Chapter 85: A Hundred Years of Party Struggle
It wasn't until Hideyoshi said this that Hideho remembered the great event that happened in the third year of Bunroku (1594 AD).
Friends who have watched "Dae Jang Geum" or "Shang Dao" should have a deep understanding of the party struggle in the Joseon royal court in the play, and Yi Sunsin is naturally inseparable from this matter.
In the first year of Jeongdeok (1506 AD), the eleventh king of Joseon, Jungjong (the one in "Dae Jang Geum"), with the support of the minister Pak Wonjong and others, overthrew his elder brother Yeonsanjun and ascended the throne.
Because he was a puppet elected by the heroes, in terms of administration, Jungjong had to rely on Park Wonjong and others. Correspondingly, the heroes led by Park Wonjong organized an old faction in the imperial court to carry out political operations in place of the king.
In order to eradicate the old school, when Park Yuanzong and other heroes died of illness, Zhao Guangzu and other new scholars of Shilin came to the stage of history, and they were called Shilin School.
As the Shilin faction relied on the support of the Zhongzong to grow day by day, the old faction and the Shilin faction also reached the point of incompatibility. Therefore, Hong Jingzhou, the new leader of the meritorious faction, and others launched the "Ji Mao Shi Disaster" in the 14th year of Zhengde (1519 AD), arresting and killing Zhao Guangzu and other leaders of the Shilin faction, which dealt a serious blow to the power of the Shilin faction.
Zhongzong did nothing in this major political event, neither helping Zhao Guangzu and others to come forward, but also unable to suppress the arrogance of the meritorious faction. His performance heralded the beginning of the era of the loss of power of the Joseon king.
Since then, a new political force has emerged in favor of the son. Under the leadership of the country's uncle Yoon Ren and the royal family's in-law Kim An-ro, they engaged in a tug-of-war with the old faction in the imperial court. Although the Shizi faction was once attacked by the meritorious faction, with the death of Park Jingfei, the core figure of the meritorious faction, the Shizi faction eradicated the power of the meritorious faction.
However, there was a split within the Shizi faction, first the uncle Yin Ren united with the princess of Zhongzong, Queen Wending, to oust Jin Anlao, and then there was a ten-year fierce war between the Great Yin faction and the small Yin faction led by the uncle Yin Ren and Yin Yuanheng (uncle and nephew).
After the death of Zhongzong, the prince of the Daeyin faction inherited the throne, that is, Renzong. But Injong only served as monarch for one year, and after his death, Kyeongwon Daejo, the son of Yoon Wonheng's sister Queen Wending, succeeded to the throne, that is, Myeongjong. As a result, the Xiao Yin faction gained power.
In the twenty-fourth year of Jiajing (1545 AD), the Xiao Yin faction launched the "Yi Si Shi Disaster", eradicated the power of the Great Yin faction, and Queen Wending listened to the government, and the era of dictatorship with Yin Yuanheng and his wife Zheng Lanzhen began, which is also the prototype of "Women's World".
What is staggering is that in this year, many famous figures were born, including Rokkaku Yoshiji, Masuda Nagamori, Yamauchi Kazutoyo and Yamanaka Yukimori, but the most heavyweight was Yi Sunsin, which cannot but be said to be providential.
Queen Wending weakened the authority and influence of the monarch through more than ten years of autocratic power. In order to regain power, Mingzong supported Shen Yiqian and other relatives to contain Yin Yuanheng, and the prototypes of the Eastern People's Party and the Westerner Party were slowly formed in the future.
After the death of Queen Wending, Shen Yiqian, together with Yin Yuanheng's protégé Jin Xiaoyuan and others, staged a coup d'état to oust Yin Yuanheng from power, and even wanted Yin Yuanheng's wife Zheng Lanzhen on the charge of poisoning the wife of the main room. After that, the imperial court fell into the hands of the Shilin faction headed by Shen Yiqian and Jin Xiaoyuan.
