How important ethylene is, of course, Zhao Xin is clear, he is the foundation of the chemical industry, without ethylene, countless chemical plastic technology trees in later generations cannot be built.

Zhao Xin was also very happy to be able to find a feasible experimental method from organic matter that he had not been exposed to at all, especially when its product was still ethylene.

The idea is very beautiful, but the reality is very skinny, if chemistry is so easy, then there will not be many scientists involved, and the research will finally lay the foundation.

Zhao Xin's major in university is not chemistry, he even because of archaeology, has put chemistry aside, more than 9 years, can memorize so many chemical formulas and experiments, thanks to the middle school time, laid a solid foundation, but these are the basic knowledge in the school, not a theory, counting on this, will automatically deepen chemistry, on time impossible.

Polymer chemistry and ionic chemistry are two completely different fields from the traditional chemistry in middle school, and even some theories of chemistry in middle school are wrong at a higher level.

At this moment, Zhao Xin didn't think too much, when the person in charge of the experiment mixed concentrated sulfuric acid and high-purity alcohol together, it was useless, after mixing, there was no reaction, and there was no product.

Zhao Xin personally participated in this experiment, and under the observation of the card system, in fact, there is ethylene production, but this amount is too small to be negligible.

Similar reactions, in fact, are widespread in nature, oxygen does not react with iron, this is said in secondary school chemistry, but iron rusts, this is a direct reaction between iron and oxygen, but this reaction is very small, and it must be completed in a long time.

Of course, this reaction process will not be as long as rust, it will accumulate over the years, but at the moment, such a beaker of substance, to completely complete the reaction, it will take at least several days, or even longer, such a slow speed, not Zhao Xin is willing to see.

Just like a humid environment and water, which can speed up the process of iron rusting, this is a catalyst, or an environmental factor, what Zhao Xin is looking for is a kind of chemical reaction that can be produced in large quantities, or provide a catalyst for this reaction, a suitable environment, etc., rather than now, such an ionic state, or even produce a tiny reaction.

Unfortunately, he didn't know how to do the whole experiment, whether to add catalyst or something else, and after careful consideration, he decided to heat it.

In chemical reactions, heating is a very common method, and even in later generations of chemical production, high temperature and high pressure are also commonly used reaction processes.

High temperature can improve the activity of substances, so that they have more oxidizing properties, many substances, at room temperature, it is difficult to be oxidized, but once heated, it can, this is the tropic to give a relatively strong oxidation effect of the substance, and the most extreme, is combustion.

A fire, maybe at the beginning, is just a cigarette butt igniting the confetti, but when the confetti ignites other things, especially some chemicals, the temperature that erupts can burn almost everything, some scenes after the fire, the whole building, whether it is glass, steel bar, or other things, even bricks, are burned, and all that remains is a piece of bricks and tiles.

Zhao Xin remembers that when heating, the activity of ethanol and concentrated sulfuric acid will also increase, for example, the reaction of concentrated sulfuric acid with iron is itself a passivation reaction process, but once iron is iron powder, it can be reacted under the premise of heating and stirring.

Temperature is an important indicator, and Dinghai Navy has a relatively accurate temperature measurement equipment and thermometer.

After having glass, there is no problem with the manufacture of thermometers, whether it is an alcohol thermometer or a mercury thermometer, there is no problem.

The combination of glass and mercury determines the obvious temperatures of 0 and 100 degrees, and the temperature can be divided, and then a thermometer is made.

Zhao Xin did not choose the card temperature, but chose the Celsius temperature, because the Celsius temperature is the most commonly used range in human life.

There are two most basic points in the determination of Celsius temperature, which are mainly used to measure the three states of water.

The ice-water mixture is zero, which is actually the freezing point of the water, that is, below zero, the water will freeze.

Boiling water is 100 degrees, above 100 degrees, the water will boil, and it will change from liquid water to water vapor.

