Chapter 151: Continuing to Develop

Lu Bingyi introduced his work there, saying: "The workers' study class has begun. However, because the newcomers occupied all the classrooms in the middle school, the study classes were held in the cafeteria. However, the cafeteria is small, so I have to separate classes. In this way, the progress of learning is affected, and now there are more and more newcomers, and they all want to participate in the study. The textbooks we printed were sufficient, but the places for study should be arranged. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "This matter should be solved as soon as possible, squeeze it if you can squeeze it elsewhere, pour out the classroom, and study things can't stop for a moment." If it doesn't work, build some more simple houses. Mr. Lu will arrange this. ”

Lu Chengxiang said: "Okay, I'll do this, don't worry about it." ”

Liu of the drama troupe said: "Mr. Zhang has asked the Tang Guifei to rehearse several times, and Mr. Zhang has time to take a look." ”

As soon as Zhang Zhimu heard it: "Very good, strive for this Spring Festival, so that everyone can see this good show." When the stage of the Cultural Palace is ready, we will rehearse this big play with the lighting. This play is the opening drama of the opening of culture. At that time, let everyone see what real art is. Zhang Zhimu said a little excited.

Yan Boju said, "Your silage, can you use it?" If we can't use it, we have to buy fodder for the animals. Yan Boju talked to Zhang Zhimu most casually, he came as soon as he opened his mouth.

Zhang Zhimu said: "Of course it can be used, but when the silage is fed to the horses, it is necessary to let them have an adaptation process little by little." Because horses are very sensitive to acidic foods, and our silage has a sour taste. The proportion of silage in the feed for horses should be increased slowly and continuously. But feeding the cows, feeding the sheep, feeding the rabbits is fine now. Guaranteed to grow fatter than other feeds. ”

Zhang Zhimu suddenly remembered that if many of the sheep bought back this time were killed, there would definitely be a lot of sheep fat, and he said: "Huang (Yukun) will always give you another task, and the sheep fat that will be killed in the future will be collected together and consumed into pure sheep fat." These sheep fat and plant ash are mixed together and pressed into small rectangular pieces with wooden molds. Then wrapped in straw paper, these sheep soap will definitely be able to sell for the price of sheep, and maybe eat mutton for nothing and make money. However, it is best to have no edges and corners in the wooden mold, and the word kiln should be engraved. The straw paper used for packaging should also be printed with the word kiln. Lu Qi helped find a way to solve this matter. ”

Lu Qi said: "It's not difficult, I'll arrange it." ”

Lu Chengxiang said: "I have used our soap, it is really a good thing, it must be easy to sell." But it would be nice to add some spices. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Mr. Lu still has experience, so this thing can be sold at a good price." In addition, the plant ash should also be burned with good grass, and then crushed and sieved with a sieve, and the ratio of sheep fat and plant ash should be well adjusted. It is also necessary to use wooden boxes to make the outer packaging, so that the things that come out are high-quality products. ”

Huang Yukun said: "Now I can arrange a few sisters again." Rest assured, we now know how much ash and how much mutton fat is best to put in it, so that the soap is neither too hard nor too soft. ”

This soil soap is very simple to say, in fact, it is also the opening of a new industry - the chemical industry. Its significance cannot be overstated.

Huang Yukun talked about her breeding again.

After the meeting, Zhang Zhimu left Li Yunhe and Lu Qi behind.

Zhang Zhimu said to Li Yunhe and Lu Qi: "I arranged two major things for Li Yunhe, one is a marine steam engine and the other is silicon steel sheet. Now I will arrange two small tasks for Lu Qi, but after these two small tasks are completed, we can make a fortune. ”

Zhang Zhimu hung up the appetites of both of them.

Li Yunhe asked: "Mr. Zhang, don't sell Guanzi, what is it?" Li Yunhe and Zhang Zhimu were very casual, but Lu Qi didn't dare.

Zhang Zhimu said: "One is a lock, and the other is a zipper. ”

Zhang Zhimu took out a drawing of a three-reed lock and said, "This is the drawing of a three-reed lock." When Zhang Zhimu was a child, he saw his neighbor repairing locks at home. The neighbor also patiently explained to him the function of the springs in the lock. He knew then that the lock looked magical, but the principle in the lock was not complicated. With the current conditions of the kiln, there is no problem in producing locks. At first, the three-reed lock is enough.

