Edward slowly led Arthur to the horse farm, thinking about whether to subdue Grenville.

Yes, Edward was going to want to have such a secretary of state, a position comparable to that of a prime minister.

The English name of the secretary of state is: Secretaryofstate, also known as the secretary of state. This position was originally a personal assistant (secretary) to the king, but during the Tudor period, it was involved in the king's main government affairs, especially in court politics.

Therefore, it has become powerful and hot. Before the emergence of the Cabinet, the Secretary of State actually acted as the Cabinet, and had the power of the "Menxia Province" in the Tang Dynasty and the "Tongzheng Division" and "Celebrant Supervisor" in the Ming Dynasty. Today's "cabinet secretary" (known as "deputy minister" in Japan) who is actually in charge of the affairs of various ministries in the United Kingdom, and the "secretary of state" in the United States are in fact a continuation of this concept of position.

It was Thomas who carried forward in this position. Cromwell. This is a politician who reformed with Zhang Juzheng of the Ming Dynasty in China in the 16th century, and it is no exaggeration to say that he was the Shang Yang of England, a figure who forged the sovereignty of England. And has a sad ending like Shang Ying.

Medieval England was strictly a geographical concept, not a country in the modern sense. The external sovereignty of the state is incomplete by interference by the Holy See; The internal sovereignty of the country cannot operate normally because the feudal aristocracy has independent economic, military and judicial rights; The king had only "suzerainty" over the feudal nobility, but not "sovereignty", and the king's power could not be exercised in the nobles' domains, and some border areas and Wales remained independent of state power. There is no strict distinction between state affairs and royal household affairs.

The Reformation ushered in the emergence of the English nation-state. In the thirties of the 16th century, Cromwell was keenly aware of this after coming to power. Cromwell, relying on the power of the state and relying on the support of parliament, used the Reformation as a breakthrough to skillfully integrate the king's personal motives into the overall interests of the nation-state, and promulgated a series of laws to break the pope's control over the secular state and establish the external sovereignty of the state. In 1533, under Cromwell's chairmanship, Congress passed the Appeal Act. The Act explicitly declared that "England shall be a sovereign state", that "the king shall have supreme power to adjudicate all the actions of all men, including the monks and the secular world", and that "the monks and secular men under the king shall form a political society, each enjoying the administration of justice in the religious and secular spheres, free from any interference from outside the empire".

The promulgation of the "Appeal Act" not only legally blocked the channels for the Holy See to interfere in British affairs through judicial proceedings, but also in fact caused a break with Rome, severed the ties between Britain and the Holy See from the outside world, and established the independent sovereignty of the state within its territory.

And Grenville is not only full of reformist thinking, but also has a bold and brave heart.

As soon as he walked near the racecourse, Edward felt a wave of heat lingering in the air, which was particularly refreshing in this cold season in England.

As if smelling something, Arthur's emotions instantly became excited, and he picked up the horse's hooves, held the horse's head high, and pulled Edward to run into the racecourse, not caring whether Edward's thin body could pass by it.

Then the knights in the stables saw a snow-white foal leading the king, who was not tall, and came to Grenville at run.

And Edward's face is forced, he has been walking on the horse, and today he finally experienced the taste of being slipped by the horse, this is sour, I can't believe it!

By the time Edward could react, dozens of guards and Grenville had all gathered around, all staring at him with curious eyes.

"Look at what? Haven't you seen a horse? Edward said angrily, "What are you going to do!" ”

Seeing that Edward was annoyed, everyone walked away in amusement, after all, Edward was their employer, and it was not easy to provoke him.

As a guest, Grenville was also embarrassed to laugh at his host, so he continued his acting path. But before leaving, his big black horse grinned at Arthur, which was definitely not Edward's dazzle, but really smiled, and suddenly Edward felt that the reins in his hand suddenly increased in strength.

Edward knew that Arthur was slapping the foal's ass hard, and the depression in Edward's heart finally dissipated a lot.

Ignoring Arthur's teary eyes, Edward took it to watch the knights' performances.

Holding Arthur in his hand, he stood leisurely on the periphery, watching Grenville compete with a strong guard!

First of all, the two were put on chain mail by the attendants, and then helped on their horses by the attendants, and they were each adjusted to their own state first.

The strong knight's name was Shaun, the son of a knight, who was extremely strong, more than six feet tall, and should be one meter nine according to the metric system, dressed in a blue and black robe, and Grenville was covered with a white robe.

Chain mail, also known as chain mail, (but there is another --- please seriously distinguish between chain mail and chain mail. These are 2 different concepts. - In layman's terms, chain mail is much less dense than chain mail!) It is a kind of armor that appeared in the age of iron cold weapons, and it is a major innovation since the advent of leather armor.

Use small iron rings to form a long garment with a hood, which is covered with close-fitting clothing. All the weight is borne by the shoulder, which can effectively protect swords, guns, spears and other sharp weapons, the biggest disadvantage is that it is soft, and the sharp sword stabs over, it is difficult to resist, if it is a meteor hammer, mace These heavy weapons are smashed down, and the chain mail will fail.

Don't look down on chain mail as it is common. An 11th and 12th century knight's full set of chain mail costs as much as a small farm; In the medieval serfdom system, the armor master was also a high-class commoner who could sit on an equal footing with the priest, and was generally respected.

Chain mail is generally a kind of armor made of many iron lock plates, which is an upper body armor that can protect shoulder arms and knee pads. The chain mail with iron chains about the size of a coin and the chain mail that tightly ties many iron locks together has a strong ability to protect against cold weapons.

Although there are holes, it has the effect of "invulnerability to knives and guns, and impermeability to arrows". In terms of its protective power, in ancient times, it was only inferior to the Bu Ren Jia of the Song Dynasty.

Because of its high price and strong defense, chain mail has also become a must-have equipment for knights, and is very popular among knights in Western Europe. In medieval Western Europe, just like the Chinese Spring and Autumn Period, the strength of the nobility was measured by the number of knights.