Chapter 101 Engaging in Radio Merchant ships dispatched

Before going to the academy, Zhang Zhimu called Qingfengzi in advance and told him that he had something to discuss with him, and he wanted to take some people to take pictures. Qingfengzi agreed very happily and said, "The matter of taking pictures is easy to do, and my disciples have long taken care of this matter for me." Let's talk about it. ”

When Zhang Zhimu went over, he not only brought his family and a few sisters of Xiao Hongyu, but also Mr. Lu and Fan Jinfu, the editor-in-chief of "Yaogang Weekly".

A small team came to Yaogang College lively.

Fan Jinfu and Lu Chengxiang Xiao Hongyu had never seen the photos, and when Qingfengzi asked the disciples to take out the photos for them to see, they were also stunned. This is the same photo as a real person, and the feeling it brings to them can only be described as shocking. When Yang Yulin told Xiao Hongyu, Xiao Hongyu was already prepared, but she was still surprised when she saw the real photo. The ladies all took their children for a photo shoot. Zhang Zhimu sat down with Lu Chengxiang, Fan Jinfu, and Qingfengzi, and said to Qingfengzi: "It's one thing for me to bring them here to take pictures today, and one more thing is to discuss it with you." I want to set up a photo studio in Yaogang first, what do you think? ”

Qingfengzi said: "No problem, but my people can only go to the people who help you teach the photo studio to use cameras and print photos." You are responsible for running the photo studio. ”

"I brought Mr. Lu here because I wanted Mr. Lu to be responsible for choosing a better place and building a photo studio." Zhang Zhimu pointed to Lu Chengxiang and said.

Lu Chengxiang said: "I didn't know the photo was like this until now. I think this photo studio is also a good business to make money, and I will choose a good place to do this. ”

Fan Jinfu said: "I will introduce this matter well in the "Yaogang Weekly". I didn't expect photos to make people look like this. ”

Zhang Zhimu said to Fan Jinfu: "Editor-in-chief Fan, I called you here today to let you publicize the photographic technology, and I want your newspaper to publish not only words but also pictures in the future." ”

"Posting pictures?" Fan Jinfu was a little surprised.

"Yes, screen printing is something that is our ancestors. Our black-and-white photos can be broken down into different grayscale photos, and we can use different density dot matrix instead of different black-and-white grayscales, so that the picture or photo can be printed on the newspaper. But you have to study this matter together with the people who are engaged in printing. Zhang Zhimu said.

Fan Jinfu said: "Mr. Zhang's suggestion is so good, if our newspaper can publish photos in the future, it will be great." I'll arrange for someone to study this when I get back. I see there's a door. ”

After the woman and the children finished taking pictures, they came out chirping, and Zhang Zhimu asked Lu Chengxiang and Fan Jinfu to take a picture as well. When they came out, Zhang Zhimu said: "The people who take pictures today, the washed out photos are used for exhibitions in the windows of our future photo studios." Don't regret it then. ”

Lu Chengxiang said: "When the photo of Xiao Hongyu comes out, someone will look at it, what does our old man have to see." ”

"The picture of the old man can attract the old woman to take pictures. Ha ha! Zhang Zhimu joked.

The matter of the photo studio was handed over to Lu Chengxiang and Huang Yukun, and Zhang Zhimu no longer cared about it.

After several nights of careful preparation, Zhang Zhimu decided to give a lecture to Yangchang and them.

In the class, Zhang Zhimu found that the number of people who came to listen to the class in Yangchang was much higher than last time, which made Zhang Zhimu very happy. The courses I teach now are completely professional content, but the content is much simpler than what I learned in school, and it is combined with the actual teaching of electron tubes. When Zhang Zhimu was in school, he rarely came into contact with electron tubes. The multi-function of electron tubes has been replaced by semiconductor devices. This is also the reason why Zhang Zhimu had to prepare for a few days before giving a lecture.

"I know that all of you have been looking forward to today's lesson for a long time. Actually, you don't know, but I'm looking forward to it for a longer time in order to teach today's lesson. Because we didn't have many conditions in the past, we couldn't teach the course, and it was useless to talk about it. Now it is different, after more than two years of hard work, we already have the hardware conditions to engage in radio, especially during this period of time, all of you here also have the ability to engage in radio. Zhang Zhimu said with some excitement, "We have all learned before that when an electric current passes through a wire, an electric field will be generated around it at the same time, and the electric field will produce a magnetic field at the same time. The magnetic field, in turn, produces an electric field. In this way, the electric field and the magnetic field interact with each other and become dependent on each other. This is how electromagnetic fields radiate into space. We call the electromagnetic fields of different frequencies generated by electric currents of different frequencies also called radio waves. Because the electromagnetic field is propagated in the form of waves. ”

Then Zhang Zhimu introduced them again:

Radio waves are divided into sky waves, space waves, and ground waves according to the mode of transmission.