This is a natural phenomenon that will occur in nature, which can be measured and obtained, even without the help of external forces, it can be completed in a year at most, as long as in the winter, in the severe winter, find the ice, and then mix it with water, to the extent that the ice water mixture, you can determine the zero degree.

100 degrees, it's even simpler, boil a pot of water, in the crazy boiling water, this is the temperature of 100 degrees, unless it is boiled dry, it will always be this temperature.

Of course, Zhao Xin will not wait for a year, or to winter, the production of nitric acid is completed, and there is a large amount of saltpeter, they are a natural coolant, when there is no compressor, nitric acid ice has become the easiest way to make ice, in later generations, in the sixties and seventies, when there was no large number of refrigerators and freezers, nitric acid ice ice lollily factories are widely existing in China.

As long as nitric acid makes some ice, and then ice is added to the water to form a state of ice-water mixture, it is zero degrees.

As long as there is a closed, uniform glass tube, the gas is pumped out, a simple thermometer is formed, and at different temperatures, mercury will undergo thermal expansion and contraction, thermal expansion and contraction of mercury, water forms different heights, zero degree is a position, 100 degrees is a position, and then it is divided equally, after the equalization, it is a thermometer from 0 degrees to 100 degrees.

A uniform glass tube is not only a position, according to this scale, the higher temperature is depicted, this is the simplest physical characteristic.

Zhao Xin doesn't know the measurement limit of the mercury thermometer, but it is expected that it can be used within 300 degrees, and it cannot be used as a thermometer for smelting, but it can be used daily, similar to simple heating.

Eventually, the mercury thermometer of the Navy was set to a temperature range of minus 20 degrees to 280 degrees, almost 300 degrees Celsius, which is also the usual temperature space.

For dehydration with concentrated sulfuric acid, of course, the temperature cannot be too high, Zhao Xin can't remember what the boiling point of sulfuric acid is, but it is best not to exceed 280 degrees.

In fact, Zhao Xin is not a professional, and later learned through research that the limit temperature of mercury is 347 degrees, which is also the critical point of concentrated sulfuric acid vaporization.

At present, simple heating, mercury thermometer has been possible, higher level thermometer, for the time being has not been made, in fact, the most need for advanced thermometer, is the steelmaking plant, temperature on steelmaking is very large, sometimes, a reasonable and stable temperature, can make the quality of steel improve several grades, at present, can only be with the help of skilled technical workers, with the method of visual inspection.

Thermometers are a common thing in the laboratory, and even this time, a little more was used, and more than 40 were found, and then the next experiment came.

Different thermometers, inserted into the bottle, and then start the heating process, the temperature is slowly rising, different reagent bottles, the ratio of mixed alcohol and concentrated sulfuric acid is different, you can find a more suitable ratio from the middle, and then, is the heating temperature.

Chemical reactions are like this, the slightest mistake is a thousand miles, often a little different, and the final reaction result is another degree.

At this time, others have no choice, because for ethylene, the research of the entire Dinghai Navy is not in-depth, and occasionally Zhao Xin uses the card system to produce ethylene, which is also used for the test of basic performance, and they do not have a way to measure the output, after all, ethylene is a gas, or a gas that they are not familiar with.

Zhao Xin can, the excellent performance of the card system, can allow him to be alone in the laboratory, he can grasp the effect of many reactions, he drove people out, he is here alone, he can stare at least 40 experiments alone, intuition tells him that his thinking is correct, and the results can be produced today.

In the empty laboratory, the sealed glass bottles, under the heating of the alcohol lamp, the mixture of alcohol and concentrated sulfuric acid began to heat up gradually, and it did not seem to have changed much, but on the thermometer, there were different temperature indicators.

This method of heating is correct, under heating, whether it is concentrated sulfuric acid or alcohol, their activity increases significantly, and the production of ethylene begins to increase, but the rate of increase is not fast.

