brutal political struggle has made Li Hengwei old and decrepit, and the sharp contradictions between him and the prime minister's clique can be seen. Yang Guozhong, the prime minister who succeeded Li Linfu, did not change his attitude towards Li Heng in the slightest. In fact, during Li Linfu's reign, he actively participated in the construction of the crown prince, according to the 106th volume of the "Old Tang Book":

When Li Linfu is not conducive to the crown prince, he will take advantage of the yin affairs to pour it in. …… Dare to speak out with national loyalty, and help it for the party,...... Since it has been in prison for many years, it has been pursued and crowded. There are hundreds of people who are punished, all of whom are loyal to the country, Lin Fufang is deeply obstructed to protect the position, and the impeachment played by the national loyalty is suspected of being the prince. Although Lin Fu did not say anything to guide him, it was all made by Lin Fu, and the country took advantage of the evil and was able to be wanton.

It can be seen that the contradiction between the prime minister's group and the prince's group during the Tianbao period was not an overnight thing. As for why there were powerful ministers like Li Linfu and Yang Guozhong during the Tianbao period, it is actually one of the major problems of the central political situation of Tianbao, because it has nothing to do with the purpose of this article, so I will not repeat it.

In November of the 14th year of Tianbao, the Three Towns Jiedu caused An Lushan to raise troops to rebel, which had a strong impact on the central political structure of Tianbao. The struggle between the prime minister and the prince's clique was not only not extinguished by the An Lushan rebellion. On the contrary, the turbulence of the political situation has added new content to this struggle. In other words, this central political struggle revolved around the Anshi Rebellion. An Lushan's banner of "punishing Yang" has mixed this political dispute into muddy waters.

After the rebels moved south, they came fiercely. On December 13 of that year, the eastern capital of Luoyang was captured, and the situation in the whole country deteriorated sharply. In December, Xuanzong promulgated a pro-levy system, ordering the prince to stay in Beijing and take on the important task of supervising the country. This incident caused Yang Guozhong to be greatly frightened. It is reported: "When Xuanzong heard that Heshuo had changed, he wanted to use the crown prince to supervise the country, and he wanted to conquer it himself. Seeking to be loyal to the country, the country was terrified, and the sister said: 'I will die on the eve of death.' Now the East Palace is in charge of the country, and he should be ordered with his wife. The sister cried to the concubine. The concubine asks for her life, and the matter is over." Yang Guozhong was worried that the fact that the crown prince was in charge of the country would consolidate the prince's position and endanger the Yang family, so he tried his best to prevent Xuanzong from conquering the country. As a result, because of his obstruction, the prince's promising appointment as a prisoner of the country came to naught. Of course, this pro-conquest turmoil reflected the content of the struggle between the two sides, and the crown prince did not give up because of this. The battle in the shadows is still going on tense and fierce.

After Gao Xianzhi and Feng Changqing were defeated and executed, Yuan He and Longjiedu made Ge Shuhan to be appointed as the deputy marshal of the Eastern Expeditionary Army out of Tongguan. At this time, Li Wan, the king of Rong, who was "known for his elegant name and neat style" and who was named to recruit the marshal, "suddenly died". Later, Ge Shuhan's identity became the "marshal of the crown prince's vanguard soldiers and horses", which seems to mean that Xuanzong's personal expedition failed, but he wanted to make "the crown prince lead the army to the east", but the prince is "the heir of the king, not a handsome teacher", so Ge Shuhan is the vanguard and horse marshal. The fact that the crown of soldiers and horses was in the name of the crown prince's soldiers and horses indicates that the prince had nominally controlled the army guarding Tongguan, which may reflect that the crown prince Li Heng had control over the army as a result of the rebellion, and later facts can indeed prove this. Because of this, the contest between the two groups revolved around the Tongguan War.

