Qinzhou. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

When the crown prince and Li Chao led the French protector army into Qinzhou Port, the Qinzhou Assassin Shi led the Qinzhou officials to greet them at the dock, and the members of the Qinzhou Assembly basically came.

The port city of Qinzhou is still busy and lively, and it seems that it has not been affected by this change.

"Your Highness, we resolutely protect the new law!"

The speaker of the Qinzhou Assembly said loudly.

On the wharf, Cheng Qian addressed the local officials, people, businessmen, and soldiers. At this time, the thousands of soldiers in Qinzhou were also transferred to the Protector Army, and even many local Hanhao and Slang chiefs, as well as the Chamber of Commerce, recruited many people to form a township militia group.

"The human heart is available!" When Cheng Qian went to the city from the dock, he said in surprise.

At the beginning of Jiaozhou, he was dazed, aggrieved, and then angry, and then now firm, and Chengqian is also changing rapidly.

Qinzhou Thorn History Yamen.

Cheng Qian, Li Chao, Ma Zhou, Yang Shidao and a group of people are deliberating.

"Your Highness, the minister thinks that at the moment we should set up a body for the consular general's deliberations, which is not only convenient for commanding the Northern Expedition, but also conducive to the management of the Lingnan region." Ma Zhou made a suggestion.

Cheng Qian expressed his approval.

Li Chao said that it is not appropriate to be the emperor now, Cheng Qian is actually relieved in his heart, he has not thought about becoming the emperor, it seems to be too far away, and it is also a big step that is difficult to cross.

Ma Zhou suggested that officials be appointed according to the official system of the East Palace.

For example, the prince's three divisions and three young princes and the prince's guests, as well as Zhan Shifu, the left and right spring fangs, as well as the prince's family Ling Temple, the rate of the temple, and the six rates of the East Palace.

The temples of the East Palace, in fact, are imitations of the original imperial court of the three provinces and six temples and guards, which is a set of streamlined small imperial courts. For example, Prince Zhan's Mansion is an imitation of the central Shangshu Province, Zuochunfang is an imitation of Zhongshu Province, and Youchunfang is an imitation of Menxia Province. The six rates are imitation of twelve guards and so on.

After the army, it is necessary not only to go on the Northern Expedition, but also to lead Lingnan, and it is impossible to do without a set of institutions.

The appointment of officials and the clarification of authority are also conducive to management and scheduling.

Cheng Qian asked Li Chao for his opinion, and Li Chao expressed his support.

Nowadays, the imperial court is no longer the three provinces and six ministries system of the past, and the weight of Shangshu Province in the past has been moved to the Zhongshu Gate, and there is also the Hanlin Yuan and the Privy Council.

Ma Zhou proposed to restore the central system of the three provinces in the past, but to focus on the Zhongshu and his subordinates.

"Your Highness, the minister thinks that the original Zhan Mansion and the institutional settings of the Left and Right Spring Fang are not very suitable for the current situation. And the central system of the three courts of the imperial court is also a bit too much of a subordinate and too scattered. Li Chao did not immediately agree to Ma Zhou's proposal at this time.

Ma Zhou planned to directly use the original East Palace institution, but Li Chao had his own other considerations.

"Does the teacher have any better proposals?" Cheng Qian asked.

"The minister proposes to set up a cabinet!"

"The Cabinet?"

"This cabinet is like the political hall of the past, and later under the Zhongshu Gate, or the imperial meeting of the three courts of the current imperial court. The Cabinet has a Prime Minister, a Vice-Minister, and five to seven Auxiliary Ministers. Li Chao said slowly.

The establishment, abolition, change, and adjustment of various institutions all have deep-seated meanings behind them. Just as Li Shimin has made the central decision-making body of the imperial court constantly change for more than ten years, he is for balance and power.

And Li Chao is now proposing to set up another set of centers and set up a cabinet, of course, for long-term planning.

To establish a constitutional monarchy, it is inevitable to weaken the imperial power, but the relative power is actually a kind of centralized power and an extension of the imperial power. It is also necessary to properly control the relative power.

