Let's not talk about the distance and proximity, among the surrounding forces of the Xiongnu, the nomadic forces are not in the minority.

In this regard, Zhang Jiashi did not want to drag down the Huns by then, and he would have to face a situation of driving the wolf and the tiger away.

The nomads of the steppes attach very little importance to the covenant.

After all, compared with the civilization of the agricultural system, they tend to have a greater understanding of interests when they fight for the right to live on the grassland.

This is related to the choice orientation of nomads in many cases.

And from the known information, if you really choose a force around the Huns to form an alliance with it against the Huns, Dawan, Kangju and even Daxia are not the first choice for this option, and what exists north of the Hun forces......

Well, this question has not been considered correct even in later generations.

In a video called "The Evolution of the World Historical Map" made in later generations, it is described that there is no power north of the Huns.

Zhang Jiashi was not aware of this, he did not believe that there was any force that could threaten the Huns here.

Because even in later generations, the northern part of the Mongolian Plateau, where the Huns were located, that is, the southern region of Eastern Siberia in later generations, was in a situation where there was basically not much development area.

To the northwest of the Huns, the Scythian race system still had a certain strength.

As for this race, Zhang Jiashi is more wary of it.

……

The Scythians, including the East Iranian language group in the 8th century BC, ranged from the Scythians. It is also translated as "Siguti", Scythians or Scythians; The ancient Persians called it Saka, which was divided into the Cypriot people who wore pointed hats, the Sai people who drank the hemp juice, and the Cypriot people who were on the other side of the sea; The ancient Assyrians called it Ashkuzai, the ancient Persians and ancient Indians called it Saka, and the ancient Greeks called it Skuthoi or Sacae.

The Chinese "Records of the Historians" and the "Book of Han", referred to as "Sai" or "Sai Species", the Sharp-hat Sai people or the Sakya people, were a nomadic people of the East Iranian language group of the Indo-European language family in Central Asia and the South Russian steppe from the 8th century BC to the 3rd century BC.

The Scythians originated in the steppes of Eastern Europe, between the Don River and the Danube, north of the Black Sea, and had been living in the Volga River basin before, constantly migrating, from Europe to Inner Mongolia and the Ordos Desert, and were the earliest nomadic people in history; Skilled at raising horses, they were in constant contact with the Arabs and Celts, absorbing the characteristics of many cultures, including Greek culture, and establishing their own countries in the conquered lands. In the 7th century B.C., the Caucasus, Asia Minor, Armenia, the Medes, and the Assyrian Empire threatened Western Asia for nearly 70 years, and its cavalry galloped from Cappadocia to the Medes, and from the Caucasus to Syria in search of plunder; It then gradually declined and was divided into numerous tribes.

During the great migration of ethnic groups in the fourth and fifth centuries AD, the Alans invaded Europe with the Huns.

The Scythians in a broad sense should also include a number of tribes stranded in Central Asia, Western Siberia, and the Altai region, whose culture, art, and way of life are very similar to those of the Scythians in South Russia and Iran.

The Scythians were short in stature, blue-eyed and bearded, ethnically close to the Sarmats, Cypriots, and Massags, and were broadly similar in language, social life, cultural traditions, and religion. The Scythians did not have a written word. Artifacts about the Scythians were excavated from Ukraine and South Russia.

The lineage of the Scythians in the East is described as about the Spring and Autumn Period of the 7th century BC or earlier, in the west of the Yellow River in the Gansu and Qinghai provinces of today's northwest China, that is, the Hexi Corridor and the Huangshui Basin, and the northern steppe area, there were many nomadic tribes, among which the ancient classics include Yun surnamed Zhirong, Daxia, Shache, Dayue, Xiongnu, Loulan, etc. These nomadic tribes in the north at that time had been active in the Hexi Corridor, the Huangshui Basin and the northern grasslands for a long time, and they relied on strong bows and horses to gallop across the area, often clashing with the settled people in the eastern part of the river.

By the time of Qin Mugong, in order to completely solve the infestation of the nomadic tribes from the Hexi region, with the wisdom of the capable people Yuyu, in 623 BC, he sent troops to attack King Rong and occupied the areas of many nomadic tribes.