In the Tongguan garrison, a force led by Wang Sili attempted to kill Yang Guozhong through Ge Shuhan's return army: "Sili Baihan murdered An Sishun's father (?) and) Yuan Zhen, on the paper on the secret words Han, please resist Yang Guozhong, Han should not, please rob him with 30 horses, and come to Tongguan to kill him", which caused Prime Minister Yang Guozhong's vigilance and uneasiness. Yang Guozhong then asked the selection of 3,000 supervisors and children to train in the Forbidden Garden, and ordered the Jiannan Army generals Li Fude and Liu Guangting to be responsible, and the new recruits of 10,000 troops were led by his cronies Du Qianyun and stationed in the Bashang. "It is not difficult to understand that the person Yang Guozhong is guarding against is the Tongguan defender who has been the vanguard of the prince; What's more, Wang Sili and Ge Shuhan were both subordinates of Wang Zhonghe, the envoy of Hexi Jiedu, who had a close relationship with the crown prince Li Heng. In my opinion, the movement of punishing Yang in the army and Yang Guozhong's precautions actually reflect the content of the struggle between the two groups.

Since the crown prince Li Heng was already able to control the conquest army, Ge Shuhan's new conscription under the command of Du Qianyun was able to fulfill his requirements for Tongguan. At the beginning of June of the fifteenth year of Tianbao, Du Qianyun was executed by Ge Shuhan under the pretext of being executed in the army, and Yang Guozhong's defense force ceased to exist, which caused him great fear, and he once said to his son Yang Xuan: "I will die without a day." Intriguingly, "Han is not at ease." It seems that the killing of Du Qianyun has a very deep political background, and the crown prince Li Heng is probably starting to counterattack Yang Guozhong with the conquest army under his control. According to records: Before the fall of the governor, Chen Xuanli, the general of Longwu, also "wanted to punish Yang Guozhong in the city", but because the time was not ripe, he did not take action. But this message cannot be ignored, and it may be a sign that the struggle between the two sides has become white-hot.

In the face of this threat, Yang Guozhong did not sit still. To remove the threat. There was an urgent need to remove control of the Tongguan garrison of the crown prince Li Heng. In this way, the top priority at the moment is to resolve the decisive battle of An Lushan as soon as possible. Therefore, Yang Guozhong strongly advocated that he wanted Geshu to fight a decisive battle towards Shanguan. History said: "Guozhong Yihan is undecided with his troops, thinking about himself, wanting him to fight quickly, and urging him from the middle." This motion is exactly what Xuanzong wants. Moreover, when Anshi was in turmoil, the Tang court lacked due attention to the incident, and even thought that Shuohu was guilty of self-defeat, and the day must be determined. Xuanzong then ignored the opinions of the generals in front of him to insist on sticking, and sent several envoys to urge the army to go out of the pass to fight. Due to the miscalculation of the situation on the front line, Ge Shuhan was defeated after leaving the customs, and the door of Chang'an was opened.

Subsequently, Xuanzong secretly fled Jiannan with a few members of the royal family and some ministers. The contest between Yang Guozhong and Li Heng is still going on secretly and nervously. Before leaving, Xuanzong ordered Chen Xuanli to choose 900 horses and forbidden soldiers to give money and silk, and also sent the eunuch Wang Luoqing to tell along the way to take over the drive. Therefore, it is not true to say that Xuanzong was unprepared to flee. However, the flight of Wang Luoqing and local officials along the way caused many troubles to the food supply of the thousands of fleeing troops. History said that "the officials were scattered and there was no restocking", so there is no need to completely suspect that Xuanzong and his entourage had food difficulties and soldiers were hungry and tired after arriving in Xianyang. I think this is the perfect opportunity for those who are secretly manipulating and plotting mutiny. The fact that the incident occurred at the arrival of Ma Weiyi and not elsewhere should not be unrelated to this actual situation during the flight.

The circumstances of the conspiracy and planning of the incident are recorded in the sixth article of the first year of Suzong in the first year of the Tongjian, volume 218:

Chen Xuanli blamed Yang Guozhong for misfortune and wanted to punish him, because of Li Fu, the eunuch of the East Palace. (To be continued.) )