The radio waves that propagate along the interface between the earth and the air are called surface waves, or ground waves for short.

Sky waves are radio waves that propagate by refraction and reflection of the ionosphere of the sky, also known as sky waves.

Space waves, also known as direct waves, are radio waves that propagate from the transmitting point in a straight line from space to the receiving point.

According to the frequency, radio waves are divided into: long wave, medium wave, short wave, ultra-short wave, and microwave.

Long waves (including ultra-long waves) are radio waves with a frequency of 300 kHz (wavelength 1000 m) or less.

Long waves are suitable for ocean transmission, and a transmitter of a few KW can only travel one or two thousand kilometers at most.

Medium wave refers to radio waves with a frequency of 300kHz~3MHz (wavelength 100-1000m).

Medium waves rely on ionospheric reflection and can travel hundreds of kilometers, but they are not as stable as ground waves.

Short wave refers to radio waves with a frequency of 3~30MHz (wavelength 10-100m).

Shortwave can use one or more reflections of the ionosphere to the sky wave, and can achieve communication from hundreds of kilometers to thousands of kilometers. A few kW transmitters make it possible to achieve global communications.

Shortwave is the most economical option to achieve long-distance communication, and a 100W shortwave transmitter can easily achieve communication over thousands of kilometers.

Ultra-short wave refers to radio waves with a wavelength of 1~10m (frequency of 30~300MHz).

Microwaves are radio waves with a wavelength of 1 m or less and a frequency of 300 MHz or more.

The frequency of ultra-short waves and microwaves is very high, and only space waves can be used, mainly in the low-altitude atmosphere for line-of-sight propagation.

After Zhang Zhimu introduced the transmission ability of radio waves, he had not yet talked about anything else, and the students who listened to the lecture were already excited and couldn't sit still. They did not expect that they could communicate hundreds of kilometers, thousands of kilometers, or even tens of thousands of kilometers through radio waves. Zhang Zhimu understands their excitement very well, because in this era, communication by telegraph and telephone is already an earth-shattering thing, and such a breakthrough in communication without electricity is once again far beyond their imagination.

Zhang Zhimu waited for everyone to be quiet for a while, and said: "Just now, we just briefly introduced the electromagnetic waves we are going to apply and their characteristics. Our wireless communication, like wired communication, requires both a sending device and a receiving device. However, the wireless sending device is to send the wireless signal to the space; A wireless receiving device is one that receives radio signals in space. ”

Zhang Zhimu introduced the basic principle of the transmitter in combination with a medium frequency amplitude modulation transmitter circuit.

In this circuit, the audio input is amplified twice, and the amplified audio signal is mixed with the high-frequency oscillation signal at the screen pole of the oscillation-level tube, so that the audio signal to be transmitted on the high-frequency oscillation current is transmitted through the antenna. The oscillating circuit is a capacitive three-point oscillation. The two capacitors are adjusted with a variable duplex capacitor.

Receiver Zhang Zhimu chose a simple three-tube radio circuit, one tube through a single capacitor by adjustment, the receiving antenna coupled to the signal, after amplification to output to the speaker.

This is the simplest one for a transmitter and receiver. Zhang Zhimu wants Yangchang to have an intuitive understanding as soon as possible, and if there is no mystery about wireless transmission and reception, they will be easy to enter the state.

Zhang Zhimu said: "The transmission and reception circuits that we have just introduced to you are very easy to use. When it is done, it should be possible to carry out wireless communication distance of about one kilometer. It's easy to say, but if it can be used on the battlefield, it's a great thing. This transmitter can transmit both voice and telegraph communications. There's one thing you need to make yourself, and that's inductors. You're going to have to use a paper tube to try to wrap the coil yourself. Only by experimenting can you make a coil that meets your needs. ”

Because there is no magnetic rod, Zhang Zhimu can't give reference data on the number of coils they want to wrap.

After the lecture, Yang Chang came over and said, "Mr. Zhang, if it is really like what you said. In the future, will the semicolons of our kilns in various places be able to directly contact our kilns? ”

"Of course, there is a weakness in radio communications, which is that they are susceptible to weather images," Zhang said. In particular, thunderstorms have a greater impact. ”

"I will organize them to conduct radio transmission and reception tests as soon as possible." Yangchang said to Zhang Zhimu.

