Chapter 192 Electrochemical Engineering

As soon as he went to work in the morning, Zhang Zhimu was in a good mood. At breakfast, Li Zhi said: "Mr. Lu, they have sent back a letter, and they have done all the things that need to be done in Jinnan." He was about to rush back, and on the way back, he wanted to go to Lishan and Taiyue Mountain to take a look and come back. ”

A few days ago, Zhang Zhimu had already met the group of people who came back from Taiyue Mountain, Lishan and Li Mao. After these people came to Yaogang, they felt new everywhere they saw, and the guest rooms arranged for them were beyond their imagination. Because the rooms have heating, indoor toilets and running water, as well as glass windows.

However, after Zhang Zhimu finished talking to them, Chen Yufeng took them over. When these people saw Chen Yufeng, Zhang Zhimu knew what it meant to drop one thing. These people have long heard of the name of "Mountain Harrier", and Chen Yufeng's years of internal cultivation have made these people in the martial arts know the catties and taels of both sides at a glance, and Chen Yufeng has such a high position in the kiln, these people immediately respect Chen Yufeng like a god.

Taking advantage of the fact that there was no big deal, Zhang Zhimu called Li Di over.

Li Di knew that Zhang Zhimu would not call him over if he was fine, so when he came, he also brought two of his own people over.

After a few people sat down, Zhang Zhimu asked, "Don't you feel bored doing electricity during this time?" ”

Li Di and the others were a little embarrassed, when Zhang Zhimu gave them a lecture at the beginning, they didn't have specific contact with electricity, and they felt a little boring. Now they are obsessed with it every day. Li Dong said with a smile: "That period has long passed. Now we don't know what to do when we leave the electricity every day. ”

Zhang Zhimu asked again: "What we are doing now is direct current, and the main electronic components used are resistors. When we do experiments, we use copper and iron wires as resistors, but if we apply such resistors in practice, it will be very troublesome. ”

Li Di also nodded and said, "Yes, the resistance is too inconvenient." ”

Zhang Zhimu took out a few drawings from the drawer and said, "This is the style of several carbon film resistors I designed, you can take a look." ”

Zhang Zhimu gave them two types of resistors, one is porcelain tube type and the other is magnetic rod type. The high-power ones use the porcelain tube type, and the low-power ones use the magnetic rod type. Carbon film resistors are also not troublesome to make. First, the purified graphite powder is mixed with diluted shellac and stirred evenly, and then coated on the surface of a magnetic rod or porcelain tube. It should be heated in a vacuum, but now there is no condition to take the method of direct heating. Since the resistance value of each resistor is different, the resistance value parameter can be adjusted by cutting with a knife. Solder copper wires at both ends of the resistor as pins, and coat the outside with a layer of tung oil. For aesthetic reasons, you can apply another layer of red paint.

After listening to Zhang Zhimu's introduction, Li Di asked: "Can the resistor made by this method really work?" ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Okay, you can try the rest slowly." ”

Li Di was still saying when they went out: "It would be great if this was easy to use." ”

Zhang Zhimu thought to himself, in his previous life, this thing was used all over the street, and it was strange that it was not easy to use. However, it is still necessary to build a vacuum pump, otherwise it will be possible to produce stable and reliable resistors in large quantities in the future, and it will not work without a vacuum environment. Besides, there are too many places where vacuum will be used in the future.

After the arrival of Qingfengzi's master and apprentice, the news brought to Zhang Zhimu was mixed. The good news is that sulfuric acid and nitric acid have been produced normally, which means that nitrocellulose, that is, smokeless, can be produced in large quantities.

However, Qingfengzi said: "Not yet, our soda ash production is still limited, so caustic soda can't make too much." Without caustic soda cotton, it cannot be degreased into absorbent cotton, and how can nitrate cotton be produced without absorbent cotton? ”

Zhang Zhimu knows that the current shortcoming is still caustic soda, but now with electricity, the new alkali method can be used to produce soda. Zhang Zhimu said: "It seems that the original alkali production method can not meet our needs. I will tell you about a method of producing alkali by electrolysis of table brine. ”

Qingfengzi interrupted Zhang Zhimu and said, "Mr. Zhang, interrupt." I may not be able to participate in the work of alkali production. Now nitric acid sulfate can be produced normally, and it can be carried out normally without me. I'm going to leave for a while and go back to the mountains. ”

Qingfengzi's words made Zhang Zhimu very disappointed, and said: "I originally wanted you to withdraw and engage in some basic research, and when our school opens, I will invite you to give a lecture." Why do you want to go back? ”

