Chapter Ninety-Eight: Preparation for Alkali Production

When Qingfengzi's master and apprentice first started listening to the class, they originally wanted to see the excitement and see what these people could say. The two of them were just interested in the pencil in their hands, and they kept playing with it, writing and drawing on paper.

But listening to it, the two of them were attracted by what Zhang Zhimu said. They thought it was incredible, these were very profound things, how could they tell these workers so casually. With Zhang Zhimu's continuous in-depth explanation, the two people who used to think they were erudite had to concentrate on listening to the lecture. Fortunately, the pencils in the hands of these two people are already very flexible, and they can take notes with everyone. Since there is no textbook, when Zhang Zhimu lectures, don't pay attention to the board book, so that the note-taker can remember it more organized.

When Zhang Zhimu's course was finished, the master and apprentice also breathed a sigh of relief. Back in the guest room, the two were still studying the lesson that Zhang Zhimu had just lectured on in front of their notes. Both of them were the first to see a way of lecturing, which allowed many people to learn the most in the shortest amount of time.

Qingfengzi said: "This donor, he talks about so many things at once, can his employees understand it?" ”

Apprentice Li Shoutan said: "He doesn't know how many things there are in his heart, and he can't wait to pour them all out at once." ”

"This person looks smiling and polite, but it's unfathomable!" Qingfengzi said, "Could this be the stranger we are looking for?" But that's not the right age, right? ”

Li Shoutan said: "I don't care if he is a stranger now, I must learn what is in his heart." ”

"It's not difficult, I don't think he's a stingy person, and I think he can't wait for everyone to learn everything at once. I have a feeling that this person is definitely not an ordinary person, and you may not be able to learn the things in his heart in your life. ”

Li Shoutan came up with Brother Gongzi's temper and said, "Then I will learn from him in the next life." ”

Zhang Zhimu's office is a suite, and Zhang Zhimu usually works in the inner room, and when there are guests, he meets them outside.

As soon as Zhang Zhimu came to his office, Qingfengzi's master and apprentice were led in by Yang Yulin. It turned out that as soon as Zhang Zhimu entered the office, he said to Yang Yulin at the door: "Qingfengzi, they will bring them in when they come." ”

Zhang Zhimu asked Yang Yulin to serve the Longjing tea brought back from Hangzhou. The two of them drank tea, and the breeze boasted that this was good tea. And the water here is good, it's really good water with good tea. And said: "I heard that Zhang Shizhu went to Jiujiang and Jingdezhen. Why don't you bring back some Huangshan hairy tips, that kind of tea also has a unique taste. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "I have Huangshan Maojian here, and I will ask Yang Yulin to send you some later." ”

Qingfeng Zilian said: "Thank you! Thank you! I haven't drunk Huangshan Maojian for many years, but I didn't expect to meet Huangshan Maojian in Zhang Shizhu. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "It's not that the war is chaotic, the tea farmers in Huangshan can't sell tea, and we can't drink the tea in Huangshan." Master Qingfengzi is a master of the world, what do you think of this troubled world. ”

"The affairs of this world are chaotic for a long time, and chaos will be ruled for a long time. This is the fixed number. Qingfengzi replied.

Zhang Zhimu thought to himself, this Qingfengzi still knows a little dialectics, and his knowledge is good. Then he asked, "Master, where is the root cause of this chaotic governance?" ”

Qingfengzi couldn't say this, and said, "This is the fixed number." In fact, he is right, according to dialectics, everything from birth to death is a natural law.

"Actually, I have some opinions." Zhang Zhimu said: "At the beginning of the founding of the country, all dynasties wanted to equalize the wealth and the poor, but all dynasties and generations did not prevent a small number of people from accumulating property and land, making it impossible for more and more people to survive. had to rise up, and the result was a change of dynasty. However, these people who seized power began a new round of accumulation of wealth and land, and then another cycle. In each reincarnation, there are countless bloody sacrifices. This is the root cause of this chaotic governance. ”

Zhang Zhimu spoke, and the two of them nodded straightly.

