In the course of his research on generators, he discovered that not only magnets, but also any object emits a stream of energy. For example, our hair can emit electric sparks a lot of the time. However, the magnet can emit more energy, so in the process of working, it can convert its own energy into electrical energy.

After focusing on the study of this energy, he found that the electric field and the magnetic field are closely interdependent. A time-varying electric field causes a magnetic field, and a time-varying magnetic field causes an electric field. When the field source of the electromagnetic field changes with time, the electric field and the magnetic field excite each other, resulting in the movement of the electromagnetic field and the formation of electromagnetic waves.

The propagation of electromagnetic waves does not require a medium, and electromagnetic waves of the same frequency have different velocities in different media. When electromagnetic waves of different frequencies propagate in the same medium, the higher the frequency, the greater the refractive index, and the smaller the velocity.

And electromagnetic waves can only propagate in a straight line in the same uniform medium, if the same medium is inhomogeneous, the refractive index of electromagnetic waves in it is different, and in such a medium it propagates along a curve.

When passing through different media, refraction, reflection, diffraction, scattering, absorption, and so on occur. The propagation of electromagnetic waves includes ground waves that propagate along the ground, air waves that propagate from the air, and sky waves.

The longer the wavelength, the less attenuation, and the longer the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, the easier it is to continue to propagate around obstacles. Therefore all waves are volatile. Diffraction, refraction, reflection, and interference are all wave properties. ”

Zhu Zhanji listened a little foggy, he understood all these professional terms, but when all the words were combined, he was a little confused.

"I don't know much about this, that is, you made the phone based on the principle of electromagnetic waves?"

Ma Dian nodded and said: "At first, the minister did not want to make this kind of utensil, which His Majesty and the noble concubine called a telephone, but wanted to use the principle of electromagnetic waves to make a telegraph without wires.

However, Chen can't solve the problem of electromagnetic wave attenuation now, without the transmission of circuits, the attenuation of electromagnetic waves is very fast, and it is difficult to get the application......"

Lan Yan said at this time: "I have an idea, since electromagnetic waves have attenuation, you just mentioned that you don't need a medium to propagate, but the propagation attenuation in the same medium will be reduced." If we were to put the electromagnetic waves of the two telegraphs at the same frequency, would the attenuation be mitigated? ”

Ma was stunned for a moment, and then immediately jumped up as if he was enlightened. "Electromagnetic waves, the same electromagnetic waves...... I'm so stupid, why didn't I think of building an electromagnetic wave emitter, so that the problem of electromagnetic wave attenuation would be solved. ”

This time, it was Lan Yan's turn to be surprised, and she looked at Ma Dian in surprise as she ran around like an ant on a hot pot, muttering to herself from time to time touching the equipment in the laboratory.

"Your Majesty, this Ma Dian seems to have discovered something unusual."

Zhu Zhanji is still a little confused, they are studying the phone, the phone has come out, what is more unusual!

He whispered, "What?" I don't understand what you're saying! ”

Lan Yan glanced at Zhu Zhanji, and seemed to be a little laughing at his lack of learning. However, she still explained in a whisper: "If we can solve the attenuation of electromagnetic waves, we can use electromagnetic waves, wireless telegraphs, and radio stations, and we can start to build." Ma Dian's just said that the establishment of electromagnetic wave transmitters is actually the same reason as our later generations said that the radio station. ”

Zhu Zhanji was surprised to see Ma Dian lying in front of a telegraph machine silently, and he didn't dare to disturb the other party, who knows how many wild ideas he has in his head now, if he destroys his inspiration all at once, it will be a big deal.

Ma Di and other scientific and technological researchers, naturally knew not to disturb Ma Dian in this situation, and everyone retreated one after another, not daring to disturb Ma Dian.

Zhu Zhanji came to the corridor, and then instructed Li Yuan to say: "You go and inform Jinyiwei, count all the people present today, everyone asks them to sign a confidentiality letter, and when it comes to electromagnetic waves today, no one can spread it outside, but it is a phone call, so there is no need to keep it secret." ”

Li Yuan was ordered to leave, and Zhu Zhanji sighed and said, "Ma Aiqing, you have taught a good son!" ”

Although Madi did not specialize in electricity, his main major was equivalent to the physical mechanics of later generations, which began with his earliest contact with gliders and gradually deepened into it.