Qingfengzi hurriedly said: "Mr. Zhang, don't get me wrong. I'll go and come back for a while, not in a few months. I don't hide it from Mr. Zhang, I will also give a lecture to the senior brothers and disciples of the mountain, the little thing on our mountain is already too ridiculous, and everyone still has to hide it, I want them to open their eyes and see the world. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "That's the best, our chemistry class is over, but many experiments have not been done." Our basic tests have been completed, and the properties of all the commonly used substances we are exposed to must be summarized, and many parameters have to be tested. This is a beneficial work, and we need to start it earlier. ”

Qingfengzi was obviously moved by Zhang Zhimu's words, and he said, "Don't worry, Mr. Zhang, I will rush back as soon as possible." I will definitely not delay the work you mentioned, and I will be back in July or August at the earliest. As for the alkali making work, let Li Shoutan and them do it. It's time for them to do something about themselves, too. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "We have to study the matter of alkali production slowly, now there is a thing to be done soon, I asked you to come back this time is for this matter, last time you helped me to purify graphite people to send me, I want to produce expanded graphite, they have helped me with graphite before, familiar with graphite, so this time it is best for them to do this." ”

Qingfengzi said, "It's no problem, I can send them over tomorrow." ”

Zhang Zhimu felt that while Qingfengzi and the others were there, he wanted to tell them his whole idea, but if he wanted to engage in electrochemistry, he had to invite Li Di and them over, and without Li Di and them participating, electrochemistry would not be possible. So far, Qingfengzi's understanding of electricity is the content of the physics course that Zhang Zhi has taught.

Zhang Zhimu said: "Master Qingfengzi, let's do it, today I will go and call a few of us who are engaged in electricity to come over, and we will study the problem of electricity and chemical industry together." With electricity, many problems can be solved. ”

Qingfengzi said: "Of course it's good, we have always been concerned about electricity in the smelter, but it's too far away, there is no way." ”

Zhang Zhimu got up and asked Yang Yulin to invite Li Di and them over, and when they came to the outer room, they saw three beauties studying a vase with orchids. Zhang Zhimu asked, "Where did the baby come from?" ”

The three of them were too concentrated, they didn't notice that Zhang Zhimu came out, and when they heard Zhang Zhimu's question, the other two hurriedly returned to their seats, Yang Yulin said: "Look, it was burned out of our kiln, it was originally given to you, and when people saw that you had guests, they let this go first." ”

Zhang Zhimu heard that he burned it himself, and his heart moved, he knew that that kind of blue was called cobalt blue, and if it could burn cobalt blue, then there must be cobalt element. With cobalt, you can use cobalt as a binder to make cemented carbide. He immediately said, "Call me the kiln chief who fired the kiln, I have something to ask." And call Li Di over immediately, we will wait for him to discuss things. ”

Zhang Zhimu knows very well that the white ** (potassium chlorate) and nitrocellulose (smokeless**) produced in the kiln are experimental production, not industrial large-scale production methods at all, and if you want to support the needs of the war, the current production methods are far from enough. The production of potassium chlorate can be produced by extracting potassium chloride from carnallite in Yuncheng, and then electrolyzing potassium chloride to produce potassium chlorate. At present, potassium carbonate is made from plant ash, and then reacted with lime water to produce potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid is used to prepare ** with salt (sodium chloride) and soft manganese ore (manganese dioxide), and then ** is reacted with potassium hydroxide to prepare potassium chlorate. Not to mention the high cost of such production, it is impossible to form a large-scale production capacity. Similarly, caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) for the production of absorbent cotton can be prepared by electrolysis of table salt (sodium chloride), which can be produced on a large scale. Now the only shortcoming is the production of nitric acid, at present I can't think of a good way, can only use sulfuric acid and saltpeter reaction to produce, this method consumes a lot of sulfuric acid and saltpeter, fortunately in the problem of saltpeter, Lu Chengxiang They have found a new purchase channel, and sulfuric acid can be produced by itself. As long as the source of saltpeter is secured, this production can be carried out. There is really no saltpeter, and potassium nitrate can also be prepared by boiling soil nitrate, but this yield is even lower. As for the use of ammonia oxidation to produce nitric acid and synthetic ammonia, we will have to wait until later, in particular, I know a little bit about the principle of synthetic ammonia, and I don't know how to produce it. This will be done by Qingfengzi after they have a deeper understanding of chemistry. At that time, the real chemical industry will be produced together with synthetic ammonia, nitric acid, fertilizers, etc.

Chemical production requires the support of a certain industrial base, which is definitely not something that can be achieved overnight. Fortunately, after persistent efforts, the goal has not deviated, and now the foundation for the production of smoke-free ** and white ** has been had, if their chemical production can be carried out on a large scale, the foundation of the kiln will be greatly strengthened.

After Li Di arrived, Zhang Zhimu introduced his ideas for future chemical production to them.

