Zhu Cijiong sat alone in the study, flipping through the signed "Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Assistance between the Ming Empire and the Portuguese Empire", his heart could not be calm for a long time, he really wanted to pull the Empress Dowager Cixi in front of him and let her take a good look, what is a treaty, can the ones signed by the Qing government be called a treaty? That's a deed of sale!

The Empress Dowager Cixi did not appear in front of him, but the familiar voice of the system beauty appeared in his mind:

"Ding Dong, congratulations on completing the sixth survival mission, and now we will start to distribute rewards, Artillery Daquan."

This artillery is really big and complete, Zhu Cijiong only felt that his head was filled with a ball of paste, and he was dizzy to death.

Before he could come back to his senses, the voice of the system beauty continued: "Dingdong, please note, the survival mission is over. ”

Then, the beauty of the system rarely brewed for a while, and then said loudly in an impassioned voice: "Sao Nian, go, go and change history and raise the prestige of our country!" ”

Although he knew that the beauty of the system would not answer, let alone care about his reaction, Zhu Cijiong still nodded solemnly, and promised word by word: "I, will, yes." ”

After the promise, Zhu Cijiong was a little lost, changing history, where is it so easy, maybe there will be a long time when he can't hear the voice of the system beauty, after all, from the time he crossed to the present, there have been system beauties who have silently helped him, and now the system beauty is suddenly going to disappear for a long time, and he is really a little unaccustomed.

To get the help of the beauties of the system again, the only way to change history is to work hard to destroy the peasant rebel army, defeat the Houjin, and dominate the world, all of which can change history, but none of these can be done easily.

Now the most promising solution is the peasant rebel army in the northwest, but although Lu Xiangsheng and Sun Chuanting have been equipped with 80,000 new flintlock guns, they are not invincible, and flintlock pistols also have their limitations, and the power of flintlock pistols in the face of strong cities and tight shield arrays cannot be exerted, and only artillery can blast open these turtle shells.

By the way, artillery, didn't the system just reward the artillery encyclopedia, Zhu Cijiong hurriedly flipped through it in his mind.

Maybe it's because this is the last survival reward, the artillery knowledge given by the system is really complete, including almost all the artillery-related knowledge during the Black Powder period.

The first is the classification of artillery, which is mainly divided into mortars, howitzers, and cannons, and there are three main factors considered in the classification:

First, the ratio of shell diameter to barrel length, the ratio below 1:13 is a mortar, the ratio between 1:14 and 1:40 is generally a howitzer, and the ratio above 1:40 is generally a cannon;

Second, the firing angle of the shell, the mortar is generally between 55 and 85 degrees, the howitzer is generally between 15 and 55 degrees, and the cannon is generally below 15 degrees;

Third, the amount of gunpowder, the loading of mortars is generally about half of the weight of the shell, the loading of howitzers is generally equal to the weight of shells, and the cannon is generally about twice the weight of shells.

The characteristics of these three types of guns are:

The mortar cannon has a thin barrel, light weight, short range and low power, and can attack targets hidden behind obstacles, and is generally used to strike enemy soldiers at short range;

The howitzer has a thicker barrel, a larger weight, a longer range, and greater power, and can attack targets hidden behind obstacles, and is generally used to strike enemy soldiers from a distance;

The cannon barrel is thick, heavy, long-range, powerful, and the firing angle is basically parallel to the ground, and it is generally used to destroy enemy fortifications.

There are also mortars that are generally smoothbore, that is, there is no rifling in the barrel, while howitzers and cannons are rifled with dense rifling engraved in the barrel.

Then there is the casting method of artillery, there was no cylindrical steel to sell in the Ming Dynasty at this time, so the barrel could only be cast.

The difficulty of casting the barrel in this era is relatively large, because the barrel itself is very heavy, so it is a bit unrealistic to cast with a sand mold, you must use clay to make a mold, and after making a clay mold, you must bury the clay mold vertically into the soil, otherwise the molten iron has not been watered, and the clay mold will be crushed.

This clay mold was too difficult to make, and each clay mold could only be used once, and the success rate of casting was still very low, which caused the artillery production to never be increased.

Fortunately, the system summarized the mold manufacturing methods of European countries, and finally summed up a new casting method with a high success rate, that is, to add steel bars to the middle of the clay, just like modern pouring cement, first tie the steel bars into shape, and then pour them up, so that the strength of the mold will be greatly increased, and the success rate will also increase.

Moreover, in order to solve the problem of misalignment between the outer mold and the inner mold, the system also gives a solution, that is, leave a round hole in the center of the bottom of the outer mold, add a round steel to the inner mold, insert the round steel directly into the round mouth, and the problem of concentricity is solved.

Finally, there is the auxiliary equipment of artillery, and the auxiliary equipment given by the system is mainly gun carriages and gun mounts.

The artillery carriage, of course, was not a car, but a horse-drawn carriage, divided into a two-wheeled improvised carriage and a four-wheeled armored carriage. The turret is not a dead iron lump, but a turret with wheels that allows the gun body to rotate 360 degrees.