Zhang Zhimu pointed to the drawings and said, "This is a kind of bullet lock." It has the following structure. Zhang Zhimu explained to them the structure and principle of this lock.

The bullet lock consists of the following parts:

1. Lock cylinder: Copper cylindrical lock cylinder, which can be locked or opened when turning. The lock cylinder is divided into an inner lock cylinder and an outer lock cylinder, and the inner lock cylinder is where you insert the key.

2. Marbles: Copper marbles are divided into inner marbles and outer marbles, cylindrical, of different lengths, and are installed in the round holes of the inner and outer lock cylinders. This lock has 3 sets of marbles, and you can make four or five in the future.

3. Spring: Installed in the round hole of the outer lock cylinder. Resist the marbles.

4. Lock nose: the part that expands and contracts when unlocking. The cylindrical inner cylinder drives the lock nose when it rotates.

5. Key: for unlocking. There are "serrations" of different heights corresponding to different lengths of marbles.

The principle of this lock is actually very simple, this copper cylindrical lock cylinder can be locked or opened when turned. So how does the lock cylinder correspond to different keys?

We insert the key into the lock cylinder, and the "teeth" of the key are of different heights, corresponding to the copper marbles of different internal lengths. They are just long enough to make the other end of the inner pins flush with the inner lock cylinder opening, which means that inserting another key will cause some of the inner pins to be exposed or concave due to the different shape of the "teeth"! As long as one is exposed or concave, the inner lock cylinder can be stuck and cannot be rotated. You can't pick the lock. Different lengths and combinations of marbles correspond to different keys. i.e. one key can only open one lock.

Since the lock is mass-manufactured, different bullets and combinations are limited, so the mass-produced lock, there is a probability of repetition, that is, sometimes, can be touched, one key to open two locks. The magnitude of this probability depends on the number of marbles and the number of combinations. Therefore, in the future, when we produce more locks, we can increase the number of springs, so that the probability of repetition can be reduced.

As long as it can be mass-produced, the cost will soon come down, and this thing can be sold in large quantities.

Both Li Yunhe and Lu Qi were attracted by this cleverly designed lock.

Zhang Zhimu said: "You will study this lock again and make it, and you will understand it better when you see it." Maybe you can figure out a more interesting lock. When this lock is put into production, I will show you how to make a hidden lock, and by that time all the doors will have hidden locks on them. ”

Lu Qi said: "I can probably see some doorways. Go back and do some research. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "There are more amazing things for you to do." As he spoke, Zhang Zhimu took out a zipper, which was the zipper on the trouser door of the pants that Zhang Zhimu wore when he crossed over.

In the morning, Zhang Zhimu asked Huang Yukun to find out his pants, and Huang Yukun asked him what he was going to do, saying, "The only thing you have left is these pants." ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "I want to use the zipper on my pants. "Huang Yukun knows that zipper, Zhang Zhimu introduced it, it is a very magical thing.

Huang Yukun said: "You can put on your pants together." Let's see what the pants look like with their butts in half. "Now people are wearing fat pants, and when they see Zhang Zhimu wearing trousers, they will definitely feel very strange, no wonder Huang Yukun ridiculed Zhang Zhimu so much.

Zhang Zhimu said: "Just remove that zipper, I want to imitate this zipper, and with this thing in the future, many things will be much more convenient." ”

When Huang Yukun heard that the kiln gang wanted to imitate this thing, she was also very interested. But she felt that it was a pity to dismantle such good pants, she said: "I can't meet it when I take it off, the needlework of that pants is too good, I asked Sister-in-law Xu, no one can make such a good needlework, not to mention the fine uniformity, the elastic is just right, it is really made by skilled craftsmen." I don't know where you come from, what kind of woman has this ability. Isn't that good? ”

Zhang Zhimu saw that Huang Yukun was also pantothenic to a pair of pants, and said with a smile: "Before I went down to earth, the fairies made clothes and cooked for me, and served me." ”

Huang Yukun said: "I'll just say that you are a guy of unknown origin. No matter what happened before, you are now my father-in-law. I don't promise anyone, don't try to get on your side. ”

Zhang Zhimu was afraid that Huang Yukun would say something more, so he hurriedly stopped and said, "Hurry up and get it done, I'm going to take it away." ”

The zipper that Zhang Zhimu took out was a dragon's, and Zhang Zhimu showed them how to pull the zipper and pull it on, and let the two of them try it themselves.