And Li Chao really thinks that the three courtyards run by Li Shimin are a little too complicated. Twenty-seven prime ministers, the same for each meeting.

"Institutions such as the Zhan Shifu, the Left and Right Chunfang, the Six Rates, and the Temples are still retained, but the final decision-making body is the Cabinet, the Prime Minister-General, the Cabinet and the Zhufufang, and the secondary ministers and auxiliary ministers are assisted."

This is equivalent to merging the three courtyards together, and the number of Zaifu has been greatly reduced.

The Hallym House and the Privy Council were also retained, but the Hallym Scholars and Privy Councillors were no longer prime ministers.

The cabinet drafted the vote, and the Hanlin Yuan approved the red. However, the bachelor of the Hanlin Academy is only the emperor's working secretary, and it is approved according to the emperor's will, although the power and responsibility are still there, but it is no longer comparable to the bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, who can draft the edict and discuss the major affairs of the military aircraft.

The special establishment of this Hanlin approval is also due to the fact that the prince is young, even if he is not young, he may not be able to handle all political affairs alone, after all, there are seven or eight prime ministers in the cabinet. Even if the pieces were recommended by the cabinet, the emperor couldn't be busy reading them one by one.

It was also helpful to have a group of Hanlin scholars as assistants, helping to deal with the process, giving advice, and giving the results according to the emperor's opinion.

As for whether the Hanlin Bachelor has the right to approve the red, it is difficult to say whether he will have the right to approve the red in the future. No system is perfect, but it is necessary to balance the inside and outside.

As for the Privy Council, it is no longer the Prime Minister, but under the authority of the Cabinet. It is specifically responsible for the military aspect, the Privy Council holds the right to transfer troops, the military department holds the power to command the army, and the crown prince has the right to send troops and select generals.

"Please make the teacher the prime minister!" Cheng Qian stood up and bowed to Li Chao.

Ma Zhou, Yang Shidao and others also felt that Li Chao's cabinet system sounded better than the three courts of the imperial court today. On the surface, the cabinet system seems to be the system under the Chinese book in the past, but after careful consideration, it is different, after all, although the cabinet is important, the emperor still has a veto, and the cabinet prime ministers have different opinions on how to deal with them, they can be returned to the cabinet for redrafting, or directly approve the red to give different decisions.

This prime minister, except for Li Chao, naturally no one else is more suitable.

Li Chao excused himself a few times, and then it was logical to follow.

As a result, Li Chao is now the Taishi, the Prime Minister of the Cabinet, and the King of Zhao.

"Your Highness, Master." Ma Zhou put forward an opinion, "I think that since the cabinet is established, there is no need to retain the Zhan Mansion and the left and right Erchunfang. The cabinet can directly lead the ministries, temples, prisons, and Taiwan. ”

Yang Shidao agreed that the Zhan Shifu and the left and right Erchunfang should no longer be established, but believed that the Yushitai should not be included in the cabinet.

"Yushitai is a minister of speech, a supervisor of hundreds of officials, and should be outside the leadership of the cabinet."

Li Chao thinks this statement is good, you can't be both an athlete and a referee.

"The minister also agrees with Yang Gong's proposal."

Ma Zhou did not object.

As a result, the cabinet commanded almost all the central ministries and superintendents, and the two judicial institutions, Yushitai and Dali Temple, were placed outside.

"Alone awarded Ma Zhou as the crown prince and the second minister of the cabinet."

"Grant Yang Shidao as the crown prince and the imperial doctor."

"Awarded Chu Liang as the young master of the prince and the bachelor of the Hanlin Academy."

Set up a cabinet, remove the Zhan Shifu and leave the Chunfang, and comprehensively adjust the functions of the institution.

It is no longer called the East Palace, but the Imperial Court of the Prison State.

Cheng Qian is the crown prince of the prison state, Li Chao is the prime minister of the cabinet of the prison country, and Ma Zhou is the second minister.

The privy envoy of the Privy Council was granted to Zhang Zhongjian, who went to Nanyang.

