Ruan Ji (210-263 AD) was a writer, poet, and thinker of the Wei State during the Three Kingdoms period. Word heir sect. Chen Liu (now Henan) is a native of Ruan Zhuang Village, Xiaochen Township, and the son of Ruan Yu. He was once an infantry captain and was known as the Nguyen infantry. It is the head of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest", and is as famous as Jikang.

Nguyen admired the learning of Lao Zhuang, and politically adopted a cautious attitude to avoid disaster.

Ruan Ji is the representative of the "sound of the beginning", and is the author of "Yonghuai", "The Biography of Mr. Adult", etc., and his works are included in the "Ruan Ji Collection".

Ruan lost his father at the age of seven, and his family was poor. Its home is in the north, and Zhu Ruan lives in the south, known as "South Nguyen is rich, North Nguyen is poor". Ruan Ji studied tirelessly, did not admire wealth and clothing, often took Confucius's apprentices Yan Hui, Min Ziqiong and Zigong as teachers, was not afraid of poverty, worked hard to seek knowledge, read a wide range of books, and finally became a famous writer. His poems are specialized in five words, natural and magnificent, there are eighty-two poems of "Yonghuai", which express the sorrow and sorrow, the bitterness and hesitation, the irony of reality, the unique style, and the descendants call it "the sound of the beginning". He is also a writer of prose, "The Biography of Mr. Adult" is very famous, and he is the author of "Ruan Infantry Collection".

Philosophically, Ruan Ji believes: "Heaven and earth are born from nature, and all things are born from heaven and earth ("Da Zhuang Treatise"); He also said: "Daoist, the law is naturally transformed, and the prince can keep it, and all things will be self-transformed." "Yi" is called Taiji, "Spring and Autumn" is called Yuan, and "Laozi" is the way. He advocated the combination of "nature" and feudal hierarchy, so as to "be at the top but not overpowering the inferior, and be inferior but not noble." “

Ruan Ji can play the piano well, the sound of playing and the sound of the playing, beautiful and beautiful, "when it is proud, suddenly the remains of the body, when people are called stupid, but the brother of the literary industry every admiration, think that they win themselves." “

Ruan is a young man, who once studied fencing with a teacher, and his kung fu is quite profound. He wrote in the "Song of Songs"; "The boy learns to stab, the magic makes the song city, the heroic wind carries the clouds and mist, and the world makes a strange sound."

Ruan Ji is ambitious, proud, willful and uninhibited, and his joy and anger are invisible. Or close the door to the book, the month does not come out, or climb the landscape, forget to return after the day.

Ruan has the ambition to serve the country, after Sima came to power, the political court was full of many mediocre people, and he was unwilling to join forces with Sima, so he did not want to be an official in his prime years. He followed his uncle to Yanzhou, Dongjun, and Wang Chang invited him to meet him, but he didn't hear a word all day long, thinking that he was unpredictable. Taiwei Jiang Ji heard that Ruan Ji had a genius. I wanted to be summoned to be an official, but I wrote a "note" and said: "Tired and sick with a salary, not strong enough, and the call of the officials is unbearable." ”

Even the Wei general Cao Shuang summoned Ruan Ji to "join the army", and he also wrote a "note" and said: "The old Su Yu was sick, and he was inferior to his illness, and he did not dare to accept his life." ”

He entered officialdom in his late middle age. Sima Yi's former Langzhong, Sima Shi's great Sima engaged in Langzhong, and Sima Zhao's general engaged in Langzhong, because his resentment of the government was difficult to eliminate, so being an official was just an attempt, and he was in his position and did not seek his own government. Sima Zhao appointed Ruan as the prime minister of Dongping, and he "rode a donkey to the county, surrounded the barrier of the mansion, so that the inside and outside looked at each other, the laws and regulations were simple, and he returned in ten days." Later, he served as an infantry captain, but he was still an officer and not a director.