After the death of Ming Zongxu, his nephew was made king for Xuanzu, that is, Li Hao. Queen Renshun, the queen of Mingzong, began to listen to the government and cultivate power for her brother Shen Yiqian. This aroused strong dissatisfaction from another group of Shilin factions such as Jin Xiaoyuan, who did everything possible to prevent Shen Yiqian and his faction from entering the center of the imperial court.
The confrontation between the two Shilin factions of the predecessors and the younger generations gradually took shape, and the political event that really prompted the transformation of these two forces into the East People's Party and the West's Party was the "Yihai Party Theory". Since Kim Hyo-won lived in the eastern part of Seoul and Sin Eui-kyun lived in the western part of Seoul, they each centered on the two of them and formed the Dongren Party (Yeongnam School) and the West-Japanese Party (Giho School).
After that, the Dongren Party had Xu Ye as the leader, and the Westerner Party had Park Chun as the leader, and the two of them, like Kim Hyo-won and Shen Yiqian, were the backbone members of the Shilin faction that overthrew Yin Yuanheng that year, and they also maintained conflicting political views.
Xu Ye relied on the opportunity of being an envoy to the Ming Dynasty to obtain the strong support of the suzerain, and served as the highest official position in the imperial court. And Pu Chun also successively held the highest official positions in the imperial court, such as the left council, the right councillor and the leader council. As a result of their accession, the power of the East People's Party and the Western People's Party has been unprecedentedly enhanced, and it has further developed to the point of controlling the government.
Seonjo was powerless to stop the two major party rivalries, and the government was abandoned due to partisan struggle, but the era of partisan politics in North Korea for more than 200 years had just begun.
The struggle between the East and West parties reached its peak around 1590. Li Shanhai of the Dongren Party succeeded Park Chun, the veteran of the Westerner Party, and sat in the position of leading the government, while the leaders of the Westerner Party, Chung Cheol and Yoon Doo-su, respectively held the official position of Zuo Yizheng and Licao Judgment, which were one level lower than Li Shanhai. It can be said that on the eve of the decisive battle, the Easterners took an advantageous position.
At that time, the two concubines that Seonjo loved the most were Gong Concubine Jin and Ren Concubine Jin. The two princes born to Concubine Gong were Linhae-kun and Gwanghae-kun, and the prince born to Concubine Ren was Shinjo-kun. In this way, the battle for the position of **** revolves around these three princes.
However, to the disadvantage of Linhai-kun and Gwanghae-kun, their mother, Kyo-concubine Kim, had already passed away at the age of twenty-four, and it was difficult for them to fight against Shinjo-kun without their mother's protection. However, the political strife in the imperial court soon expanded to **. The struggle between the East and the West began.
The Dongren Party believes that Linhae-kun and Gwanghae-jun are the eldest and second sons of Seonjo respectively, and Gwanghae-kun has a good character, so they support Gwanghae-kun; The Westerners had already been co-opted by the Jin family, so they supported Shinjo-kun.
After that, Zheng Che, the leader of the Westerner Party, appeared on the stage, igniting the fuse of the **** dispute, and also igniting the fuse of the decisive battle between the East and West parties.
In the minds of the common people and scholars, Zheng Che has a very noble image, and in the imperial court, he has successively held the official positions of the right and the left, and has accumulated good power for the Westerners.
For this reason, after Li Shanhai of the Dongren Party failed to win over Zheng Che, he tried to get rid of this thorn in his side in order to stabilize his position in leading the government.
Coincidentally, the battle for the prince gave Li Shanhai a very good opportunity. On the part of the Westerners, they have always supported Ren Concubine's son Shin Cheng Jun as the son, even if Zheng Che himself does not support it, but due to party affiliation, Zheng Che must support Ren Concubine and Shin Cheng Jun. Li Shanhai and others seized this opportunity and launched an attack on Zheng Che and the Westerners.
