Although the 18-pound naval cannon is very similar to the red-coated cannon cast by the Qing army, this kind of naval cannon made by the Ming Dynasty is more powerful than the original British Cofeilin cannon of the red-coated cannon.

The British-made Kofilin cannon, with a barrel length of more than 30 times the caliber, is an ultra-long cannon with a straight trajectory and a high muzzle velocity. Since the Portuguese sold the salvaged naval guns from a British shipwreck to the Ming Dynasty, this powerful long ship cannon was named the Hongyi Cannon by the Ming Dynasty.

It is a pity that before the Weddell fleet came to Asia, the British regular warships had not arrived in Asia, so the shipwreck guns sold by the Portuguese to the Ming were obviously a kind of civilian homemade Kofilin cannons rather than the standard guns used by the British.

According to the tests of the Ming gunners, this non-standard 17-pounder British Kofilin cannon has a maximum range of about 400 meters, and the ultimate range is 25 kilometers. At a distance of 400 meters, the shells fired by such a long gun were enough to penetrate the hull of a Dutch plywood ship, thus inflicting a devastating blow on the ship.

The British used small boats to carry such huge cannons, and destroyed the Spanish Armada, thus rewriting the way of naval warfare since ancient times, so that the cannon of the strong ship became the mainstream of naval construction in various countries.

Although the 18-pound naval cannon of the Ming Dynasty is shorter than the British-made Kofilin cannon, and the length of the barrel is 28 times that of the caliber, its power is much greater than that of this British civilian homemade artillery.

Robert Black, an Englishman who accepted the invitation of the Ming Navy and served in the Naval Staff Headquarters, once compared the manufacturing process and shooting power of the Ming naval gun and the British standard cannon.

In the end, he believed that although the raw materials for British artillery were imported from Sweden and were purer than those produced by Daming, the impurities had been removed as much as possible from the molten iron refined by Daming using coke and other additives, and the textures of the two raw materials were not much different.

As for the pouring method of artillery, the British are still using the mud fan, but the Ming Dynasty has begun to use the sand fan and the iron fan. The success rate of the Sand Fan Cast Cannon is higher, while the Iron Fan Cast Cannons can be poured almost continuously. This technical gap can only be bridged by the experience of the Sussex ironmaking craftsmen. But the cost of casting guns on both sides is no longer comparable.

For the boring technology of the integral cast barrel, the British were not as good as the Netherlands, and the Ming Dynasty was not as good as before, but with the advent of the steam engine, the boring technology of the Ming barrel was rapidly surpassing the Dutch.

It is not only the cannon itself that affects the range and power of the cannon, but also the production of cast iron shells. In these two aspects, the British are still groping, while the Ming has begun to standardize* and shells.

In Robert Black's view, the craftsmen of the Ming Dynasty are turning one-of-a-kind masterpieces into mass-produced flowers** and dishes. The British craftsmen who did not have a uniform weights and measures and the production method of one model and one cannon made each British artillery unique, which is the same problem that the Ming Dynasty encountered when he first cast the cannon ten years ago.

So in the end, Robert Black came to the conclusion that if Britain and the Ming had a skirmish at sea, then Britain would still be able to win with a large number of experienced captains and sailors.

But once the war expands and prolongs, then when the old British captains and skilled sailors are exhausted, the Ming will inevitably win the final victory. He even personally calculated that for every time the British sank a Ming warship, the Ming could complete the manufacture of two warships.

At the beginning of the design of the 18-kilogram naval gun, the navy required to penetrate the shell of a third-class warship at a distance of 500 meters. The shell of a third-class warship is stronger than that of Huang Taiji's shields, after all, the warships have been strengthened at the beginning of the design, and can disperse part of the impact of the cannonballs to the entire ship, but these shield cars do not have such a design.

In addition, although these shield carts are equipped with wheels, it is human power that pushes them forward. The Ming army's 18-kilogram artillery shells can penetrate the shell of a warship at a distance of 075 meters, and it is as easy as tearing a layer of paper for this thick pine plank covered with a layer of iron.

The cannonball that pierced the shield cart directly from the front directly crushed the inside of the shield cart into a puddle of flesh. The shells hit the corner of the shield cart from the side, and the Qing soldiers who were hiding in the shield cart pushed the cart were only lucky enough to dislocate their shoulders, and those who were unlucky directly broke their arms.

The worst thing is that the craftsmen who made this kind of shield car may not have considered the problem of steering, or deliberately did not set the wheels of steering, so that these Qing soldiers were brave enough to move forward and not retreat.

The Qing soldiers who rushed to the gap in the city wall found that this gap not only did not become a weak point for attacking the camp, but instead became a trap used by the Ming army to block them.

According to the plan of the Qing army, after the artillery opened the gap in the city wall, it would continue to fire at the wall near the gap to prevent the Ming army from condescending to attack them.