After these two people tried it, they were very emotional, saying that this thing was too delicate and I didn't know what it was made of. Zhang Zhimu said: "This is made of dragon material, which we don't have yet, but we can use copper to make this thing." But it has to be a little bigger than this, so it's easy to process. These small parts are called teeth, and you can use steel to make a mold to press the processed small copper into such a shape, and then press it on the cloth strip. The movable part of this zipper is to press and separate the teeth from each other. You have to study and understand before you start. ”

Li Yunhe said: "This thing looks simple, but it may not be easy to do. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "If you try slowly, you will definitely try it." After these two things came out, it was difficult for us not to make money. ”

After explaining the task to Li Yunhe and Lu Qi, Zhang Zhimu asked Li Yunhe to accompany him to the construction site of the Cultural Palace in charge of Liu Bensheng. The workers in the Cultural Palace are busy tinkling, and a few biogas lamps introduced in the Cultural Palace illuminate the interior of the Cultural Palace, but the time is a little long, and the air inside is not very good. Zhang Zhimu said to Liu Bensheng, who came up: "Send someone to open the window upstairs a little bit and let the air out." ”

Liu Bensheng agreed, and immediately arranged for someone to open the window. After returning, Liu Bensheng said that the air was not good because the wood smelled and the time of the biogas point was long.

Zhang Zhimu said: "I look at the backstairs seats, make a few spotlights, in that case, the effect of the stage performance will be better." ”

Liu Bensheng didn't know what the spotlight was, and Zhang Zhimu couldn't say it too clearly, so he said: "I'll arrange this matter." When it's done, you'll understand. ”

Zhang Zhimu took Li Yunhe to the glass factory again. The frame of the large workshop of the glass factory over there has been completed. Since construction is not possible in winter, it is now all put away. But the production of handmade glass here has not stopped.

Seeing Zhang Zhimu coming, the director of the glass factory hurriedly came over. The director of the glass factory at the last meeting didn't pass, Zhang Zhimu saw him coming and asked him: "How much glass can you melt in one pot now?" ”

"A hundred pounds at most, and if you want, you can make a larger crucible. When our production line is ready, we will have a crucible. The director said.

"I'm going to make a few lenses, and I want a little more transparent glass, is that okay?" Zhang Zhimu said.

The director said, "No problem, we can do it now." During this time, we have tried to add different raw materials to the glass to produce many colors of glass. Today's stove forerunner's glasses are made of our stained glass. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "Okay, I'm relieved." I'm going to go back and draw a few pictures, and then I'll come back to you. ”

Back in the office, Zhang Zhimu took out the drawing tools again and began to draw. He first drew a parabolic shape of the lamp reflector, this reflector is ready to be made of copper, after the reflector is polished, it should be plated with silver by mercury, a symmetrical hole up and down is opened in the reflector, and a glass tube is installed on the moving hole, this glass tube is just through the focus of the reflector, and a biogas lamp is prevented at the focal point, the biogas enters from below, and the exhaust gas comes out from above after combustion, so that the exhaust gas does not smoke the reflector. Place a convex lens at the mouth of the reflector so that you can adjust the angle of divergence of the beam by moving the distance between the lens and the focal point. This kind of lamp is made in three sizes: large, medium and small, the length of the large lamp is 1.5 meters, and the diameter is 1 meter; The medium lamp has a length of 1.2 meters and a diameter of 800 millimeters; The trumpet lamp has a length of 800 mm and a diameter of 500 mm.

After drawing the picture, Zhang Zhimu brought Li Yunhe again and asked him to cast a reflector out of copper, and then use steel to make a mold for a glass lens.

