Both ships, whether armored cruisers or ocean-going torpedo boats, feed on their speed. But the single-pass guò increases the power and uses a host with better performance. The German Navy still faced a serious problem that had to be faced - the inefficiency of the conversion of output power into speed. If this problem is not solved, the Germans will never be able to gain a speed advantage over the British in future wars.

So Jochen asked the Minister of the Navy a question: "Your Excellency Mengtz, do you remember the Zhiyuan-class protective cruiser that we sent away from the Qing naval fleet in February this year?" ”

"Of course I remember, the excellent work of the Volken shipyard. Why did you mention her all of a sudden? Muntz was amazed at Jochen's thoughtless mention of a foreign trade cruiser.

"The performance indicators and main combat opponent of the Zhiyuan-class are the Naniwa-class protective cruisers of the Japanese Navy, so I had a question after learning about the performance of the Naniwa, but at that time, because there were many things, and the performance of the Erin-class was also very reassuring, the problem was not urgent. But now when the requirements for the speed performance of the ships built in our country are becoming more and more demanding, this question must be raised. ”

"Your Highness, please speak." The performance of warships is a very sensitive topic for every designer, and His Royal Highness the Crown Prince, who has always been considered to have an extraordinary talent in the field of ship design, has questions about ship design, which makes everyone cheer up, and that must be a very important question.

"The tonnage of the Zhiyuan class and the Naniwa class is close, the Zhiyuan is about 400 tons lighter than the Nani, and the output power of the Zhiyuan class is close to 6000 horsepower and the speed is 17.5 knots, while the output power of the Naniwa is 7000 horsepower and the speed is 18.5 knots, if the Zhiyuan class wants to reach the speed of Nani, its output horsepower will be close to 8000. So why do our ships need to output so much more horsepower than others to achieve the same speed as others? That's what I doubted. ”

"This ......" heard Jochen's question, and the designers present immediately looked at each other, His Royal Highness the Crown Prince's question represented a big problem in the power utilization of German ships, which was a very strict, even fatal question. For a moment, everyone didn't know how to answer.

Ignoring the expressions of the people present, Jochen continued: "Not only that, but the Orlando-class armored cruiser of the British Royal Navy, which was just built this year, has a displacement of 5,500 tons, and only needs 5,500 horsepower to reach a speed of 17 knots, and this is their first armored cruiser with a three-cylinder three-expansion reciprocating steam engine. Maybe now we can increase the output power to achieve the same high speed as everyone else, but when the ship gets bigger and faster, how many boilers are you going to plug in more than others? ”

This is a question that no one in the audience can answer, and no one dares to answer, although His Royal Highness the Crown Prince has always shown that the image of the people is erudite and gentle. But as a crown prince who can argue with the Iron Will, no one wants to try to face his wrath.

Seeing that everyone didn't speak, Muntz could only bite the bullet, organize the language, and carefully explain to Jochen: "Your Highness, please don't blame these designers, they have done their best to improve the performance of the ship, but our shipbuilding experience and technology accumulation are indeed not as strong as the British, so while improving the performance of the ship, some details are indeed not as good as the British." ”

Muntz's words are to the point, the accumulation of technology, which the Germans can't catch up with the British, and if they want to achieve the same performance as the British, the Germans often have to make appropriate sacrifices. For example, it takes up more space to plug the boiler. This gap was not obvious when the tonnage was small and the speed was low, but when the dreadnought age was entered, the rapid rise in tonnage, and the huge horsepower required for each section of the rise after the speed exceeded 21 knots, made this gap multiplied, and the final speed gap was simply fatalized by the Germans.

The Germans had a much higher level of technology in heat engines than the British, and the Sanikelov small water-tube boiler was installed on the Bismarck armored cruiser as early as 1900, and the Schultz-Sannikrov boiler, also known as the naval boiler, which was improved by the Schultz company, had become the standard configuration of the German Imperial Navy after 1904, and the British first used the small-tube boiler on the battlecruiser Hood, which was started in 1916. Not only that, boiler superheaters, overpressure boilers were also the first to be used by the Germans. Although the Germans were one step slower in the application of steam turbines, which is indeed the Germans were too conservative in the steam turbine, it is undeniable that the Germans' outstanding achievements in the three-cylinder three-expansion reciprocating steam engine made it face the early steam turbine There is no insurmountable performance gap.

However, in the case that the output power of the German capital ships was often much higher than that of the British, the power output advantage of the Germans did not turn into a speed advantage, but was at a disadvantage in speed in the face of the British.