Nowadays, the imperial court's aircraft, ships, steam turbines, and propellers have made outstanding contributions.

But today's talents are all-rounders, and he actually knows better than Zhu Zhanji how important his son's invention is.

Nowadays, the use of electricity is still limited to industrial electricity, and in terms of household electricity, the research and utilization of electricity by the imperial court is still in its infancy.

However, if the scientific and technological application of electromagnetic waves is studied in depth, a more esoteric discipline will be born.

So he was very proud in his heart, and he couldn't hide it in Zhu Zhanji. His face smiled like a flower, and he said modestly and insincerely: "This is all Your Majesty's wisdom, and the dog can make some contributions." ”

Zhu Zhanji said unabashedly in front of everyone: "This is not a little credit, if Mingguang can really develop wireless telegraphy, telephone, and radio station, a hereditary duke is not enough to praise his merits!" ”

Everyone took a breath of cold air, hereditary dukes, now Ma Di is a duke of Fuguo, if Ma Dian is also a duke, this is a family of two dukes, comparable to the Xu family in the founding period.

Moreover, since the Yongle Dynasty, the imperial court titles have undergone a major reform, and the hereditary titles were good in the past, and most of the current titles are descending from generation to generation.

Even if it is a great merit, it is at most three generations of grace, and after three generations, it will descend from generation to generation.

In the past few decades, no matter how great the military merits, there has not been a real hereditary title reward.

Zhu Zhanji said: "This is the achievement of Ma Electric in the research institute, and the patent will be counted to the research institute at that time, but Ma Electric still has a five-point profit share." You are now in charge of the research institute, and you must distinguish between public and private. ”

According to the rules of the Institute, the research results of all researchers belong to the Institute, that is, to the royal family, and are under the unified control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

However, the research institute that obtains patents has a 5% profit share, which may not be a big deal if it is an ordinary research achievement, but like telephone, telegraph, and radio, these are all industries that can give rise to monopoly giants in the future.

This income will be great in the future.

Ma Di hurriedly said: "The minister's family is already rich enough to rival the country, and he is willing to give up this five points." ”

Zhu Zhanji shook his head and said: "Everything is according to the rules, as long as it is legal property, even if it is the royal family, it will not be blushing." ”

The royal family is indeed not blushing, because the current Ming royal family is the richest family in the world. Zhu Zhanji didn't know how much wealth he had, because he couldn't count it at all.

And Madi thinks that he is rich and rivals the country, but he is not a lie.

The Ma family can be said to be the Zeiss company of the Ming Empire, producing the most advanced crystal, high-definition glass, and telescope lenses.

This is just the ancestral business, Ma Di has investigated a total of 500 inventions in the past 40 years, in addition to some technological improvements, there are more than 100 inventions and technological innovations, which have brought a steady stream of wealth to the Ma family.

Not to mention Ma Di and several other sons, the capacitor invented by Ma Electric alone has brought Ma Dian's personal net income of more than 100,000 silver coins in the past year.

Madi still doesn't realize that Ma Dian's invention is an invention that can change the world, and if he really succeeds in mass-producing telephones, creating wireless telegraphy, and building Daming Radio based on electromagnetic fields, it will be a huge fortune.

And these aspects will be monopolized by Zhu Zhanji on the grounds of national security, and the wealth brought by these technologies is even more amazing.

Of course, the role of wealth in this era is definitely not as great as that of a knighthood, and what Zhu Zhan cares about is not economic interests, but the benefits after having telephone, wireless telegraphy, and radio.

With a telephone, he will be able to extend his command tentacles directly to every military camp and every commander.

With a phone call, he can keep abreast of the changes that have occurred in any corner of this Ming Dynasty.

With the telephone, the Ming royal family's control of the place can enter a more stable stage.

Wireless telegraphy can ensure that the information exchange in various parts of the Ming Dynasty is not limited by telegraph lines, and the command system in the army can go directly from the general to the hundred households, and the combat effectiveness of the army can be brought into full play.