"I think there are more and more of your people," Zhang Zhimu said, "and you can arrange for people to make recording equipment and records." ”

Yang Chang didn't understand, "What recording equipment and records?" ”

"You see, the sound of our speech can easily be turned into an electric current signal, and this current signal can magnetize the wire, and if the wire goes slowly, and at the same time magnetizes with the current we speak, is it not this wire that records what we say. We can also use the same speed to pass the wire through a coil, so that the magnetized wire will induce a very weak current in the coil, we use a transistor to amplify it, and use a horn to release our voice. Zhang Zhimu explained to Yangchang.

After listening to this, Yang Chang was stunned for a while and said, "If we finish talking in the future, we can't admit it if we want to." ”

Zhang Zhimu saw Yangchang and immediately understood what he said, and felt that this Yangchang was too good to understand, "You can still think about it." Xiao Hongyu sang "Tang Guifei", can you listen to it whenever you want. ”

"That's right!" Yangchang was a little excited. "Also, Mr. Zhang, what are the records you are talking about?"

"Yes, the sound of our speech is a vibration. If we carve vibrations through a carving knife on a rotating wax disk, the convex and concave level of the wax disk will record the sound of our speech. If we are using a needle to rotate on the wax disc and the needle vibrates, we turn this vibration into an electrical signal that is amplified, and we can use the horn to emit sound. Zhang Zhimu said.

"That's right. But the wax disc is too soft, is it flat with a needle? Yang Chang thought about it and said.

Zhang Zhimu smiled and said: "Using a wax plate, I am making an analogy." We can use lacquer glue to carve the master plate, then plate it with metal film to make a mold, and then press out the turntable with hard rubber. Isn't that enough? ”

Yang Chang said: "There is a way to this. In the future, if there are any good plays and tunes that can be made into records, let the big guys listen to them whenever they want. ”

"It's up to you. But I have a request. Your turntable should have at least 30 minutes of music on one side. Zhang Zhimu said: "The sound groove of your turntable is an Archimedean spiral, consisting of four parts from the outside to the inside, and its order is: the introduction groove, the sound groove, the transition groove, the exit groove and the termination groove. The pitch of the induction groove is much wider than that of the sound groove, and the length of time to introduce the groove is preferably ten seconds. ”

"It seems that this turntable is not an easy task." Yang Chang said, "However, I don't think it's difficult to understand technically. It's just that the process of making it takes a bit of effort. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "You can do mono first, and then you will have to have high and double channels in the future, high fidelity." But you have to take everything slowly, you just need to figure it out now, and the sound can be improved slowly. ”

Zhang Zhimu assigned several tasks to Yangchang at once, but Zhang Zhimu liked Yangchang very much, they didn't feel that there were too many things, and they had any opinions. Instead, I'm excited and willing to do more.

The battle on the side of the Yaogang people went smoothly, production was fully restored, and the merchant fleet set off again with a full load. But Emperor Chongzhen in Beijing had just gotten a million taels of silver, and after a few days of joy, he began to worry again. Those ministers said that Zhang Zhimu of Yaogang might be going to rebel, because they had conquered the state capital and county, and they did not ask the imperial court to send officials to take over, but they themselves sent people to take over. Like Li Zicheng, he also announced that he would not pay the grain tax for three years.

Emperor Chongzhen said: "The Zhang Dong family in Yaogang was originally unwilling to send troops, but I repeatedly ordered others to send troops. When Zhang Dongjia wrote to him, he said that when he sent troops, he would prepare money and food to help the people who had suffered from drought and war for a long time. He also said that wherever the thieves went, they would proclaim that they would not collect grain taxes for three years, and if we tried to collect them, we would lose the hearts of the people. That's why Zhang Dongjia doesn't charge grain tax. ”

But these ministers said: "They sent people from Yaogang, what should we do with our court?" ”

"Zhang Dongjia didn't say that the imperial court was not allowed to send people. The question is what we use to send people. The silver we used was also borrowed by Zhang Dong's family in the kiln. Didn't you say that if the Zhang Dongjia of Yaogang could lend the court silver, they wouldn't rebel, why did you forget it so quickly after Aiqing finished speaking? "Emperor Chongzhen hated and couldn't leave these ministers, so he could only explain patiently.

A Wenchen said: "This is the insidious thing about Zhang Zhimu, they announced everywhere that they would not collect money and grain for three years, and the officials we sent out would not be able to eat without money, food, and food, so they would not be able to do anything, and they would not be able to send people." ”

"There was a great drought in Shanxi for several years, and the drought followed the locust plague, and when the thieves did not enter Shanxi, the imperial court could not collect a million taels of silver. We have borrowed a lot of silver from the kiln people in the past few years. Don't say more. "Emperor Chongzhen really doesn't want to talk about these things anymore.