After all these arrangements were made, Zhang Zhimu calmed down and started thinking about making a telescope. Because in these battles, Zhang Zhimu deeply felt that it was too inconvenient to have no telescope, so he had already made up his mind that he must get the telescope out after returning to Yaogang. The principles of optics learned in middle school physics are enough to make a simple telescope. To put it simply, a telescope can be made with two convex lenses. But the difficulty is that now you have to grind the convex lens yourself. When Zhang Zhimu was young, he wanted to polish his own lenses and make telescopes. But at that time, the conditions were too poor, and there was no one to support it, so it didn't succeed. But it was then that he became interested in polishing lenses, and he read a lot of information about it. Despite this, he never made a telescope himself. Therefore, he must think about it carefully, first carry out theoretical design, and set a target. I still remember that the size of hand-polished lenses is best between 10 cm and 20 ten cm, because the caliber is too large, the physical exertion of people is too large, it is difficult to make, and the glass is too small to fix and hold unsteadily, which is not conducive to operation and quality assurance.

Zhang Zhimu preliminarily determined that the objective lens diameter of the telescope is 10 centimeters, and the focal length is 80 centimeters, that is, the focal ratio is 8. Zhang Zhimu knows that the longer the focal length, the smaller the color aberration. The relationship between focal length and bispherical radius Zhang Zhimu really can't remember, but he knows that it is related to the radius of curvature of the double-sided lens, the refractive index of the glass and the thickness of the center of the lens. But he is not afraid, Zhang Zhimu knows that the focal length of the lens can be detected while grinding, as long as it is within a certain range. The eyepiece has a diameter of 2 cm and a focal length of 5 cm. In this way, the magnification of the telescope is 80/5 = 16x.

Since it takes a lot of things to polish a lens, it is not enough to have glass. Zhang Zhimu now began to take stock of what he can find now, and the abrasive used for grinding is used in the emery used to make the grinding wheel, divided into different particles, and used in different stages of grinding. It's just that the polishing powder is a bit troublesome, and there is no way to use rust to grind it well, those are iron oxide after all, and there is no way to make iron oxide by chemical methods. Asphalt or asphalt, asphalt is easier to get, evaporate the volatiles in those coal tars, and the rest is asphalt, but the evaporation should be clean, otherwise the liquid asphalt is useless.

Zhang Zhimu thought about it and felt that there was no unsolvable problem. The next step is to polish the lenses, but polishing the lenses is a very time-consuming and energy-consuming matter, and it is impossible for Zhang Zhimu to spend time on this. So he called Li Yunhe and Lu Qi over again. He said to them: "I am now going to make clairvoyance, and I need two or three people who are a little literate, steady, skillful, and especially have good eyes to participate in this work." You help me choose a few people. When Li Yunhe and Lu Qi heard clairvoyance, they both came to their senses and asked what clairvoyance is, and if they have clairvoyance, they can see a thousand miles away. Zhang Zhimu said: "You pick out people for me, and you will know when the clairvoyance is made." ”

Li Yunhe knew that the matter that Zhang Zhimu personally presided over must be a very important matter, so as soon as the two of them discussed, they chose three people for Zhang Zhimu. These three people have all participated in Zhang Zhimu's course, and they are all the backbones now, especially according to Li Yunhe, they are smart and willing to endure hardships, and they are usually not very prominent, but they have a number of people in their hearts, and they are especially suitable for research work.

As soon as Zhang Zhimu heard it, "Okay, I need such a person." You can find me a special room, not too big, usually don't let people in, this room needs to be very clean. ”

Li Yunhe said: "This is easy to do, I will pour it out for you tomorrow." ”

The three people picked out by Li Yunhe and Lu Qi, Zhang Zhimu liked it very much at first glance. They are the kind of people who are very stable at first glance and can sit still. Zhang Zhimu knows that this polished lens needs to be done by someone who can endure loneliness and calm down. These people were just right, so the next day I started to give a lecture to the three of them. When these three people heard that Zhang Zhimu personally gave a lecture to the three of them, they all felt that it was a good thing that fell from the sky. Therefore, when Zhang Zhimu gave lectures, they also listened very carefully.

