After Charles I dissolved Parliament, he lost the power to raise taxes on the landlords in various places, after all, the county government of each county was controlled by the squires, and without the help of the squires, the English king could not raise the land tax.

In this respect, the peasants of England were much happier than the class brothers of the Ming Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, because there was a mature civil ruling body, the gentry adopted a method of resisting taxes, that is, transferring the taxes that should have been borne by themselves to the yeoman farmers. In England, because of the weakness of the royal power, the squires of the county government threw aside the king's order to raise taxes.

These two different ways of resisting taxes also led to different consequences, the Ming side was the bankruptcy of a large number of homesteaders, resulting in a decrease in the proportion of tax collection year by year, these people concentrated their resentment on the court and the gentry, as long as there is a wind and grass is the situation that arises everywhere.

However, in England, the direct resistance of the gentry to the king's tax orders made them become the protectors and spokesmen of the yeoman farmers at the local level, and further controlled local affairs, thus strengthening the squire's resistance to the king.

However, this is only one of the reasons why Coul is not optimistic about Charles I, and the second is the tax increase implemented after Charles I dissolved Parliament. Since he couldn't think of a way to pay for the land tax, Charles I naturally had to think of other ways, but he didn't have many options.

Because of the political tradition left over from the Elizabethan period, the king had to get the consent of the squires to increase the proportion of taxes and land taxes, otherwise he had to sell the land owned by the royal family to make up for the shortfall. The latter approach was also the reason for the rapid expansion of the English Puritans, as most of the land owned by the crown came from estates confiscated from the Catholic Church.

Charles I's desire to switch to Catholicism in order to win the support of the Holy See in order to win Britain's say in European affairs may seem shrewd, but in reality it is extremely stupid. Because the English Puritans have grown up devouring the corpses of the English Catholic Church for more than 100 years, the king's conversion of religious beliefs involves a key question: should the church be returned to the church after the Puritans had bought from the king at a low price?

Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth relied on the staunch support of the Puritans to suppress the Catholics in England, while Charles I tried to abandon his staunch supporters and flatter a wavering group of Catholics.

However, Charles I's tax collection was quite good, and they finally found a way to increase the king's revenue, bypassing Parliament and not having to sell the royal estates.

That is to increase the circulation tax on consumer goods and the customs duty on imported and exported goods, which is the power of the king and does not need to be approved by parliament. Moreover, the collection of these two taxes did not need to go through the local county government, as long as the king gave direct orders to his own tax collectors.

The British king's way of raising taxes is no stranger to the Ming people, and my Emperor Ming Shenzong has done this as early as decades ago. Although such a tax could solve the urgent need, it made the reputation of Emperor Shenzong stink in the mouths of intellectuals and merchants.

Charles I's tax collectors were also not much more incorruptible than the tax collectors of the Ming Dynasty, and the annual salary of an ordinary British customs officer was 30 pounds, but his gray income was 2-3 times the annual salary. Moreover, Britain implemented a package tax system at this time, which means that the king can sell the right to collect taxes to merchants and let them collect taxes for a certain period of time. This is almost the same as the way the palace sends out tax collectors, except that one collects money from the king, and the other collects money from the inner treasury.

Even relying on Dongchang, Jinyiwei and local governments, the civil uprisings triggered by tax supervision have also come and gone. The resentment of the British tax collectors is certainly not small, but in Kurt's view, the real consequences of this imposition of taxation have not yet been realized.

As a researcher of British society, he believes that the taxes imposed by Charles I have actually become the biggest obstacle to the economic development of towns and cities.

One of the largest manufacturing industries in British towns and cities that have developed on the basis of manufacturing is the wool textile industry. There are more than 200,000 textile workers in England alone, mainly in the south-west of England, East Anglia and Pennine. However, before opening the door to the Chinese market, the textile industry was not a stable industry. Not only did they have to face foreign competition, but they also had to be affected by years of war in Europe.

Therefore, the most troubling problem for British textile workers is that they are often semi-unemployed. The orders in the factories are always less than their production capacity, forcing these workers to have to work half a day and be in a daze half a day. The inability to sell all of their labor force makes it impossible for the families of workers to make ends meet.

In Olnum, for example, 1 in 10 households receive regular benefits from the poor tax, and nearly a quarter to 1 in 2 households sometimes receive relief supplies or subsidies (fuel or clothing).

Therefore, work is a major survival issue for manufacturing workers, but the increase in taxes on export goods, especially on wool textiles, which are bulk goods exported from the United Kingdom, is reducing the competitiveness of British wool textiles in overseas markets.