Li Shanhai took advantage of Zheng Che, Yin Doushou and others to propose Xinchengjun before they proposed Xinchengjun, and first proposed Liguanghaijun as the prince. Seonjo, who prefers to favor Gwanghae-kun, basically agreed with Li Shanhae's suggestion. Then, Li Shanhai's son Li Qingquan bribed Jin Gongliang, the brother of the Jin family, and asked him to falsely accuse Zheng Che of deliberately supporting Xinchengjun in order to achieve the purpose of disturbing ** and framing the prince.
Under the continuous pressure of the Dongren Party, in order to protect her son Xinchengjun, Ren Concubine Jin could only abandon the car to protect the handsome, betraying Zheng Che and the Westerner Party.
In this way, Gwanghae-jun was successfully canonized as the prince, and the power of the Westerners in the imperial court was swept away in an instant.
However, at this time, the contradictions within the Dongren Party also intensified to the point of no return, and the Northerners Party headed by Li Shanhai and the Southerners Party headed by Liu Chenglong officially appeared, and the Easterners Party was divided into these two major parties.
Li Shanhai has held almost all the official positions of the imperial court, knows the political affairs and personnel of the imperial court well, and is the first giant of the Eastern People's Party in the later period and the strongest leader of the Northern People's Party.
Liu Chenglong also held most of the official positions in the imperial court, and was the second person in the Eastern People's Party and the first giant in the Southern People's Party.
At that time, Li Shanhai held the position of leading the government, and Liu Chenglong held the position of the left council, nominally Liu Chenglong wanted to listen to Li Shanhai, but if the national policy of the imperial court did not have the support of the right council, it would be difficult to implement. Li Shanhai led his Beiren Party to stick to the hard line, and Liu Chenglong led his Nanren Party to stick to the steady line. Once again, the political landscape of the imperial court was divided in two.
In the 19th year of Tensho (1591 AD), Hwang Yun-gil and Kim Seong-il returned to China, and they brought news of Japan's imminent invasion of Korea. However, there was still a lot of political struggle in the imperial court, and the Jurchen tribes in the north were becoming more and more unified and powerful, and the threat to Korea was increasing.
The following year, Hideyoshi officially issued an order to go to Korea, and within four days, Busan, Dongnae, Yangsan, and other important coastal defense towns of North Korea fell one after another. The rest of the coastal defenders fled, and the Korean coastal defense line quickly collapsed. Only 17 days after the landing, the Japanese army entered Seoul without bloodshed. The Joseon court fled to Kaesong.
At this time, under the impeachment of Liu Chenglong, Li Shanhai, the leader of the Beiren Party, was charged with misleading the country and was ousted from the position of leading the government, and Liu Chenglong sat in the position of leading the government as he wished.
Liu Chenglong first sponsored Yi Sunsin, Quan Xuan and other famous generals who had resisted the Jurchen tribe with his death, and asked them to lead the land and water army to block the Japanese attack; Later, he promoted Li Dexin, a counselor and a senior student of Licao, and asked him to go to the front line to negotiate peace with the Japanese army.
It is a pity that Li Dexin did not slow down the pace of Japanese aggression. The Japanese army reorganized a little and continued its northern offensive to capture Kaesong, and the Joseon court fled to Pyongyang.
Seonjo put all the blame on Liu Chenglong, and under the pressure of the remnants of the Northern People's Party and the Westerners' Party, Liu Chenglong took the blame and resigned, transferred to the Pyongan Province Observation Envoy, and was ordered to organize a righteous army with Kim Chengyi to resist Japan.
At this time, Yin Doo-shou, the leader of the Westerners' Party, was temporarily invited out to serve as the leader of the council for a period of time. Soon, Pyongyang also fell, and Rinhae-kun was captured.
In this way, after only two months and two days, the three capitals of Korea were lost, and Seonjo, with the help of Zheng Zhuo, a member of the Westerner Party, led the courtiers to flee to the northern border of Yiju, and sent Li Dexin to ask the Ming Dynasty for help.