With the radio, Zhu Zhanji can ensure that in any corner of the Ming Dynasty, the people can directly hear his voice and understand the dynamics of the imperial court.

Rebellion will become an impossible task with great difficulty in the future.

Zhu Zhanji does not understand how these technologies work, but he can know the impact of these technologies on the world.

That's why he excitedly said that he was willing to reward a hereditary duke to reward Ma Dian.

Of course, it all depends on the fact that PE makes these things smoothly.

At this time, Ma Dian finally came to his senses and came to the door to apologize to Zhu Zhanji. "The minister is too surprised, and I hope Your Majesty will forgive the minister's faux pas."

Zhu Zhanji said with a smile: "It's nothing that I was left out, as long as your head can contribute to the Ming Dynasty, then you must protect it." Now that you've come to your senses, I'll take a look at the phone you made. ”

This telephone is the same as when the original world telephone was first built, and the speaker and receiver are separated. People need to put their headphones to their ears and speak into a radio device.

When introducing this invention, Ma Electric said: "Chen has long been interested in the transmission of sound, and he dismantled a lot of amplifiers when he was a child. The volume of our speech will affect the distance traveled, and the louder the voice, the farther it will travel.

The loudspeaker is to amplify the vibration of the sound to make the sound travel farther. After the discovery of electromagnetic waves, the existence of sound waves was also confirmed......"

Zhu Zhanji couldn't help but ask: "Are you sure of the existence of electromagnetic waves?" ”

Although the minister did not see it, he confirmed it. For example, when we speak, the open space travels farther, but if there is a wall in the middle, it will cut off the sound. Then the propagation of sound is transmitted at the frequency of waves.

When he was researching wireless telegraphs, he fell into a bottleneck because of the attenuation of electromagnetic wave transmission. At this time, it occurred to me that since the telegraph could transmit electric current, it should also be able to propagate sound.

After experimenting with sound vibrations, Chan made a sonic collector. The received sound waves are transmitted through an electric current, and then a megaphone is used at the other end to reverse the sound waves, so there is a ...... Phone. ”

Zhu Zhanji asked, "How are sound waves collected?" ”

"It's very simple, since sound can vibrate, it will naturally have different frequencies. It's just that these frequencies are difficult to restore in the past, and the minister only needs to find a medium that can resonate. For example, the toner used by ministers now ......"

Ma Dian didn't realize the psychological shadow that this kind of IQ crushing gave Zhu Zhanji, and continued: "As long as the mind is open, the truth is actually very simple. The amplifier can amplify the sound, and the same thing can restore the sound, and it is not difficult to understand the collection of sound by thinking backwards. The current is only a transmission medium, which shortens the distance that is originally very long, and in the process of sound propagation, it is only a bridge. ”

Zhu Zhanji didn't feel that this kind of IQ suppression was very depressed, but was happy, everyone is good at different things.

He reminded: "If you follow this principle, is it possible to use toner to make a working medium, which can record sound, and then restore it through special means?" ”

Ma Di didn't understand what Zhu Zhanji was talking about at this time, but Lan Yan knew very well that he was talking about tape recorders and tapes.

These technologies are all derivative inventions of the disciplines that Ma Electric is currently researching, and this is indeed a bit ahead of its time when Ma Electric has not really mastered the technical principles in this area.

Lan Yan smiled: "Regarding the principle of sound storage technology, this can be studied later." Your Majesty, rest assured, I will urge Mingguang to conduct research in this area. In the concubine's view, it is more important to establish an environment with a common electromagnetic field in Daming. ”

Ma Dian immediately said excitedly: "Chen has already thought about it just now, although the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the air is attenuated, the speed of attenuation is not fast. To solve this problem, you only need to test the transmission distance of the electromagnetic wave, and then establish a relay point of the electromagnetic wave when it is about to decay to the end.

As long as sufficient manpower is provided to the minister, the minister is confident that he can complete the test in this area within one year and study an electromagnetic wave ......."