As early as 1565, British woolen exports accounted for 78% of Britain's total exports, and by the thirties of the 17th century, the value of woolen exports still accounted for three-quarters of Britain's total exports. Since the wool required by the woolen industry in Britain was entirely homegrown, there were huge interests of rural landlords and wool merchants behind the woolen industry.

In the process of agglomeration of a large number of wool textile workshops to the cities, they brought a large number of orders for grain and non-staple food to the landlords near the cities, thus stimulating agricultural production in the villages near the cities.

However, British woolen is not without competitors in overseas markets, such as the Dutch, southern France, Spain, and Italian woolen manufacturers opposite the UK, all of which are strong opponents of British woolen merchants. Not to mention, with the import of chintz from China and India, the European woolen market has also begun to shrink.

In the East, India and China, although they have a large population base, have better cotton, brocade and other textiles because of the characteristics of the climate and their own countries, and they are not interested in expensive and heavy woolen wool.

It is only because the Ming Emperor put forward the idea of equal and reciprocal trade to the British, and the mandatory stipulation that the Ming trading merchant ships must purchase a certain amount of British goods when they return to China, which stimulated the further development of the British woolen industry, so that the British woolen industry has been in a prosperous state in the past 10 years.

Ten years ago, Britain exported less than 200,000 woolen wool, but by 1641 more than 200,000 woolen wool were exported to China alone, of which about a quarter were high-quality wide woolen wool and about three-quarters were cheap new wool.

The fine tweed was about £16 and 1 shilling and 11 pence each, the pile was £2 and 7 shillings and the long hair was £3 and 1 shilling and 4 pence each, with a total value of nearly a million pounds, accounting for nearly half of the total number of British woolen exports. As a result, the powerful British Woolen Chamber of Commerce has always stood in support of the reciprocal trade between China and the UK.

Although the Ministry of Internal Affairs was initially losing money in the woolen trade, woolen began to become popular in the Ming Dynasty after His Majesty the Emperor redesigned military uniforms and used this textile, which was heavier than cotton and silk, for the army. The use of woolen wool in the new military uniforms was obviously more structured than cotton and silk, and after the emperor took the lead in wearing woolen clothing, the nobles of the capital also began to regard this less ornate textile as a symbol of their hardship and simplicity.

The finest broad-laid woolen was consumed by the nobles and senior officers, while the cheap new woolen wool became the daily clothing of the middle and lower ranks. When the trend of wearing woolen wool in the capital was formed, it soon spread to the local area and even overseas. In this way, the woolen woolen imported from Britain finally stopped losing money, but the merchants of the Ming Dynasty took a fancy to this emerging textile market.

The army of the Ming Dynasty is in the millions, and even if you remove those areas in the south that are not suitable for wearing wool, you can at least consume millions of winter clothes made of woolen wool a year, not to mention the armies of Mongolia, Korea, Japan and other regions.

In addition, the merino and other sheep purchased by the emperor from overseas have almost formed communities in Hebei, Chengde and other places, and there is no source of wool raw materials in China. Therefore, some Ming merchants are trying their best to get some craftsmen from Britain to go back and set up woolen manufacturing factories in China to earn more profits.

King Charles I of England once again raised taxes on the export of woollen wool, which just gave these Ming merchants an excuse to start reducing their orders for woollen woollen woolen

Kurtan knew about the businessmen's calculations, but he only gave them a bottom line, requiring them to reduce their share by no more than 10% of the previous year. After all, Kurthorn knew that the reason why the emperor wanted to maintain the woolen trade was not for such a small economic benefit, but to make the British merchants and people more inclined to the position of alliance with the Ming Dynasty.

The future benefits of the alliance between the two countries for the Ming Dynasty have not yet been seen by him, but since the Sino-British woolen trade volume has been rising, the safety of the Ming merchant ships in the Atlantic Ocean has been more valued by the British Navy. The voice that was originally resistant to the direct transoceanic trade of Chinese merchant ships and claimed that goods should be transported into Britain by British merchant ships has been completely suppressed by the Woolen Chamber of Commerce. In Britain, Ming merchant ships and merchants enjoyed the treatment of their own country.

Now, because of the British king's action to raise taxes on the export of woolen wool, the woolen merchants, wool weavers, wool merchants, and village landlords have suffered a great setback, and the city dwellers, who had been vacillating from side to side, are now turning to Parliament.

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