Zhao Xin knows very well that he can't be in a hurry, the chemical reaction is like this, and in many cases, it is not an incremental relationship.

That's right, chemical reactions are like this, in most cases, it will be relatively calm, once it reaches a certain value, it will enter the active area of a certain reaction, and the reaction will be accelerated.

Maybe it can't be found, maybe it's not heating, and in the absence of other catalysts, Zhao Xin can only choose this simplest method.

Fortunately, there is nothing wrong with this method, because as the temperature rises to 100 degrees, the efficiency increases greatly, and the absolute rate of ethylene production, although still relatively small, has increased several times compared to the beginning.

Sure enough, when the temperature reaches more than 165 degrees, ethylene begins to be produced on a large scale, and in a short period of time, it increases to a higher level, and when the temperature reaches 170 degrees, it reaches a peak.

Zhao Xin understood that the temperature required for this reaction was 170 degrees, which was the most perfect temperature, and he began to control the temperature, so that the temperature was between 169 and 171, and with slow changes, ethylene could be produced in large quantities.

The experiment was successful, this is a very simple experiment, the raw materials of the experiment and the products of the experiment are also organic matter, mainly with the help of the natural dehydration of concentrated sulfuric acid, the generation is also organic matter.

This kind of synthesis cannot be called real synthesis, the synthesis of organic matter is from inorganic matter to organic matter, and this is just a normal reaction.

However, for Ding Haijun, it is of great significance, alcohol, which is a drink, can also be used as a commonly used raw material, but Zhao Xin does not have his method of use, and making ethylene will become the first.

After Zhao Xin completed this experiment, the proportion and concentration of raw materials, as well as this temperature index were submitted to the laboratory personnel, this is a very good experiment, simple and large production volume, if you do not pursue large-scale production, just rely on this, you can let Dingjun have the most basic chemical raw materials.

Next, there is a larger range of experiments, and the sea will use the raw materials for this experiment, and in the same way, there is a temperature control method, and the amplified experiment will increase the amount of the whole raw material from a small beaker to a container of about 30 liters, and then the heated things will become a furnace.

In this experiment, there is no discoloration, or other reactants that are insoluble in water, he just has the final gas production, there is no need to pursue transparency, you can use an opaque container, just collect the gas.

The process of gas collection is not easy, Zhao Xin prepared some gas cylinders, Dinghai's excellent steel alloy, so that some high-pressure cylinders are relatively easy to produce, at room temperature, when the cylinder is pressurized, and ethylene is poured into it, but there is no way to turn it into liquid.

Zhao Xin understood that the critical pressure of ethylene is relatively high, high, and temperature, after the nitric acid and saltpeter, refrigeration has become possible, and it can also make ice and snow on a large scale in summer, which can maintain a low temperature.

The critical temperature of ethylene is not low, and after it is reduced to a certain temperature, it liquefies and can be stored in cylinders.

This simple experiment, the whole process of the experiment is very simple, there is no catalyst, there is no complex temperature pressure, just heating, heating the mixed solution, heating to about 170 degrees, you can continue to produce a large amount of ethylene, but it is very complicated to install these things.

The method of pressurization exceeds the maximum bearing capacity of the cylinder, and the Dinghai Navy does not have enough capacity to give enough pressure, so choosing low temperature is the only choice.

In the absence of scientific measuring instruments and the premise of half-understanding of the knowledge between organic matter, ethylene in the gaseous state is easily volatile, and if you are not careful, the originally accurate experiment will become uncontrollable.

After completing the liquefaction experiment and filling out 100 cylinders of ethylene, Zhao Xin decisively stopped paying attention to this experiment.

Of course, Zhao Xin can't have the extravagant hope, even the ordinary steam engine has no fixed navy, and he can directly cross the era of inorganic matter and enter the era of organic matter, whether it is aluminum alloy or organic matter, it is a necessary accumulation, and if you can get benefits, you can get it, you can't, it doesn't matter.