Obviously not knowing what words to use to clearly express what he wanted to say, Lan Yan said for him: "Internet." ”

He read the word network again, nodded and said, "Yes, it's like the nodes of a fishing net, forming a complete electromagnetic wave network." ”

This network, of course, is not the Internet network of later generations, but a radio network. Moreover, Zhu Zhanji also knew that the construction of this project was actually very simple.

It only takes a few hundred miles to build an electromagnetic amplifier at a high altitude to propagate the signal to every place.

In contrast, building a radio is more complicated.

But with the direction of development, any research can actually be traced and can be followed step by step.

This is much easier than in the original world, where inventions were discovered as if they were by chance.

A few decades ago, Zhu Zhanji, even if he had some extravagant hopes, never imagined that he could enter the era of electrification in his own era.

However, this horse electric not only invented the capacitor, but now also invented the telephone, and the wireless telegraph is also very likely.

This has unparalleled benefits for the stability of the Empire's rule. The promotion of science and technology to the whole world is also very huge.

In Zhu Zhanji's view, this is definitely more important than the war in the northwest.

He instructed: "The entire Xiamaqiao Research Institute will concentrate manpower and material resources to help Madian improve its invention and conduct all-round tests." If we can complete the transmission attenuation test of electromagnetic waves before the end of the year and build a wireless telegraph, I will be rewarded.

In the future, the electromagnetic wave project of the Electric Power Research Institute will be included in the Imperial Special Secret Project, and even the detailed rules of the patent application will not need to list detailed equations. All research projects on electromagnetic waves will never be decrypted until others have studied them. ”

Zhu Zhanji looked at Li Yuan, who had already returned, and he was followed by Zhang Mao, the commander of Jinyiwei.

Zhang Mao was Zhang Fu's only son, and after Zhang Fu's death at the age of eighty-two in the 33rd year of orthodoxy, he was made the Duke of England.

He is the son of Zhang Fu, and he gave birth to this only son at the age of sixty-six, but he has not been pampered. And he is humble and down-to-earth, and his temperament is resolute.

Zhu Zhanji also liked him very much, and never let him become a vassal, but left him in the capital, and even let him serve left and right.

When he was sixteen years old, Zhu Zhanji married his youngest daughter Yinping Xu to him, but it coincided with the death of Zhang Fu, and after a year of filial piety, they were married.

He has always had a good relationship with Yinping and his wife, and he has been married for six years and has given birth to two daughters and a son, and he has not even married a concubine.

Although he is young, his seniority is not low at all, and his status in the capital is significant. And although Yingzhou Mansion does not have him in charge, the other Zhang clansmen have been managing it in an orderly manner, he is a sister-in-law and Zhu Zhanji's son-in-law, and no one dares to cross him.

Zhu Zhanji arranged for him to be an errand in Jinyiwei, and he also did a good job.

Zhu Zhanji looked at him and said: "Everyone present today must be strictly protected, and the researchers involved in this project are included in the list of special talents, giving priority to the allocation of housing, cars, and increasing promotion qualifications." Ma Electric should arrange a special car and four bodyguards to protect him. ”

Zhang Mao bowed down to promise, but Ma Dian was a little anxious, and hurriedly said: "Your Majesty, the ministers are out of the way, and they can't stand the constraints, if there are guards to follow wherever they go in the future, I'm afraid it will be ...... Even...... Unintentionally studied ......"

For decades, no one dared to talk to Zhu Zhanji like this. If it were an ordinary official, Zhu Zhanji would have been reduced to a degraded position a long time ago, but he is more tolerant of this kind of genius.

Moreover, he was also afraid of too many constraints and stifled Ma Dian's talent.

Zhu Zhanji couldn't help but shake his head and smiled: "You talked to me about the conditions,...... Okay, tell me, what do you want? ”

Ma Dian was speechless at this time, he wanted to be free, and he didn't want to be around a few burdens every day. But if he wants to say what kind of life he wants to live, he himself doesn't know.