Ruan's origin has the ambition of the world, belonging to the Wei and Jin dynasties, there are many reasons in the world, and there are few celebrities and scholars. Because he does not fight with the world, he drinks alcohol as a matter of course, and he has become a habit. He not only used alcohol to relieve depression and sorrow, but also often used alcohol to pretend to avoid trouble. He had a daughter, and Emperor Wen proposed marriage to Emperor Wu at the beginning, and he was drunk for 60 days without saying a word. Zhong Hui asked questions about current affairs, and all the sins that wanted to be caused by it were exonerated as drunk.

Ruan Ji despises etiquette and religion, and can be blue-eyed. When you see the people of etiquette, you will face them with white eyes. The mother is a pawn, Ji Xi is hanging, and he is white-eyed, and he is happy to leave. When the happy brother Ji Kang heard it, he shed tears and went to the piano, and he saw blue eyes. Therefore, the people of etiquette hated Ruan Ji and tried to punish him, and the emperor protected him.

Ruan Ji was extremely dissatisfied with the government at that time, unable to do anything, and was depressed and hesitant. Sometimes he was alone in his own amusement, driving an ox-cart on the road or in the wilderness, so that the oxen could run freely, and when they reached the wilderness, they wept and returned. He often climbed Guangwu, watched the Chu and Han wars, and said: "There is no hero when there is no hero, so that the shaft becomes famous." ”。

He admired Sun Deng very much in seclusion in Sumen Mountain, and spent a lot of time asking Sun Deng for advice and asking many historical questions, but Sun Deng was as indifferent as ice. He thought that Sun Deng looked down on himself and howled with interest in the middle of the mountain, and Sun Deng also returned the whistle to show that he was like-minded with Ruan. After Ruan Ji knew what Sun Deng meant, he wrote "Mr. Adult", saying: "Mr. Adult, Gai Zhiren, I don't know the surname, the beginning of Chen Tiandi, talking about Shennong and the Yellow Emperor, Zhao Ran, I don't know the number of years of his life." Frequent residence in the mountain of Sumen, so the world is salty or said to be idle, nourishing life and nature together. He regards what Yao Shun does, like his ears in his hands. ”

He also ridiculed the ugly faces of the so-called "righteous gentlemen" from the other side, saying that they "escape from the deep seams and hide the bad wits in the pants of the fleas, thinking that they are auspicious, and they dare not leave the seams and dare not move out of the crotch." I thought I had rope ink. In fact, once the pants are burned, the fleas have nowhere to hide and turn to ashes. ”

Ruan Ji was the first person to create five-character poems since Jian'an, and his "Yonghuai Poems" connected eighty-two five-character poems together to form a huge group of poems, and created an artistic image of a sad and angry poet, which in itself was a very significant initiative and a remarkable achievement, which laid the foundation in the history of the development of five-character poems, created a new realm, made great contributions, and had a significant impact on later writers. For example, Jin Zuosi, Zhang Zai, Tao Qian ("Drinking"), Bao Zhao of Liu Song of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Yu Xin of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Tang Chen Ziang ("Feelings"), Li Bai ("Ancient Style") and other poems are all lyrical words, widely involved in real life, with profound ideological content of the five-character long poems, all of which are the inheritance and development of Ruan's "Yonghuai Poems".

Ruan Ji's "Yonghuai Poems" is either vague or straightforward, showing the poet's deep sorrow of life, full of strong sadness and life consciousness, all of which give people the enlightenment of life of "cultivating the soul and meditating". Ruan Ji's poems vividly show the mental journey of a generation of intellectuals in the Wei and Jin dynasties of pain, struggle, depression and despair, which has profound ideological significance and cognitive value. He made an important contribution to the development of five-character poetry, and Ruan Ji's "Yonghuai Poems", which created the lyrical group of poems, appeared in the Chinese poetry circle with its unique artistic style and aesthetic mood, and aroused strong repercussions at that time. After Ruan's book, poets rushed to imitate his works, and their influence was extremely far-reaching. Later generations gave it a very high evaluation of "being merciful and sympathetic in times of worry, unprovoked in spending, and letting go of the horses and sincere words, which are enough to look at the eight wildernesses and cage everything". "Yonghuai Poems" opened the later generations of Zuo Si's "Yongshi" group of poems, and Tao Yuanming's "Drinking" group of poems.

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