But now their artillery positions are full of smoke, and the gunners are busy salvaging* and artillery, and they can't care about assisting them in the siege of the city. However, the artillery of the Ming army directly covered the vicinity of the gap, as if smashing walnuts with a hammer, smashing the shield carts near the gap one by one.

As for the second-line troops behind them, they were intercepted by the barrage of small artillery of the Ming army at this moment, not only could not support them, but even some people had begun to retreat.

And this was not the worst moment, the shield carts hiding behind the city wall found that although they had escaped the fire of the Ming artillery, the Ming army, which had lost the artillery suppression, had returned to the city wall, and these Ming troops used * to drop and attack them.

Although the shield cart can cover most of the debris after the explosion, once the * explodes behind the shield cart, it is the result of a group of people lying down. These Qing soldiers who belonged to the Zhenghuang Banner had never fought such a battle, and this kind of scene may not be able to escape with their lives, not to mention shooting arrows at the city wall, or hiding in the shield cart without moving.

This kind of war is so cruel that everyone doesn't know if they can survive the next second, and even if they don't die by luck, they will become a cripple with missing arms and legs.

Although the Manchus attached great importance to military merit, they had never heard of soldiers like them who were crippled without meritorious service to be supported for a long time. At this moment, even the most loyal veterans of the Great Khan could not support it anymore, and as a Zhenghuang Banner soldier abandoned his companions and turned around and fled to the rear, the hundreds of soldiers of the first wave of the Qing army besieging the city finally stopped waiting for the order to withdraw their troops from the rear, and fled on their own.

Just as the staff officers of the General Staff of the Ming Dynasty have always warned the ordinary soldiers in the Ming army that the most vulnerable moment for an army to suffer losses is not the moment when it attacks in the face of the enemy, but the moment when it flees with its back to the enemy.

These Manchu soldiers taught this lesson to the soldiers of the Guards, the first wave of Manchu siege troops about 800 people, at the gap in the city wall about 100 people, and when they fled, they lost nearly 200 people, this is because the Ming army could not go out of the city to pursue the results of the victory.

The naval officers who stood on a tall building in the city watched the battle, and a British captain subconsciously said: "This is not a war, this is simply a massacre." ”

A naval officer from the Han dynasty in Liaodong said with regret: "It's a pity that our ship can't go ashore, otherwise these Jiannu will know what a real artillery battle is." ”

Huang Taiji, who had retreated to a safe area, had time to re-examine the situation on the battlefield at this time, although Tuna explained that the army's artillery should not hit the target three miles away, but for the sake of his own safety, Hauge and Dolgon forcibly pulled Huang Taiji to a place nearly 4 miles away from Yingkou.

At this distance, it is already difficult to see the situation under Yingkou City with the naked eye, which also has the advantage that the fiasco of the siege troops does not have to be witnessed by the generals of the Eight Banners.

Most of the princes of the clan who were qualified to wear the telescopes made by the Akito did not dare to look closely, but only put away the telescopes after a brief look. This battle was a solid slap in the face to Huang Taiji, making his previous words of reprimand for the Dorgon brothers a joke, of course, everyone did not dare to point it out to his face.

The guards beside Huang Taiji suddenly shouted in a panic: "Khan, you are bleeding." ”

Dolgon, Haoge and other Eight Banner nobles suddenly turned their heads to look and found that Huang Taiji had begun to bleed again. Dolgon subconsciously looked away, but his heart was not so calm, "It seems that the frequency of nosebleeds is getting higher and higher." ”

When Dolgon was still thinking about something in his heart, he saw that Huang Taiji forcefully pushed away Ao Bai and Haoge, who wanted to step forward to support him, and scolded in his mouth: "It's just a nosebleed, what is there to make a fuss about."

Hauge, go and gather the front army and settle the wounded soldiers. In addition, I found out the first person who did not obey the order to evacuate without authorization, we have been fighting with the Ming army for so many years, and no one has ever dared to escape from the battle, they think that Ben Khan treats them too favorably, and they are not even afraid of military law?

After I catch someone, I will apply military law in front of the army, but I want to see who dares to defy the law.

Ao Bai you will help Shi Tingzhu and Ma Guangyuan to withdraw the Wuzhen Chaoha troops, and count the losses and report them to me.

Yingordai, you preside over the overall situation for me, gather the army and retreat 2 miles to re-camp, and stop the battle today..."

After Huang Taiji assigned the task of the generals, he took a silk handkerchief from Sonny and blocked his nostrils, and at this time the blood stains had been stained on the armor on his chest, which looked very scary.

Everyone took the order one by one, and did not dare to look up at Huang Taiji's face. Huang Taiji looked at the direction of Yingkou City and was silent for a long time before he said behind him: "Tuna, tell me, why can the Ming artillery shoot so far?" But it looks much lighter than our God-blessed General? ”