Qingfengzi asked: "Master Zhang, is there a way to get the world out of this reincarnation?" ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "If I say it, it will be a great disrespect to the court and the emperor." I think that no matter what happens, as long as you see it through, there will be a solution. ”

Seeing that Zhang Zhimu didn't say anything, the two of them itched in their hearts. But I also know that Zhang Zhimu has said enough about two people who don't know each other.

Qingfengzi said: "Last night, my master and apprentice listened to Zhang Shi's lecture and benefited a lot. We want to bother for a few more days and finish Zhang Shizhu's class, do you think it's okay? ”

"You are welcome to stay here for a few more days, and I will ask you about alchemy."

Qingfengzi said: "It's easy to say, we can learn from each other." Wait until we finish Zhang Shizhu's course. I also learned to give lessons to Zhang Shizhu. ”

Sent away, Qingfengzi master and apprentice. Yang Yulin reported a few things.

First, the coke on the smelter side has been refined. The coke rate is nearly 50%, the coal tar and ammonia have been packed with jars, and the mouth of the jars has been sealed with plaster.

Second, Li Yunhe came over and said that the pressure gauge that Zhang Zhimu arranged for them to do was almost there, and it was time to do experiments.

Third, Mr. Ouyang wanted to have a good talk with Zhang Zhimu, and hoped that Zhang Zhimu would arrange a time.

Fourth, Yang Jing has returned from delivering grain and salt to Niutou Mountain, and Yan Xing has also followed down the mountain. Yan Xing is now going to Xiurong to do errands. When he came back in the evening, he asked Yang Jing to tell Zhang Zhimu that he would prepare wine and food and wait for him.

Fifth, Mr. Lu Bingyi said that all the metric weight weights have been prepared, and there is time for Zhang Zhimu to go over and take a look.

Zhang Zhimu said: "It's great that Yan Xing is here. You and your mother can also meet Yan Xing. I don't know if Yang Jing's body is just right, and he can run such a long way all at once. ”

Yang Yulin said: "We all advised Yang Jing not to be reckless. But if he didn't let him go, he would be in a hurry. But it's okay, I ran a trip, and my spirit is much better than before. These days, watching everyone rushing from south to north, south, and north, he has long been in a hurry. ”

Zhang Zhimu said: "It's okay. As for Mr. Ouyang, you can arrange for him to come to see me in the afternoon. I should have talked to him a long time ago, and don't let anyone disturb us in the afternoon. ”

"I don't think Mr. Ouyang is like a fortune teller." Yang Yulin said.

"What do you think he looks like?"

"What do you think about it?"

"He's a great guy. If you go back to the Three Kingdoms era, he may be a Zhuge Liang. However, he was born in a bad era, and some were born late. Anyway, he's still an amazing guy, and I've noticed him for a long time. Just waiting for him to reveal his true face, he can't be angry. Ha ha! You hurry up and call Li Yunhe now. That's what matters. Zhang Zhimu said.

"So you've been keeping an eye on him for a long time. You're a scary person. After Yang Yulin finished speaking, she went out and went to find Li Yunhe. There's no way, a phone call in the previous life, and I have to trouble the big beauty to go on a trip.

Li Yunhe brought Lu Qi, Liu Bensheng, and Liu Baoxue together. The leaders of these four factories were simply fascinated by the development of new things. Now that Liu Bao has learned from Yaogang, he has simply changed a person. Even he doesn't know why, he has endless energy every day. Now he has completely taken over the two iron-making furnaces on this side of the kiln. When he found out about the asbestos protective clothing he tried here, he was overjoyed. Hurriedly came to Zhang Zhimu and suggested that this kind of protective clothing be sent to the smelter. He said that with such clothes, workers can be less injured, work freely, and work more efficiently. Zhang Zhimu quickly adopted his advice and sent protective clothing to the smelter. However, Zhang Zhimu knows that this asbestos product still has a certain harm to people, and the fine fibers of asbestos are inhaled into the lungs, which will cause harm to people's lungs and can even cause cancer. So he told the workers not to work in front of the stove, so put the clothes in the closet, and when they were fine, flush them with water.

Li Yunhe, who entered the house, was holding a pressure gauge with a pointer in his hand.

