Since it's a family, it's easy to talk. Gongsun Kang asked, "Your old man will take me as an apprentice now?" ”

"What's the hurry?" The old yellow head said disdainfully: "If you want to enter the cave room, you must first worship the church, and there must be a ceremony to accept apprentices." ”

Uncouth! It's vulgar. Gongsun Kang muttered in his heart: Where is the legendary mastery of riding a donkey across a small bridge, drinking wine and chanting poetry? Pretend to be elegant when you see Liu Da'er, and pretend to be a hooligan when you see me?

I heard Old Man Huang asking, "Boy, how much do you know about the Mo family?" ”

"Mo family" Gongsun Kang replied while thinking about his memories: "I really know a lot.

The Mohist family was born around the Warring States period. The founder is Mo Zhai (Mozi). Mohist is an important academic school in the pre-Qin period, and Confucianism is called Xianxue, and Taoism, but also the trend of the court, the so-called world of learning, not to Yang but to Mo, is talking about this situation.

The Mohists were a highly disciplined academic society, and their leader was called the "Juzi".

According to the Mohist regulations, the Mohists who were sent to various countries as officials must carry out the political ideas of the Mohists; It's better to quit when that doesn't work. In addition, the inkers who are officials should donate money to the group, so as to "share the wealth". Leaders should lead by example.

Mohists are a school of leaders, doctrines, and organizations, and they have lofty social ideals and a strong sense of social practice. The Mo scholars endured hardships and stood hard work, were strict with themselves, and regarded the maintenance of justice and morality as an unshirkable responsibility. Most of the ink writers were knowledgeable laborers. ”

Huang Chengyan nodded and said, "Boy, yes, you really know something." So do you know the split of the Mo family? ”

"Know a little," Gongsun Kang continued: "After the death of Mozi, the Mo family was divided into three major factions, namely the ink of the Xiangli clan, the ink of the Xiangfu clan, and the ink of the Deng Ling clan (see Han Feizi Xianxue).

The main ideas are to talk about debate, engage in and tell stories, in which to talk about debate is to debate, to engage in is to study science, and to talk about books is to teach and study various classics. They each thought it was authentic, on par, no one obeyed anyone, and even poured into each other's nest to fight, causing the vitality of the Mo family to be greatly damaged.

In the late Warring States period, the three schools of Mohist sects converged into two branches: one was transformed into a ranger in the Qin and Han dynasties, and the other focused on the study of epistemology, logic, mathematics, geometry, optics, statics and other disciplines. ”

"Yes, yes." Huang Chengyan nodded again and again, "You know a lot about the history of the Mo family. ”

"Such an important academic school in the pre-Qin period, after the transformation of the Qin and Han dynasties, suddenly disappeared in the early Han Dynasty. Why? Gongsun Kang humbly asked Huang Chengyan for advice.

"It is mainly a matter of Mohist doctrine, which is both love and non-aggression, and opposes annexation between countries. It's not in the interests of the rulers. Huang Chengyan said with emotion.

Co-author, your old man also understands this? If the Mohist doctrine occupies the ideological territory, then it is still the Seven Kingdoms vying for hegemony, and there will never be a unified China!

Of course, there are many other factors for the disappearance of the Mo family:

For example, the suppression of Confucianism. Since Confucianism has gained the upper hand in the court, as soon as Mohist students show up, they will be suppressed and ruthlessly suppressed by Confucianism.

For example, the Mo family is upright and unyielding, and would rather be broken than broken.

Sima Qian's "Biography of the Rangers" written in the historical records, the spirit and actions of the rangers who must believe their words, do their deeds, promise to be sincere, go to the danger of others, and save people in distress are not just like the people of the Mo family? It's just that their names are no longer Mo Jia or Mo Scholars, but they are called --- Rangers!

It is precisely this kind of persistence and dedication to ideals that the Mohists have a brave spirit, and they can sacrifice their lives without hesitation for the sake of justice and morality.