Speaking of this gun carriage and gun mount, we have to mention the gun lug, which refers to the two cylinders protruding from the middle of the gun barrel, as if the gun barrel has ears. If you have seen the artillery cast in the Ming and Qing dynasties in China, you will find that the artillery we cast basically has no lugs.

What is this ear for? In fact, the function is very simple, that is, to fix the barrel, the two ends with an iron hoop or copper hoop to press the ear, the barrel can not run, so that it is convenient to fix the barrel on the carriage. Like the artillery cast in the Ming and Qing dynasties in our country, without cannon lugs, it can only be fixed on the bulky gun mount, basically can not move, even if the gun barrel is carried on the battlefield, it must be fixed at zero time, and when a cannon is fired, the gun barrel basically jumps away, and how troublesome it is to operate can be imagined.

When looking at this gun mount and gun carriage, Zhu Cijiong also found a good thing, that is, simple bearings. This simple bearing is not a ball bearing that is common in modern times, but a roller bearing. The ball bearings are full of smooth round steel balls, and it is basically impossible to process this thing in the Ming Dynasty. The roller bearing is different, it is a smooth round steel column, for Zhu Cijiong, who has a lathe and a grinder, this cylinder is easy to process, and the car is a light pole out, and it is basically no problem to grind it again.

In fact, there is not much difference between roller bearings and ball bearings used in carriages, ball bearings can only be aligned, that is to say, ball bearings are generally self-aligning ball bearings, if the ball bearing shaft can not be kept 90 degrees perpendicular to the fixed surface when rotating. In fact, this function is not used in horse-drawn carriages at all, anyway, the difference between the axle and the wheel is 90 degrees, and the effect is the same with roller bearings and ball bearings.

With bearings, the carriage would be lightweight, otherwise at least four or five hundred pounds of artillery, a carriage would require at least twenty or thirty horses to move. Do you think, if the weight of four or five hundred catties is pressed up, the axle and the axle hole are pressed to death, and the friction is like sticking, how can you offset the friction if you don't come to twenty or thirty horses?

It's different when the bearings are installed, no matter how heavy things are pressed, the bearings are flexible, basically there is no friction, four or five hundred pounds of artillery, generally four horses are enough, even if it is thousands of pounds, only eight horses.

Mortars are okay, howitzers and cannons are really good things, but Zhu Cijiong read through them in his mind for a long time, and finally had no choice but to decide, at this stage, it is better to focus on mortars. Howitzers and cannons, it's desperate to think about!

What makes people desperate? Just do a simple calculation:

The diameter of the general shell is at least ten centimeters, 1:10 is one meter, 1:20 is two meters, 1:40 is four meters, and the thickness of the howitzer barrel is at least twice that of the mortar, the thickness of the cannon barrel is at least three times that of the mortar, the barrel of a one-meter-long mortar is at least four or five hundred catties, the barrel of a two-meter-long howitzer is at least nearly two thousand catties, and the barrel of a four-meter-long cannon is at least nearly six thousand catties.

Of course, the thickness of this barrel is related to the material, and in the Ming Dynasty, there were only ordinary cast steel and cast iron, so the barrel had to be so thick; Modern times are different, after forging, the strength of special steel is not an order of magnitude higher than that of ordinary cast steel and cast iron, and it doesn't matter if the barrel is a little thinner.

Without further ado, let's get down to business, and continue to talk about mortars.

The firing range of the mortar cannon is the shortest among the three cannons, and according to the explosive strength of the black powder, even if granular gunpowder is used, the firing range of the mortar cannon is only 500 meters to 1,000 meters. In modern times, such a range is a joke, but fortunately, it is enough to deal with archers and cavalry in the cold weapon period, even if it is a siege.

The mortar also has an advantage, that is, the weight of the mortar is light and can be pulled by a carriage, which means that the mortar can be used as a field gun, so that there is no need to worry about the shield array and heavy armored cavalry in the field.

The system also provides a variety of shells, what solid shells, scatter shells, flowering shells, and different shells can be selected according to different situations, such as:

When encountering heavy cavalry and giant shield soldiers, they will use solid bullets to smash them with one shot;

When you encounter a light cavalry, use a scattershot, and the black pressure will be smashed over, and it will be useless for you to run fast;

When encountering dense infantry, use flowering shells, a shell falls in the middle of the infantry, and a small iron bullet can injure a large area.

There are also armored carriages, the outside is a steel plate a few centimeters thick, and a layer of wooden planks is added inside, even if the general earthen cannon is smashed to the top with solid bullets, it will smash a pit at most, and it is impossible to smash through the armor at all.

............

The system gave too much artillery-related knowledge this time, and I couldn't finish it for a while.

In short, with this artillery encyclopedia, Zhu Cijiong really felt that the era of thermal weapons belonging to the Ming Dynasty was coming! For mobile phone users, please browse and read,