"Your Highness, after the abolition of the left and right Chunfang, although there are hundreds of officials supervised by the Imperial History Observatory, the minister thinks that the right to refute the audit is still vacant." The new Hanlin Chengzhi said.

In the past, the three-province system actually had clear responsibilities, with the decision-making of the Chinese book, the review of the subordinates, and the implementation of the book. And the current cabinet is equivalent to decision-making and execution, and it would be unreasonable to give them the right to review and refute them. And the Yushitai is to supervise hundreds of officials, and auditing and refuting are actually two different things.

Li Chao smiled slightly.

It just so happened that Master Yang didn't mention it, and he would mention it too.

"Your Highness, the minister is also very important, and the minister thinks that this power can be handed over to the parliament."

In the past, Menxia Province and Zhongshu Province were in charge of the same secrets, discussed national affairs, and were responsible for reviewing edicts, signing seals, and having the right to refute them. In other words, the Cabinet is now a decision-making center, and the various ministries and superintendents below are the executive bodies.

The Emperor has the right to veto decisions made by the Cabinet and to allow them to be revised or the Emperor directly to put forward other opinions.

However, in the original three-province system, Menxia Province actually had a higher veto power than the emperor. All central decisions, as well as the emperor's edicts, were eventually sent to the province of Menxia, where they reviewed and returned the edict if they objected.

Once returned, it must be modified, or discarded. Otherwise, without the signature of the Ministry of Justice, it will not have legitimacy at all. The emperor's will is the same, if the subordinates do not sign, it is the middle decree, and the officials have the right not to carry it out.

Of course, if the emperor is a bull, he refuses to revise it, and directly sends the edict back to the door.

That ends up being a serious problem.

At this time, there are only two options, either the door is compromised and the signature is passed. Either the emperor dismissed the provincial officials and appointed others. But there is also a risk that if the new person does not pass, it is really serious.

However, in general, the probability of this kind of thing happening is small, and they will compromise and negotiate.

Now, Li Chao wants to hand over this minister to the parliament.

If the parliament gets this power, it will no longer be an ornament, it will be very powerful.

"There are a large number of people in the council, and if everything is handed over to them for refutation, I am afraid of delaying time." Yang Shidao said.

In fact, this is a good solution, and you can set up a delegation or a review committee among the parliamentarians. Select a few to more than 10 people to form this review committee, which is specifically responsible for deliberating and refutating. ”

"Or, there could be six divisions in the House. A number of people or more than 10 people are selected for each subject to form a subject review committee, and one of the six parts of the subject review committee will be formed. It is dedicated to the deliberations of the Ministry, its decrees, decisions, etc. ”

What Li Chao said was actually the six-subject system of the Ming Dynasty in later generations.

The Ming Dynasty set up six departments to give things, corresponding to six departments.

The official grade of the six branches of the Ming Dynasty was very low, and the highest was no more than seven. But the power is very large, and he has the power to refute and assist the emperor in handling the chapters. There is also the right to copy and participate in the department, that is, to inspect the affairs of the six departments. and the right to cancel, which means that the decree and the cantata are attached to the section every day, and are sent to the cabinet for the record every five days, and the executive organ is ordered to deal with government affairs within the specified time limit, and finally the six departments will be verified and cancelled on five days.

Six sections, in charge of attendants, regulations, supplements, relics, and inspections of the six departments. Where the edict is proclaimed, the major events are repeated, and the small matters are issued; If there is a loss, the seal will be played. Where the internal and external chapters are sparse, classified and copied, and signed by the Ministry of Payment, and their violations are refuted.

There were six sections in the Parliament, which was equivalent to the committees in the later Diet.

The Cabinet has six ministries, the Parliament has six sections, the Cabinet has decision-making and administrative powers, and the Parliament has the power to supervise and refute. In this way, the Parliament can go hand in hand with the Cabinet.

"Is there a separate academy of sciences?" Yang Shidao pointed out.

Li Chao could not object, "I think the six sections are set up in the parliament, and it is good to elect the section members from among the members." ”

Cheng Qian thought for a while, "It's okay, then according to the Taishi's proposal, six sections will be set up in the house, and each section will elect section members to control the power of refutation." ”