Zhang Zhimu first talked about the directness, reflection, scattering and refraction of light, and then talked about the refraction in different media and the refractive index of different media. On this basis, I talked about what is called convex lens and concave lens.

Convex lens: A lens with a thick middle and thin edges is called a convex lens.

Concave lens: Lenses with thin middle and thick edges are called concave lenses.

Then the convex and concave lenses were drawn with a compass. In fact, it is the method of intersecting two circles.

In these two diagrams, it is pointed out what is called the optical center optical spindle.

Tell them that the convex lens has the function of concentrating light, and the point where the light rays parallel to the main optical axis converge through the convex lens is called the focal point, and the distance between the focal point and the optical center is called the focal length; The light rays parallel to the main optical axis become divergent after passing through the concave lens, so the concave lens is also called a divergent lens.

According to the principle of reversibility of the optical path, the light emitted from one focal point becomes a parallel beam of light after passing through a convex lens.

After the introduction of these contents, Zhang Zhimu focused on the method of illustration to introduce the principle of using two convex lenses to form a telescope.

In the end, Zhang Zhimu told them that they had a day to digest the contents, and then they were going to start making lenses. In fact, the production of lenses does not require the content of these courses, but Zhang Zhimu wants to cultivate a few optical talents, and there will be more places to use optics in the future.

Zhang Zhimu gave a lecture on the course of the three people in his office, and before the lecture, Zhang Zhimu told Yang Yulin that there was nothing important to disturb them. So during this time, all the people who came to Zhang Zhimu were blocked by Yang Yulin.

Even when Chen Yufeng came, he had to chat with Yang Yulin outside the door, this time Yang Yulin and Chen Yufeng joked: "Uncle Chen, I heard that there will be a happy event for you before the Spring Festival, why don't you be in a hurry." ”

Chen Yufeng also heard this for the first time, and said: "Jokes, I don't even know things, how do you know." Besides, who am I going to have a happy event with? ”

Yang Yulin said: "Oh, you really don't know, but someone has been doing this." The place where Yaogang lives is so tense, the house left for you has not moved, and now it is arranged like a palace, I went to see it. You don't know it yourself, do you? ”

Chen Yufeng is really a little confused, he doesn't know anything, why do he have a new house. Before he could talk to Sister-in-law Xu, these kiln girls took care of such a big thing. Chen Yufeng wants to do it again if he wants to do it. Anyway, in the end, I have to be willing.

Seeing the three people who were listening to the lecture leaving, Chen Yufeng entered the house. Zhang Zhimu was breathing a sigh of relief and drinking tea there. Seeing Chen Yufeng coming in, he hurriedly poured Chen Yufeng a cup of tea.

The two of them have been busy, and they haven't had time to sit down and have a good chat.

Chen Yufeng said: "The situation on the side of the army is very good now, with Liu Yun, Li Weiliu, and Liu Chenghuang, they don't have to worry too much about it. The training course, Ouyang He is sorting out, and the two days are almost the same. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "I asked people to send the muskets of General Jiang of Datong. Motoki thought he could come back from Daido and hand them over the musket, but he didn't expect to go from that side. I had to send it again. ”

Chen Yufeng said: "After our tossing, the Manchu Qing Dynasty was breathless for a while. They don't have the energy to re-enter the customs. Li Zicheng didn't get a good job in Kaifeng, and he couldn't attack for a while. In this way, we can develop for a while. ”

Zhang Zhimu knew in his heart that according to historical records, Li Zicheng should have conquered Tongguan in October of the following year. So now there is still more than a year to develop himself, as long as this time, the emperor does not attack himself, kill the Mongols opposite Hukou and do not attack on a large scale. Then the whole course of history will change in its favor.

Zhang Zhimu said: "Looking at the situation, there is no big threat for the time being, but I don't know how the general army of Zhongshu Province will report to the imperial court about the death of our officers and soldiers." When the emperor heard about it, what would he think of it? ”

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By the way, I recommend "Memories of the Southern Song Dynasty", similar to this article, it is also a "technology flow" through the novel, but it takes place in the Southern Song Dynasty, Yashan, Anti-Yuan, Restoration, and European World Wars