Liu Chenglong of the Nanren Party mastered military power through war, and although he was relegated to a foreign position, he obtained a certain amount of military power with his ability to recruit rebels.
Secondly, the fleet led by Yi Sunsin, a famous general of the Korean naval army, attacked the supply lines of the Japanese fleet many times and made great achievements, so Yoo Sung-ryong, who recommended Yi Sunsin, naturally obtained the magic weapon again.
Third, Li Dexin, who was sent to the Ming Dynasty to ask for help, was also a member of the Nanren Party, and the subsequent Ming Dynasty reinforcements would naturally stand on Liu Chenglong's side.
Just after Li Shanhai and Liu Chenglong were forced to step down, the Westerners Party took advantage of the opportunity of Yin Doo-su as the leader of the parliament to try to make a comeback and eliminate the southerners and northerners who were originally the Easterners.
The atmosphere of the main battle in the Ming court was high. Mingshenzong ordered Song Yingchang to be the strategy and lead the anti-Japanese affairs; Li Rusong, the commander-in-chief of Shaanxi, was urgently transferred to Liao, as the commander of the Eastern Expedition, and was in charge of the overall military. The Ming Dynasty mobilized 40,000 elites from all over the country. The 40,000 troops, led by Song Yingchang and Li Rusong, crossed the Yalu River and marched into Korea.
Li Dexin, as the receiving officer of the Ming Dynasty army, soon reached a tacit understanding with Li Rusong on political cooperation. The psychologically preconceived officers of the Ming Dynasty naturally began to support the forces of the Nanren Party in the imperial court.
After that, the Ming army relied on the superiority in firepower to defeat the Japanese army, forcing the governor to lead the army to flee to Seoul.
The victory of the Ming army greatly boosted the momentum of the Nanren Party in the imperial court. Li Dexin and other pro-Ming faction forces overwhelmed the North People's Party and the West People's Party at once.
With the support of Li Rusong and other Ming generals, Seonjo restored some of Liu Chenglong's official positions.
Ten days after the end of the Battle of Pyongyang, Li Rusong took advantage of the victory and marched to regain Kaesong. North Korea has recovered Pyongyang, Kaesong, and five provinces, including the Yellow Sea, Pyongan, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, and Hamjing.
The combined forces of Li Rusong and Yoo Sung-ryong continued to advance southward, heading towards Seoul. Although the Ming army suffered a defeat in the subsequent Battle of Bihuguan, the subsequent Battle of Longshan, the Ming army attacked the granary of the Japanese army, causing the Japanese army to suffer a crushing defeat.
In desperation, the main forces of the Japanese army, which were active in various parts of Korea, regrouped and held on to Seoul. At this point, the Sino-Korean coalition forces and the Japanese army entered a phase of stalemate, and the military situation on the Korean Peninsula also tended to be stable.
Li Rusong, who succeeded in counterattacking, reextended his power back to the Korean court. At this time, Yi Sunsin led his fleet of tortoiseshell ships to victory after victory in naval battles, and the army led by Yoo Sung-ryong also made great achievements. Under the protection of Li Rusong, Li Dexin and others, Xuanzu once again appointed Liu Chenglong as the leader of the council. Many members of the South People's Party have also been promoted in large numbers, and the prestige of the South People's Party has once again reached its peak.
However, the power of the SPP did not last forever.
On the side of the Ming Dynasty, due to the fact that Shangshu Shixing, the military department sent by the lord and faction of the DPRK, came to power again, and Li Rusong did not receive follow-up reinforcements, he was unable to further attack the Japanese army; On the North Korean side, due to the martyrdom of Kim Seong-il, a key member of the South People's Party, and the regrouping of the forces of the North People's Party and the West People's Party, Yoo Sung-ryong and other officials, who advocate a steady policy, do not want the war to expand. Since neither side wants to fight, then there is a possibility of peace talks.