This pressure gauge was also designed by Zhang Zhimu. Its principle is to use the elastic deformation of the spring to detect the pressure value, and the deformation value of the spring can be displayed by turning the indication reading of the pointer into the pointer.

First of all, there is a piston that can slide in the cavity with a spring on the outside, and there is a copper rod connected to the piston through the inner hole of the spring, the pressure on the piston is different, the length of the spring compression is also different, and the length of the copper rod is also different. The copper rod is linked to a small shaft connected to the pointer, and the position of the needle varies depending on the length of the copper rod. In this way, the pressure on the piston can be detected. The pressure gauge is twisted on the pressure vessel through threads, and the piston surface touches the gas or liquid in the vessel, and the pressure in the vessel can be read through the pointer. There are two difficulties in this pressure gauge, one is the tightness of the piston. This problem is solved by improving the accuracy of the piston and cylinder block, and the second is that two sealing grooves are machined on the piston and two sealing rings are added. For further sealing, a rubber gasket was added to the outside of the piston. Because there is very little gas exposed through the piston, the stroke of the spring is very short, and a layer of asbestos pad is added between the rubber pad and the piston to insulate the heat, so this pressure gauge is still reliable within a certain pressure range. For the convenience of metrological detection, the area of this pressure gauge piston is one square centimeter.

Zhang Zhimu personally customized, and the unit of pressure was Pascal. That is, when the pressure of one square meter is one Newton pressure, it is defined as one Pascal and is marked as Pa(N/M).

thereinto

One kilogram = 9.8 Newtons

1Pa = 1 Newton/m2 = (1/9.8 kg)/m²

1 megapascal (MPa) = 1,000,000 pascal (PA) = 10.3323kg/cm2

For the sake of safety, Zhang Zhimu Zhang Zhimu first set the limit value of the pressure gauge to 1 megapascal. In the previous life, the pressure of the gas tank was 0.7MPa.

The scale of the pressure gauge is engraved in this way, first fix the small piston of the pressure gauge upward, and then when no weight is placed on the small piston, the scale of 0 pressure is engraved at the position indicated by the pointer; When placing a weight of 1.033231kgx10 on the piston, adjust the indication of the pointer to the full scale position. In this way, the scale of 0 pressure and 1 MPa pressure is determined by repeated adjustments.

When the weight of 1.033231 kg is placed on the piston, a symbol is engraved on the dial, which is a tenth-tenth MPA scale, and double the weight, which is two-tenths MPa, and another logo is engraved, and this is engraved until the mark of nine-tenths MPA, and the scale of the entire range is engraved.

Zhang Zhimu also told them that this measurement is a differential pressure, because there is an atmosphere outside the barometer, and this atmospheric pressure has a column of 0.1MPa = 760mmHg mercury. I will talk about this in detail later.

Holding the pressure gauge carefully made and carefully marked by Li Yunhe and others, Zhang Zhimu said to several people: "Our watch can be installed on the boiler of our practical steam engine in the future, so that we can know how much pressure there is in the boiler, and with the pressure relief valve, it will be much safer to use." But now this pressure gauge has another use. ”

Zhang Zhimu took out a few more drawings and asked a few people to come around. Except for Liu Baoxue, who came from the smelting plant, these people have basically mastered the technology of mechanical drawing and mapping. Zhang Zhimu told them that this was a set of drawings for a manual piston gas compressor. In fact, the principle of this manual piston gas compressor is the same principle as the bicycle pump commonly used in the previous life. It's just that the pressure is greater, the accuracy is higher, and the structure is more complicated.

This is also a structure in which the piston moves inside the cylinder. When the piston moves outward from the bottom of the cylinder, the cylinder volume increases, the air pressure decreases, the intake valve opens under the action of pressure difference, the outlet valve is closed and is closed on the contrary, and the gas enters the cylinder from the intake valve. When the piston moves back to the limit position, the gas volume decreases and the pressure increases, the intake valve is closed, the piston continues to move, and the gas pressure in the cylinder continues to increase, when this pressure is greater than the pressure outside the outlet valve, the outlet valve opens, and the gas is pressed out of the cylinder by the piston that continues to move.