For example, the King-class battleship with a standard displacement of 25,390 tons completed in 1914, of which 12 navy-type mixed-combustion water-tube boilers and 3 navy-type oil-fired water-tube boilers of the Elector provided it with a strong power of 45,100 horsepower during sea trials, but under such a strong power system output, the trial speed of the Elector was only 21.2 knots, and the fastest of the four ships, the Crown Prince, relied on the output of 46,200 horsepower and was only 0.1 knots faster than the Elector. The British Iron Duke class, which was completed in the same year, also has a displacement of 2500000 tons, of which the third ship, the Ben Bao, only used 32,500 horsepower to reach a speed of 21.25 knots!

The Bavaria and Revenge classes, also completed in 1916, had a similar difference in speed, with a standard displacement of 28,600 tons and a real output of 55,900 horsepower, but only 22 knots. And the revenge-class battleship with a standard displacement of 29,100 tons can reach 23 knots with only 40,000 horsepower.

The actual speed of the completed battleships was not superior to the British, and the design speed of the unbuilt battleships was not much higher. The 30,000-ton Mackensen and Battlecruiser produced 90,000 horsepower and had a speed of 28 knots, while the 28,500-ton Tiger Battlecruiser, completed by the British in 1914, only needed 85,000 horsepower to reach the same speed.

The consequence of this situation was that in order to achieve sufficient speed, the German battleships had to use a stronger power system than the British, and the installation of a stronger power system would inevitably lead to the occupation of space and increase the weight of the ship, which in turn would inevitably lead to the reduction of other performance indicators on the ship. Therefore, even if the Germans used small-tube overpressure boilers on their warships, their power output was much higher than that of similar British ships, and the performance waste caused was immeasurable. Think about it, assuming that the Bavarian-class battleships could reach 24 knots, would the title of the best battleship of the First World War still need to be disputed between Bavaria and Queen Elizabeth?

And the reason for this situation. The information that Yoheng Tong Guò learned in his previous life can be summarized in three points:

The first and most important point is that the underwater line shape of the hull is not optimized enough. Compared with British ships, the length and width of German capital ships are smaller, and the square coefficient is larger, which naturally affects the speed. According to what Jochen had learned in his previous life, the underwater line shape of the German ships was indeed not good enough. However, the design of the ice-breaking bow itself is not conducive to high speed, and the buoyancy of the bow of the guide zhì ship is insufficient, and the recovery is extremely poor once the head is buried. In addition, the Germans also installed underwater torpedo tubes on the ice-breaking bow to further destroy the linear.

Of course, the Germans chose the icebreaker for his own reasons, because at that time, in addition to competing with the British in the North Atlantic, Germany also had to guard against the Russians in the Baltic Sea, and World War I was in the Xiaoice period, so there would be ice floes at high altitudes, so the Germans chose this design, but in fact, this design is of little significance. Throughout World War I, the main force of Maozi's Baltic Fleet was basically staying in the port. And the few encounters with the British were not in winter. Therefore, it is a waste to design to reduce the performance of a ship in order to deal with the need for ice floe, which has little chance of being used. As for the torpedo tubes, it can only be said that seeing that everyone did this, the Germans followed the crowd again.

The second point is that the propeller efficiency is not high, and this point is completely hearsay in Jochen's previous life, it is said that the propeller efficiency of the Queen Elizabeth-class battleships that have been compared is higher than that of the Bavarian class, and Jochen does not know whether it is true or not. However, in line with the mentality of encouragement if there is a change, this article should also be taken seriously.

Thirdly, the German battle cruisers all used serial rudders because of the lack of stern width, so Jochen also suspected that the lack of stern width might interfere with each other's propeller turbulence and affect the speed.

In fact, this is not only the case in Germany, but also in other countries, even in World War II, the Americans, whose industrial capacity has long been one street behind the British, are still inferior to the British in terms of power utilization, and the Americans need higher output power to achieve the same speed. But the difference between the Americans and the Germans is that the Americans with explosive industrial capacity can often come up with a super power pack that scares people to death, and I am not just a little taller than the British, I am twice as tall as the British! The 220,000-horsepower power system of the Iowa-class battleships built during World War II was indeed nearly twice as high as the 130,000-horsepower British battleship of the same class, the Avantgarde. Relying on this super power system, during the Vietnam War, the Americans overloaded the New Jersey with an output of 254,000 horsepower, pushing the New Jersey at a terrifying speed of 35 knots at that time. Contrary to the "pneumatic supplement for insufficient power" pursued by Lao Maozi in the field of aviation during the Cold War, the Americans, who have strong power manufacturing capabilities, firmly believe that "as long as the power is sufficient, the bricks can also fly into the sky." Such a declaration of local tyrants was obviously not something that the Germans could shout, so Jochen had to find a way to go to the hull.

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