Zhu Zhanji said for him: "That's it, I will give you a few conditions, you can see if it is suitable." ”

Seeing that his father kept making his eyes, Ma Dian also came to his senses, and hurriedly bowed down and said, "Please instruct Your Majesty." ”

Zhu Zhanji said: "I promise you to choose a researcher as an assistant, and if you have any ideas on weekdays, you can say them, write them down, and then organize them into a book."

If you don't want to be restrained, I won't be difficult for you, except for a driver, Jinyiwei and others will be secretly protected in the future.

If you want to go sightseeing, tell me that my special train is ready for you. However, I can't take part in dangerous projects, and I won't allow adventures like flying.

If you want to go to sea and play on the island, I will give you the Yongle to use. On the ship, I will arrange for you to have beautiful women from all over the world, and you can enjoy yourself, and all the expenses will be counted as mine.

As long as you don't spend more than half of the year playing, I can play whatever you want. As long as you don't kill people indiscriminately and rebel, you will bear all the great sins.

As long as you live happily every day, use your smart head to work for Daming. I will ensure that your family will prosper in the future, the Ming Dynasty will continue to prosper, and the Ma family will continue to continue.

What about this condition? ”

Not to mention Ma Dian, even others were shocked by these conditions.

Zhu Zhanji's special train, which even the prince and grandson have no right to use.

Yongle is a royal cruise ship, and so far only Zhu Di, Zhu Zhanji, the dead queen Sun Xian, and Lan Guifei have ridden.

A few years ago, Zhu Xue, the eldest princess who was favored by His Majesty, wanted to take her sisters and sisters out to play with the Yongle number, but Zhu Zhanji did not allow it, and finally only gave her the orthodox number of one size smaller, and let a group of princesses go to the Nanyang region to play for a few months.

Not to mention that in Zhu Zhanji's conditions, in addition to rebellion, he can even help Ma Dian to kill people, this grace is incomparable to anyone.

Madi pulled the stunned horse lightning, and both father and son knelt down. "I beg your majesty to take back your holy order, to be loved by your majesty, and not to be a stubborn dog. But...... The world has its own rules, there are no rules, and the ministers and fathers dare not exceed the rules. ”

Zhu Zhanji stepped forward and helped one person with one hand and asked them to get up. Haha laughed and said: "Mingguang alone can be worth 100,000 troops, and it is not too much to praise me." My promise has always been valid, as long as you are not afraid of Prime Minister breaking your legs, I will help you get any beautiful woman you want. ”

Ma Dian smiled embarrassedly and said, "The minister doesn't dare to act rashly, I just want to ask Your Majesty to marry the minister in person when the minister gets married." ”

Putting forward this condition, Zhu Zhanji even glanced at Ma Dian. Although he jumped out, after all, he was also a child of an official family, and he knew how to measure it. Mu Xiu will be destroyed by the forest wind, Zhu Zhanji appreciates him so much now, but he is not pampered and arrogant.

Zhu Zhanji immediately nodded and said: "I not only married you as the main marryer, but also gave you Ma Mingguang's golden book and iron scroll, and Ze was used for future generations." ”

The golden book iron scroll is also called the Danshu iron coupon, the Dan book: write with cinnabar; Iron Deed: A certificate made of iron. After the Tang and Song dynasties, the Danshu was changed to pure gold inlaid with iron molds, so it was renamed the Jinshu Iron Scroll.

This is the ancient emperor to give the meritorious hero to enjoy the preferential treatment or exemption from the certificate of guilt, in the folk is called the gold medal of avoiding death.

The text of the Ming Dynasty Golden Book Iron Coupon has changed significantly. The first is to seek rebellion and only forgive other capital crimes; Second, the number of death-free deaths is less, and children and grandchildren will inevitably die.

Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di rewarded a total of 60 family gold books and iron scrolls, but in Zhu Zhanji's hands, this was the first gold book and iron scroll to be rewarded.

For him, he would rather have a loyal minister finish than a gold medal in the name of death-free.

As for their children, they cannot lie in the shadow of their ancestors.

But for Ma Dian, a genius, he is willing to make an exception.

Ma Electric didn't say a word at this time, and immediately knelt down again. "Thank you for your majesty's generous reward, and in the future, you will be Your Majesty, and you will die for Daming!"