But Emperor Chongzhen saw it, and the ministers had obviously discussed, and they had to do something to Zhang Zhimu today. They still had to speak, and Emperor Chongzhen said: "You must know that without the Zhang Dong family in the kiln gang, the thieves are probably sitting here a long time ago." It was Zhang Dongjia who ran away from the thieves. If I had to choose who would seize the Ming Dynasty, I would rather choose Zhang Zhimu from Yaogang. I don't understand, how Zhang Zhimu offended you. You don't care what this Zhang Zhimu does, you just want to be unfavorable to him. Zhang Dongjia doesn't want to be an official, and he won't threaten you! ”

Chongzhen's words were explicit enough, and these ministers could no longer use a cheeky approach to insist on their opinions.

Fan Chengkun personally led the warships and led the merchant fleet of Yaogang, crossed the Kaiyuan New River, and came to Kaifeng first.

When the king of Zhou in Kaifeng heard that the fleet of Yaogang had arrived, he couldn't say anything about his joy. Immediately met with Fan Chengkun.

Fan Chengkun introduced the entire battle to King Zhou during this time. That Princess Anping was also the same as King Zhou, listening attentively.

In the end, Fan Chengkun said: "Mr. Zhang asked me to tell the prince that everything is fine with your distinguished guests in Yaogang. Your guest will also bring you a letter.

Although King Zhou was not worried about his son's safety in Yaogang, it was impossible not to worry about it, and when he saw his son's letter, King Zhou was relieved.

King Zhou said: "I can't get any news about the kiln during this time, and I'm anxious." Now that's great. ”

Fan Chengkun said: "Our General Li Jing has led people to occupy Qinshui to Wuzhi County, where the Yellow River enters the estuary. Our telegraph phone will be here soon. Mr. Zhang also asked me to tell you that in the future, telegrams and calls will also be sent across the Yellow River to Kaifeng. At that time, you can talk to Mr. Zhang from our kiln gang here. ”

King Zhou hadn't heard of the telegraph call, so he hurriedly asked, "Tell me quickly, what's going on with this telegraph call?" ”

Fan Chengkun had no choice but to give another explanation to King Zhou about telegraph calls, and said: "Although Li Zicheng's hundreds of thousands of troops surrounded the kiln gang, the telegraph and telephone between our kiln gang and the smelting yard and Lingshui wharf are all connected, and we can exchange news at any time. What other battle can Li Zicheng fight? ”

King Zhou listened and nodded again and again.

King Zhou asked, "When are you going to lay down Tongguan?" ”

Fan Chengkun said: "Mr. Zhang said that Tongguan is easy to fight at any time. But Mr. Zhang wanted to wait for Shanxi to stabilize before speaking. ”

Bidding farewell to King Zhou, Fan Chengkun came to the dock and saw that the goods to the Kaifeng branch had been unloaded according to Lu Chengxiang's plan. Fan Chengkun commanded the fleet to go straight to Xuzhou. Lu Jun and Lin Xinmin of the Xuzhou branch came to the dock with people. Lu Jun and the others couldn't wait to ask Fan Chengkun about the situation over there in Yaogang.

Fan Chengkun smiled and said, "You don't know if you look at us, there's nothing going on over there in the kiln." ”

Lu Jun almost cried and said, "We are here, and we hear a message on the left and a message on the right." Don't say that's like this on the kiln side, that's it. We don't have any thoughts, it's really like a year. ”

Fan Chengkun said: "In a word, we beat Li Zicheng away. Don't worry. If you want to hear more about it, it depends on whether your food and drinks are good. ”

Lu Jun and Lin Xinmin said: "Don't worry, there will be enough good wine and meat tonight." ”

For this wine in the evening, Lu Jun also invited Liu Qin, an old friend of the kiln people.

Liu Qin said to Fan Chengkun: "The shopkeeper Lu knows, I also came over to inquire about the news of the kiln gang in three days. It made our host a little dissatisfied with me. ”

Fan Chengkun also said politely: "Thank you friends for your concern." Now everyone can rest assured. Our kiln is getting stronger and stronger. But no matter how powerful we are, we will not change with our friends. ”

When unloading things this time, Lu Jun was dissatisfied with his father again, and said: "We can sell as many firewoods, soaps, woven fabrics, and glass mirrors as we have in the kiln, why don't you leave us more." ”

Fan Chengkun said: "Where and how much this thing is unloaded is arranged by Mr. Lu. I can only do it. However, it will be fine in the future, and you will soon have a telegram here, and then you will be able to reason directly with your old father. ”

Lu Jun and Lin Xinmin didn't know what telegrams and telephones were, so Fan Chengkun had to explain again.

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anesthesia, anti-inflammatory, blood transfusion, suturing, surgery; Zip code, constitution, patents, stocks, scientific and technological innovation. --Progress of "Memories of the Southern Song Dynasty".