After that, all Japanese troops withdrew from Seoul, and all parts of the country were recovered, except for parts of the coastal areas of Jeolla and Gyeongsang 2-do.
At this time, a new round of party struggle began, first of all, the Westerner Party made a comeback, and through their many activities, Seonjo had the idea of re-employing important members of the Westerner Party, such as Zheng Che unexpectedly returned to the imperial court.
Seonjo decided to send Zheng Che as a thanksgiving envoy to the Ming Dynasty, and the Westerners were about to seize this opportunity to win over the Ming Dynasty. However, in the face of the situation of the Westerners, the Southerners will not sit idly by. When Zheng Che returned to China, Liu Chenglong and others impeached Zheng Che one after another. Under pressure, Zheng Che had no choice but to resign and live in Songting Village on Ganghwa Island, where he died soon after.
With the end of the Battle of Munroku, Korea entered a brief period of peace. And the political situation of the imperial court gradually stabilized after being controlled by the Nanren Party.
Seonjo, who thought that the overall situation had been decided, promoted a large number of officials in order to reward his ministers. With the efforts of the Beiren Party, Li Shanhai, the leader of the Beiren Party, returned to the imperial court and served as the governor of Dunning and the great student.
In order to bring down the Southerners, the Northerners tried to seize on the foundation of the Southerners and deal a heavy blow. After the main force of the Ming army withdrew from Korea, the main military force supporting the Nanren Party was the Korean naval army led by Yi Sunsin, who had made many military achievements. Therefore, in order to get rid of Yoo Chenglong, you must first get rid of Yi Sunsin.
However, Yi Sunsin was, after all, a hero with extremely high military exploits. At that time, the Korean army retreated, and only Yi Sunsin's navy never allowed the Japanese army to take advantage of the slightest, and repeatedly blocked the rear transportation lines of the Japanese army.
In order to be able to successfully defeat Yi Sunsin, the Beiren Party recruited the famous general Won Jun. There had been a huge disagreement between Won Gyun and Yi Sun-sin over their military exploits, and the Beiren Party took advantage of the personal contradictions between the two to weaken the Nanren Party. With the support of the Beiren Party, Won Gyun-sang-sung framed Yi Sun-sin for colluding with the Japanese army during the war.
Coincidentally, at this time, the governor also heard that there was some criticism of Sunsin in Korea, so under the instruction of Hideyoshi, he sent his cronies to the camp of Kim Yingrui, the right soldier of Gyeongsang-do, and claimed that the delay was due to Kiyomasa's obstruction, and falsely claimed that Kiyoseong was about to go to sea, and asked the navy to attack Cheongsho at sea.
Ying Rui did not dare to delay and reported the situation, the governor and Qingzheng were not in harmony, and the Koreans knew about it, so Li Hao urged Shunchen to send troops, but Shunchen suspected that the enemy was cheating, wandered for several days, and refused to go to sea.
At this time, the governor sent a letter again, saying that Qingzheng had landed on the shore, but the North Korean army did not send a navy to intercept him, and all the blame was placed on Sunsin's head.
Although Li Hao did not believe that Yi Sunsin collaborated with the enemy, because Li Shanhai controlled the Yanlu, the situation was very unfavorable for Yi Sunsin.
At this time, Liu Chenglong considered that the overall situation was initially decided and did not want to have a large-scale conflict with the Beiren Party, so he abandoned the car to protect the commander and did not actively prevent the Beiren Party from impeaching Yi Sunsin. Yi Sunsin was also charged with "trumped-up" charges and was arrested by the Righteous Forbidden Mansion, while Yuan Jun became the new temperance envoy of the Three Naval Army.
In this way, the century-long party struggle in North Korea has finally turned a generation of famous generals into the "Korean version of Yue Fei", and as for whether Yi Sunsin will repeat the tragedy of Biboting, we will see later.