Referring to the spread of Buddhism in the steppe, Gongsun Kang argues that the Manchus were very successful in controlling Mongolia.

1. High-level intermarriages are constant. The Manchu royal family continued to take the noblewomen of the Horqin Mongols as wives, and also continued to marry their daughters to the Horqin Mongols. Later, it was equivalent to the merger of the two families into one. The wife of the Manchu emperor was his father's sister, his aunt.

2. Reduce the number of people and control the population. There is a limit to the number of male members in the Mongolian tribe, and the Horqin Mongols are said to have a population limit of only 80,000.

3. Vigorously promote Buddhism. At that time, the primogeniture was practiced in the Mongolian tribes, and the remaining sons were all going to be monks~~~ and Buddhism was tolerant, which virtually reduced the blood of the Mongols.

4. Divide and disintegrate the upper echelons of Mongolia, making them corrupt and degenerate. The Mongol tribal leaders were all crowned kings, so that they did not belong to each other. You are the king and I am the king, and although the population of your tribe is 10 times that of mine, we are equal. The promotion of a culture of luxury among the Mongolian top brass has deprived the top brass of the incentive to resist.

5. Recruit Mongol warriors to fight. Don't you Mongols like to be heroes? Okay, I'll enlist you to go to war, to put down the rebellion. Go and plunder, go and build up your deeds. But in fact, in one battle after another, most of the Mongol warriors hung up.

6. The above five points are all based on a strong military foundation. It is undeniable that the Manchu Qing Dynasty was very strong in the fighting power of the Eight Banners in the early period of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and after beating the Mongols, they carried out the above policies semi-coercively.

In the 267th year of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, the Mongols remained obedient until the fall of the Manchu Qing Dynasty and did not rebel. It was not until the third year of the Qing Dynasty (1911) that Outer Mongolia became independent.

Zhao Yun has been listening to everyone's speeches, he has been tired of running recently, but he has a little experience in the defense of Youzhou.

Gongsun Kang motioned for Zhao Yun to speak, and Zhao Yun said: "At present, we have not attacked the grassland, and the people of Youzhou are unbearable to harass. Some local heroes have a bit of defensive experience, that is, to build watchtowers.

A circle (e.g. 6-8) watchtowers enclose a stronghold, the defenders are hiding in the watchtowers, the watchtowers are ready for half a year's water and food, and a watchtower is enough for 5 soldiers to guard.

The "strongholds" are located in important areas, and the flames between the "strongholds" can immediately transmit messages to the "military towns".

When the nomadic cavalry came to attack the stronghold in a big way, they asked the guards in the watchtower to hold out for about half a year, try to consume the opponent's offensive, and organize a counterattack by the "military town", and then strike preemptively.

The watchtower is 15 meters high, 6 meters in diameter, and is built of stone masonry. We have cement in Liaodong, which can also make the watchtower stronger.

Because the watchtower is much higher than the city wall, the enemy army is unattainable if it is attacked by a ladder. Only by adopting the siege strategy, the nomadic army can generally only besiege for a month before the food and grass are exhausted. If the nomadic army crosses the "stronghold" and only leaves a small force to besiege the "stronghold", the enemy will have great worries, and the large army will not be able to grab much, because grain and other important materials are hidden in the "watchtowers", and the "watchtowers" are everywhere, and there are villages and villages. A "battle" will not last more than half a year, and the enemy will retreat.

Even if the "stronghold" was breached, the "watchtower" was still there, and important materials such as grain, gold and silver were still there. If the enemy desperately attacks the "watchtower" at all costs, it can only kill 5 soldiers, and it will suffer a big loss.

"Diaolou" ---- spacing 100 meters, 15 meters high, with a roof;

The "stronghold" (i.e., the fortress) is 80 x 80 meters ---, has a wall 5 meters high, and can accommodate about 2,000 people to take refuge.

In the countryside of the northeastern border, if such a fortification is built in every village, the nomadic army will not be able to grab much. ”

The thing Zhao Yun said is still feasible.

In later generations: 1. There are still many examples of such "watchtowers" in Tibet.

2. The tulou in Fujian is also very famous, and its defense function is very strong. Although the "watchtowers" in the Lingnan area were built in modern times (reinforced concrete), their defensive functions were stronger. The "turret" of the Japanese devils caused great trouble to the Eighth Road.

3. The Western European countries in the era of cold weapons did not have many natural dangers, and they relied on castles to defend themselves, and because the attackers did not gain more than they lost, it was difficult to "unify the country".

4, to "watchtower" to enclose a "fortress stronghold", the cost is not much, according to the vertical and horizontal every kilometer set up on a place, villages and villages have protection, villages and villages are "the unity of the army and the people", then the cavalry force every time to attack, if you fight for a hundred lives to break through a "fortress stronghold", they can not afford to lose. Historically, after the nomadic cavalry broke through the border defense, they often entered a no-man's land, plundering villages and fighting to support the war.

5. Supply 1 kg of water and 1 kg of rice per pawn, and store about 10 tons of water and 10 tons of rice, which can be used by 10 people for 3 years. Put the water and rice into the urn, even the urn 50 catties, 400 urns, occupy 2 layers of space, the outer water urn, the inner rice urn, can be fireproof.

Gongsun Kang asked the confidential secretary to record it again. As the current defense method of the people and villagers in Youzhou, it is to build a large number of watchtowers. Of course, the government has to come forward to help the villagers to set it up.

This method has been effective until the melting steppe peoples are completely wiped out.

History is very good at jokes, many nomads rely on riding archery horses, full moon scimitars defeated the farming people, entered the Central Plains, established a separatist regime or even a unified regime, and were quickly assimilated by the farming people, integrated into the big family of the Chinese nation, but soon defeated by the emerging nomads, and the emerging nomads were assimilated by the farming peoples, and so on and so on and so on.

Although the Han nationality, as an agrarian nation, is often defeated by the nomads, the nomads are constantly integrated and even extinct, while the Han people continue to add fresh blood, continue to grow, become the world's largest nation, standing in the forest of the world's nations, it can be seen that the profound Chinese culture will eventually defeat the Jin Ge iron horse and ride the scimitar.

Most of the rising nations in modern times believe that their own interests should take precedence over other nations and states; Therefore, Western countries talk about democracy and freedom internally; Try to be as tolerant and tolerant as possible towards your fellow citizens; Externally, they share the same hatred for the enemy, regard the people of other countries as grass and mustard, launch wars to plunder resources, and feed wars with war. In fact, the path taken by Westerners still retains the habits of nomads - bandit logic, personal heroism, and taking risks to make a fortune. And they have done so many bad things, but they have no rules and precepts to restrain them, so they often think that they are right and have no sense of guilt. Therefore, in film and television dramas, you can often see the appreciation of villains - Pirates of the Caribbean, Megatron.

The opposite is true in countries where the ideology is still an agrarian nation. Due to the excessive restraint, they lack the spirit of adventure, and they would rather suffer some losses, even as slaves, they must live a relatively stable life. The habits of war are considered bad, and the advantages are considered risky, and it is not worth trying. In fact, foreign wars can solve many domestic problems; Victory, you can get the wealth of the defeated side and even women, you can make the country and the people rich; Losing the war can alleviate the problems of unemployment and the shortage of men and women for the country.

(End of chapter)