Based on the spirit of the Mo family, who would rather die and have no hesitation, it is speculated that in several wars to unify China, for the peace in their hearts, the brothers of the Mo family have gone to the front line. None of them will retreat, but would rather die. But how many disciples does the Mo family have? Can you die forever?

Huang Chengyan asked again: "Boy, do you know the ideological ideas of the Mo family?" ”

"Of course I do," Gongsun Kang replied. I muttered in my heart: This is the content of the history class.

The Mohist school is divided into the early and late periods: the early period mainly deals with socio-political, ethical and epistemological issues, and focuses on the wars and turmoil of the present world; In the later period, Mohists made important contributions to logic and began to move closer to the field of scientific research.

The main ideas of Mohist ism are: advocating equal love between people (love and love), opposing wars of aggression (non-offensive), advocating economy and opposing extravagance and waste (thrift), attaching importance to inheriting the cultural wealth of predecessors (Ming ghosts), and mastering the laws of nature (Tianzhi).

The basic ideas of Mohist Buddhism mainly include the following ten propositions:

Love, non-attack, Shangxian, Shangtong, thrift, funeral, non-music, Tianzhi, Ming ghost, non-life.

Simultaneous love: complete fraternity (as opposed to the Confucian kiss, the father's kindness, the son's filial piety, brother's friend, and brother's affection...... and so on, and extend to other strangers. ）

Non-offensive: Opposition to wars of aggression. (War is a meaningless act of sabotage that harms the loser, hurts people's lives, and damages their talents.) For the victorious side, it is only a few cities and taxes, but in general the damage and losses are also huge, so war is a pointless act. ）

Shang Xian: Regardless of whether you are high or low, meritocracy.

Shang Tong: Serve the people wholeheartedly and eliminate the disadvantages for the society. (There is a saying that "Shangtong", which believes that the Son of Heaven is the head of a hundred officials, and the people obey the orders of the hundred officials, and they are the same as the above, which is the meaning of "Shangtong".) ）

Tianzhi: Master the laws of nature. (There is a saying that the Son of Heaven administers on behalf of Heaven, and it is inferred from the same concept that the people act according to the will of Heaven.) ）

Ming Ghost: Respect the wisdom and experience of predecessors. (There is a theory that the Mohists said that the ghosts did not be superstitious, but hoped to use the gods and ghosts to make the people vigilant and not evil.) ）

Non-fate: Take control of your own destiny through hard work.

Non-music: Get rid of the shackles of hierarchical ceremonial music, and abolish the cumbersome and extravagant chime making and playing. (Ancient music was time-consuming, costly, and useless to the state without the act of production.) ）

Saving: Saving to expand production. Against a life of luxury and pleasure.

Festive burial: Do not waste the wealth of society on the dead. (The Confucian burial costs money, and the funeral takes three years, and after three years, people are weak and need help to get started, which affects the country's productivity, which is a wasteful thing.) ）

In addition, there is logic, etc.; Mozi was also an outstanding scientist who made significant contributions to mechanics, geometry, algebra, optics, etc., which is beyond the reach of contemporary scholars. The achievements of the Mohists in science have been praised by many scholars, and Cai Yuanpei, the first education chief of the Republic of China, believes that "the pre-Qin Dynasty was the only Mozi who governed science." Historian Yang Xiangkui said: "The scientific and technological achievements of the ancient Chinese Mohists were equal to or surpassed those of the whole of ancient Greece." ”

Old man Huang stroked his beard, but said excitedly: "Boy, you know everything, I have thought that I can't be addicted to preaching and receiving karma." Well, I'll talk about the current situation of the Mo family. ”

The Mohists are now divided into two parts: light and dark.

The Ming Department, also known as the Ministry of Industry, inherited the skills of the Mohists and craftsmen, not to talk about ideals, but to scientific research.

The dark part, also called the thorn part. It inherited Mohist thought and force. Assassin assassinations. The rangers of the Qin and Han societies were their peripheral members.

The old yellow head is just an elder of the Ming minister. It's not a giant.

Only those who carry forward the Mohist ideology and unify the two parts of light and dark are worthy of being called giants, so now the position of giants is still vacant.

(End of chapter)