This eventually led to the migration of these defeated tribes to the north and west. Among these tribes, there were the Yun surnamed Zhirong, Daxia, Yueshi, Shache and other tribes, and by the end of the 7th century BC, these people began to appear in the Saidi, that is, the Ili and Chu river valleys.

Since the 7th century B.C., the primitive commune system of the nomadic tribes and oasis farmers of the steppe nomadic tribes in Central Asia began to disintegrate, and the earliest form of state in Central Asia gradually took shape.

In the history books of China, the "Sai Wang" appeared, which probably marked the establishment of a slave country by the Sai species. The Cypriots are a predominantly nomadic people, with only a small number of people engaged in agriculture, cultivating millet, barley and wheat. The Scythians used yurts, which were cylindrical in shape, made of wood and divided into 6 to 10 compartments, which could be stretched and contracted to be carried, and were topped with light rafters. This kind of wooden lattice and yu, which is easy to disassemble and fold, can be easily carried away on carts and horses, and is created to adapt to the wisdom of nomadic life. The Sai people built the canopy on large carts, which were two-wheeled, four-wheeled, and six-wheeled, pulled by two or three oxen, and some were driven by camels. During the migration, the Cypriots transported their wives, children, and household belongings and utensils by car. This canopy can also be removed from the car and built on the ground. In winter, they also live in houses made of mud and grass.

The Cypriots who are often recorded in the history books of our country are also tribes that speak East Iranian language.

Later scholars believed that the language of the Cypriots belonged to the East Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family, and the Pamir region was one of the main areas of ancient Cypriot activity. The vast Pamir region is still predominantly inhabited by East Iranian speakers. The Tajik language of the Tashkurgan region in our country also belongs to the East Iranian branch. The historical link between them is a matter of note.

According to historical materials such as "Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty" and "New Tang Dynasty Book" and some scattered unearthed documents, the inhabitants of Khotan and Bachu in the Tang Dynasty used East Iranian language, and even the residents of Kashgar also used East Iranian language. In addition, the Selkur language is also closely related to Sogdian and Tocharian languages, because Sogdian and Tocharian languages belong to the same East Iranian language.

Because the Pamir belongs to the plateau area, the mountains are high and the road is far away, and the transportation is inconvenient, which brings inconvenience to cultural and economic exchanges, coupled with the opening of the Maritime Silk Road, the Pamir section of the Silk Road traffic artery has been left out in the cold, making the social development of the ancient Tashkurgan Tajiks extremely slow, it is in this environment that the Selkul Tajik language, which is not widely spoken, has almost no development, and it also maintains a unique state of antiquity, retaining the ancient Central Asian Cypriot language, Sogdian language, Elements of ancient languages such as Tocharian.

Because of this, some experts believe that Selkul Tajik, a surviving language of the ancient languages of Central Asia and southern Xinjiang, is a living Serbian language.

On the military side, the Scythians or Cypriots were considered brave and warlike. The spoils of each of their battles were distributed by the king to the warriors. They reward victory over the enemy and kill the enemy, and cut off the enemy's head as a proof of the spoils. At the same time, the enemy's head was used as a drinking vessel, and the part below the eyebrows of the head was sawed off, and the rest was cleaned. The rich people wrapped the outside with cowhide, plated it with gold, and used it as a cup. The poor just wrapped the outside in raw cowhide for use. A man may also make such a cup from the head of his own people, but only if he is a member of a tribe who is not in harmony with him and has overcome himself before the king.

As for the war, Herodotus records that it was their custom to drink the blood of the first man he killed in battle, and to bring to his king the heads of all the dead killed in the war, and to receive a share of the capture, which he would not otherwise receive.

He made a loop on his head along both ears, then pulled his scalp and shook the skull out. Then he scraped off the skull with a rib and softened the scalp with his hands, kept it as a handkerchief, and hung it from the horse of the horse he rode to boast of. Whoever has the most of these handkerchiefs made of the scalp is considered to be the most courageous.

The weapons used by the Cypriots consisted of defensive armor and offensive battle axes, spears, swords, and bows. Self-defense armor is made of leather, and then a hard piece made of animal bone or horse hooves is sewn on the leather armor to make it stronger. Later, it was made of bronze and iron into hard sheets, which were attached to the outside and were called fish scale armor. At the same time, the Cypriots also wore fish scale armor on their horses, so that they could resist the attacks of enemy swords, spears and arrows on the battlefield. Even the horses of the Cypriots had cuirasses made of copper, horses made of gold, and horses chewed. There are slight differences in the form of offensive tomahawks, knives, swords, spears, etc.