The external structure of this manual piston gas compressor is that a manual lever drives a sector gear, which pushes a rack, which in turn is connected to the piston. When the lever is pulled in front and rear, the piston in the cylinder is moved. It is also possible to pump the gas from the intake valve into the cylinder into the container to which the outlet valve is connected.

The piston in the gas compressor has a diameter of 20 mm and an area of 314,159 mm2. If the pressure of the outlet of the compressor is 1MPa, that is, the pressure in the cylinder is 1MPa, the pressure on the piston is 314,159x10.3323=3246kg. If the ratio of the lever to the short force is 10, the force of the lever is 324.6kg. It takes two strong men to do it. Therefore, this requires a high level of structural strength for the entire manual piston gas compressor.

The inlet valve and an outlet valve are to be made of copper. Due to the requirement of airtightness, they have high precision requirements. But they all work on the same principle, they all use a slide rod and other pistons connected to the valve.

After the gas compressor was finished, Zhang Zhimu pointed to several other drawings and said, "This is the gas storage tank I designed." One is used to store gas. After we finished refining the coke and collecting the coal tar, we washed the gas and put it in the air, which is a precious resource, and it is a pity that it is wasted and pollutes the air. We have to collect them all, and later we will have the welding technology to weld them into large jars that can be used to store gas. Now only such gas tanks can be cast from steel. Of course, I don't care about the gas yet. That's the second way I'm talking about it, which is to store carbon dioxide. You don't know what carbon dioxide is. Then let me tell you first, it is the exhaust gas that comes out of Wushan when they burn lime, and those exhaust gases should be compressed into this kind of jar with this gas compressor. ”

I can't tell them yet, but the kiln actually heats and decomposes limestone (calcium carbonate CaCO3) into calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), and what we collect is carbon dioxide (CO2).

Liu Bensheng couldn't help but ask: "Mr. Zhang, can you tell us what you are going to do with these things this time?" We also have a number in mind. ”

"Let's be honest, what I want to make most now is soda ash." Zhang Zhimu said.

"What is soda ash for?"

"The usefulness of soda ash is too great for me to say. But I want to make soap first, so that we don't have to bathe in ashes. With soda ash, I can also make glass. Sunglasses can be made out of glass, and those furnace foremen wear sunglasses, so they won't let the fire sting their eyes. With sunglasses protection, we can also engage in metal welding. With glass, we can also make glass mirrors that are 100 times better than copper mirrors. In short, as soon as this thing comes out, it will bring a lot of unexpected things. ”

It is impossible for these people to understand Zhang Zhimu's words now, but the understanding has already excited them. They know that when this thing is done, there will be new changes in the kiln, and this time the changes may be far more than the previous changes.

In order to be safer, the gas tank designed by Zhang Zhimu is a cylindrical with an internal diameter of 300mm, a wall thickness of 30mm, and a length of 1500mm. There are high-pressure valves at the mouth of the tank, and this high-pressure valve is made entirely of copper. The jar was to be made of steel.

Afraid that it would be unsafe to have trachoma, Zhang Zhimu designed a reinforced concrete house for experiments. Wait for these jars, after they are cast. Put it in this cement house, press it to 1.5 megapascals, and let it go for a while. If you have nothing to do, you can use it under pressure below 1MPa. In this way, they can basically be kept safe. Of course, when installing gas in the future, there is also the issue of explosion protection. I'll look into it when the time comes.

This safety valve is the safety guarantee of this jar, and the processing accuracy is higher.

After reading Zhang Zhimu's drawings, these people asked some questions and put forward some suggestions for improvement. For example, how to make it safer, and how to make it easier to process and install. Zhang Zhimu heard that their opinions were all aimed at reality, raised many problems that he could not have imagined, and proposed solutions. Zhang Zhimu was even happier in his heart, these people are becoming more and more mature. They should be taught the math knowledge as soon as possible, and when they have the math knowledge, they will understand the problem more deeply. Although Zhang Zhimu is not a mechanical major, he has not completely learned the mechanical principle, but he has not been exposed to mechanical equipment in the workshop of the factory, and he can still sort out some simple things by virtue of memory.