These things are all certain challenges for both Li Di and Qingfengzi. However, they have all listened to Zhang Zhimu's chemistry class, and they can still understand the general principles of Zhang Zhimu's lectures.

After listening to Zhang Zhimu's introduction, Li Di asked: "Are these chemical products built in the kiln or in the smelting plant?" ”

Zhang Zhimu knew that these chemical productions were polluting to a certain extent, and that production workshops could not be built in the kilns, he said: "These workshops must be built on the side of the smelter." In the future, all chemical plants will be built in smelters. There are all in charge of Master Qingfengzi. ”

Li Di said: "The smelter is going to build its own power plant. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Yes, a large power plant is going to be built at the smelter, and Li Yunhe and their large marine steam engine are almost ready, and now they are transporting equipment to the Lingshui wharf, and when they succeed in the test, they will immediately build a large steam engine on the basis of this steam engine to generate electricity for the smelter." In this way, when the smelter has electricity, not only can it be used for chemical production, but many other places can be powered by electricity, and those small steam engines can be stopped. ”

Qingfengzi took over and said: "I think the design of the production equipment of our chemical plant must be worked out first, and the design of the power plant can also be carried out at the same time, don't wait." ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "In this matter, I will ask Lu Bingyi to work with you on an overall design, determine the location of the power plant and the chemical industry, and work on whichever side can be carried out first." ”

Li Shoutan interjected next to him and said: "I think it is still a little more difficult to produce electrolysis equipment. ”

Zhang Zhimu and people who like to use their brains, this Li Shoutan has not spoken and is still thinking about the idea. Zhang Zhimu said: "The words of guarding the altar are on the point. The difficulty is here, and I will solve this problem with you. Wait until everyone has decided on the overall plan. I will explain the main difficulties of production equipment to you, you don't have to worry, we apply the principles that we have mastered, but there will be some problems in specific applications. However, those are all problems in the process, and you can improve them while doing it in the future. ”

Zhang Zhimu wanted to take advantage of the fact that Qingfeng did not leave, and first set the general direction of the factory. It was requested that Qingfengzi's master and apprentice stay in the kiln today, wait for tomorrow to meet Lu Bingyi and others, and then go to the smelting plant to discuss with Li Dong and decide the location of the power plant and the chemical plant.

When Zhang Zhimu sent Qingfengzi and Li Di away, Yang Yulin brought in the head of the kiln. Wu Yao Chang was an honest man, he didn't know what Zhang Zhimu asked him to do, and he was a little nervous.

Zhang Zhimu asked: "Chief Wuyao, did you burn that orchid vase?" ”

As soon as the chief of the martial kiln talked about the vase, he relaxed a little and said: "We burned it, and those southerners know how to burn porcelain, and they made it." ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "I looked at that porcelain, what is it not bad with the southerners? It's beautiful. But what I want to ask you is, where did you get the paint for the orchids on the vase? ”

Only then did the chief of the kiln know the reason why Zhang Zhimu came to him, and he said: "That's the case, didn't you get some ore from the lead mine last time to refine zinc?" Our southern porcelain-burning people found that there was something in the ore that seemed to be something that could make blue pigment, so they jumped out and did an experiment, this is not this thing, it is really blue pigment. ”

Wu Yao's words, Zhang Zhimu could feel his heartbeat when he heard it. He said, "You send them at once on an important mission, send them two carts to our two mines, and pick out a cart of pigment ore for me." I'll reward them when I come back. ”

The martial kiln chief knew that Zhang Zhimu would be very useful if he was so interested, so he didn't ask again and replied, "Okay." I'll go back and arrange for them to do this now. ”

When Zhang Zhimu was interning in the factory, he used a hard alloy turning tool, and listened to the master tell the master that the hard alloy is processed by using cobalt as a binder to process tungsten carbide by powder metallurgy.

At this time, Zhang Zhimu missed the master who took him very much. In addition to not knowing foreign languages, the master had absolutely no less knowledge of machinery and metallurgy than those engineers, and his knowledge was much broader. Zhang Zhimu's understanding of tungsten is entirely the result of his teachings. The master told him about the smelting of tungsten and the production method of tungsten alloy. This is also the reason why Zhang Zhimu went as far as Jiangxi Dayu to get tungsten ore back. However, since he never got the information about cobalt, he didn't have the idea of using tungsten, but he didn't expect to finally find cobalt blue this time. Because cobalt blue contains cobalt.

The master said that cobalt blue materials can be refined into cobalt. Of course, the content of cobalt is too small, and it takes a very complicated process to produce cobalt. However, cobalt is very toxic, so be careful when encountering a little.

With cobalt, cemented carbide will be made, so that the entire machining capacity will be greatly improved.

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