The Cypriots also used lassoes and flying stone tools. But the most used are bows and arrows. Although the bow was short but strong, most of them were double-bowed, and the arrows were first made of bone or stone, and later of bronze or iron. In order to be easy to carry, bow covers and quivers are often used together, and both bow covers and quivers are beautifully decorated. It is with these strong bows and iron horses that these "archers on horses" gallop across the vast grassland, and the sound of iron hooves is terrifying.

The Scythians, a branch of the Serb people, first appeared in history during the time of Darius I.

Around 512 BC, Darius I began his war against the Scythians. He conquered Thrace, crossed the Danube with pontoons, and according to Sillodotus's description, the Persian army went north along the Volga.

The Scythians did not organize a large-scale resistance, they retreated slowly, destroying farmland, filling wells, leaving the enemy with nothing but white land. With a severe lack of supplies, Darius finally retreated to Asia, incurring several times the casualties in the retreat.

Later archaeologists found large quantities of Persian trophies in the tombs of the Scythians: composite bows, spears, javelins, axes, swords, daggers, and many pieces of iron and bronze that could be used to make scale armor. Horses draped all over were buried beside their masters, and even women were stacked with weapons in their graves. Their scales were based on leather, covered with layers of scales, each covering half the length of the lower piece, and this dense protective measure was mainly used for cuirasses, helmets, armor, and aprons of horses.

The Scythians' most popular weapon was the synthetic bow, about 80 centimeters long, made of horsehair or animal tendons. The arrows were accelerated by the tension of the string and the elasticity of the bow, so that the Scythian bow had a range of up to 400 paces. A well-trained archer can shoot ten arrows per minute, and such a dense rain of arrows combined with poisoned arrows is extremely lethal.

However, in this respect, the Cypriots may be far inferior to the Rong Di who were defeated by the Zhou army and the Qin army that launched another offensive some time later, and in the battle against the Rong Di who moved westward, the eastern lineage of the Serbs was defeated, and then merged and annexed, and part of the remnants returned to the "homeland" along the direction of the Green Ridge.

At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, many Sai tribes fled across the Tianshan Mountains to the Green Ridge area under the pressure of the Yue Clan. However, there are also some Cypriots who remain in place and become vassals of the Yue clan. Later, the Yueshi people were defeated by the revived Wusun, and the Sai people who remained in the area north of the Tianshan Mountains became the subjects of Wusun again. Today, many ethnic groups in Central Asia and Xinjiang have a Cypriot component in their blood.

……

And the Scythians in 201 BC probably had died out of the royal system they had established.

Therefore, at this time, if Zhang Jiashi sent people to look for the Scythians, it was very likely that he would not get the results he wanted.

After integrating the information at hand, Zhang Jiashi was helpless to discover a fact, that is, the reality is very skinny, and the strategy of long-distance and close-range attack is not suitable for the Huns at this time.

It is very likely that the northern forces of the Xiongnu during this period had already submitted to the Xiongnu, such as Ding Lingren.

The Ding Ling people first lived near Lake Baikal and belonged to the Xiongnu at the time of Maodundanyu. Ding Ling, who moved south into the Central Plains, is called Ding Ling. The Xianbei people called it a high car because the Ding Ling people in the north used a car with tall wheels. After the Han Dynasty defeated the Northern Xiongnu, Ding Ling's territory began to move south, interacting with the Han people in the Central Plains.

From the end of the 4th century to the middle of the 6th century AD, following the Xiongnu and Xianbei, the Ding Ling and Rouran people were active in the vast areas of the northern and western parts of the Chinese desert. The Ding Ling people in the Central Plains once established the Zhai Wei regime.

By the middle of the 4th century, most of the people living in the Yinshan area had become inferior. The famous "Ding Ling Song" is a pastoral song in the Xianbei language of Ding Ling people in the Northern Qi Dynasty, which was later translated into Chinese. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Ding Ling people participated in a large number of wars between the Xianbei and Han people, and most of them gradually integrated into the Han nationality together with the Ding Ling people.