Wei Qian (220-291), the name Boyu. A native of Anyi, Hedong (now north of Xia County, Shanxi). He was a general of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period, an important minister and calligrapher in the Western Jin Dynasty. The son of Cao Wei Shangshuwei.

Wei Qian Shanli book and chapter grass. Not only does he work part-time, but he can also learn from the strengths of the ancients, and he is a creative calligrapher. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Huaijun's "Book Break" commented that his chapter grass was a "divine product".

Wei Qian was born in a family of eunuchs, and when he was young, he was an official in the Wei State, and served as a scholar, a loose cavalry attendant, a servant, and a court lieutenant. Later, he participated in the Shu War as the commander of the Zhenxi Military Division and the supervising army. After the death of Shu Han, he and Zhong Hui arrested Deng Ai together, and when Zhong Hui rebelled, he successfully quelled the rebellion and ordered Tian to continue to kill Deng Ai and his son. After returning to the division, he was transferred to the military of Xuzhou and the general of Zhendong, and was named the Marquis of Yang.

In 263 A.D. (the fourth year of Jing Yuan), Wei Qian supervised the military operations of Deng Ai and Zhong Hui as a supervisor and held a Fu Festival during the crusade against Shu Han, acting as the military secretary of General Zhenxi, and commanding 1,000 troops. After Pingshu, Deng Ai was arrogant and arbitrary, and Zhong Hui and Wei Qian secretly played Sima Zhao, saying that Deng Ai had a counter-situation. Emperor Cao Huan of Wei Yuan issued an edict to imprison Deng Ai in a prison car. Zhong Hui first sent Wei Qian to Chengdu to capture Deng Ai, Zhong Hui thought that Wei Qian had few soldiers, and planned to kill him by Deng Ai's hand to increase Deng Ai's treason.

Wei Qian knew it, but he couldn't refuse, so he went to Chengdu. After Wei Qian arrived in Chengdu at night, he sent a message to Deng Ai's generals, claiming that "Deng Ai is arrested by the edict, and the rest of the people will not be held accountable." If you report to the imperial army, the title reward will be the same as before; If he dares not to come forward, he will destroy his three clans. So when the rooster crowed the next day, Deng Ai's subordinate generals rushed to the Wei Qian military camp, and only Deng Ai was still in the tent and did not come out. So Wei Qian rushed to Deng Ai's residence in the messenger's car after sunrise, and Deng Ai was still asleep at this time, and the father and son were captured together. Deng Ai sighed to the sky: "I, Deng Ai, am a loyal minister!" How could it be! What happened to Bai Qi in the past is seen again today. ”

At this time, Deng Ai's subordinates planned to intercept the prisoner cart to rescue him, and led the soldiers and horses to the Wei Qian military camp. Wei Qian came out to greet him in light clothes, pretending to be writing a chapter to defend Deng Ai's affairs, but the generals believed him and stopped rescuing Deng Ai. [2]

On the fifteenth day of the first month of the first month of 264 A.D. (the fifth year of Jing Yuan), Zhong Hui arrived in Chengdu and decided to rebel.

The next day, on the grounds that Empress Dowager Guo was mourning, he invited Hu Lie and other generals and officials to the court of Shu State, took the opportunity to put them under house arrest, and raised troops to rebel. At this time, all the soldiers only thought about the return of the class teacher, and there was a commotion inside and outside Chengdu, and people were very worried and afraid. Zhong Hui left Wei Qian by his side to discuss the matter, and wrote "want to kill Hu Lie and others" on the wood chip to show Wei Qiang, but Wei Qian did not agree, and the two began to be suspicious of each other. When Wei Qian went to the toilet, he ran into Qiu Jian, Hu Lie's original left and right general, and told him that he wanted him to spread the news to the army.

Zhong would force Wei Qian to make a decision, and the two of them couldn't close their eyes that night, and each held a knife on his knee. The next day, some troops outside the city who got the news were already preparing to attack Zhonghui, but they did not dare to send troops because Wei Qian was still inside. Zhong Hui wanted to order Wei Qian to go out to comfort the armies, but Wei Qian planned to take this opportunity to get out, and deliberately said to Zhong Hui: "You are the commander of the armies, you should go by yourself." Zhong Hui said, "You are the prison army, I should let you go first, and I will arrive later." Wei Qian then left the palace, and Zhong Hui regretted it and sent someone to call him back.

Wei Qian claimed that he was sick and pretended to fall to the ground, and when he arrived outside the city, Zhong Hui sent dozens of cronies to chase him. Wei Qian took salt water to drink and made himself vomit. Because Wei Qian himself was thin, he looked like he was seriously ill, and the cronies and doctors sent by Zhong Hui came to see him, saying that he was seriously ill, so Zhong Hui had nothing to fear. After the gate of the city was closed after dark, Wei Qian made a letter announcing that all the armies had already called for an automatic call, agreeing to crusade against Zhonghui together the next morning. Zhong Hui led all the soldiers into battle, and the armies outside the city defeated him, leaving only hundreds of native soldiers in the tent to follow Zhong Hui, and finally all of them were killed. Wei Qian restrained the generals before calming down.

The generals of Deng Ai's camp wanted to catch up with the prisoner car to rescue Deng Ai and welcome him back to Chengdu, Wei Qian thought that he and Zhong Hui had framed Deng Ai together, and feared that something would happen, so he sent the escort Tian Xu to Mianzhu to attack Deng Ai in Sanzaoting at night and kill Deng Ai's father and son. At first, when Deng Ai entered Jiangyou, Tian Xu didn't dare to advance, Deng Ai wanted to kill him, and soon released him, and waited until Wei Qian sent Tian Xu to say to him: "You can avenge the humiliation in Jiangyou." ”

Stroking the bed and sighing

When Emperor Hui of Jin was still the crown prince, the ministers thought that he was simple and naïve, and he was overwhelmed. Wei Qian didn't dare to say anything about it every time. Later, at the banquet in Lingyuntai, Wei Qian pretended to be drunk, knelt in front of Emperor Wu's bed and said, "The minister has something to say." Emperor Wu asked, "What do you want to say?" Wei Qian wanted to speak again and again, three times in a row, so he had to touch the bed with his hand and said: "It's a pity that this seat is a pity!" Emperor Wu suddenly realized and said, "Are you really drunk?" Since then, Wei Qian has not mentioned this matter again.

One is two wonderful

Wei Qian is knowledgeable, knowledgeable, and talented. and the same Shangshulang Suo Jing are good at cursive, and they are called "one machine and two wonders" by people at that time.

Look ahead, ignore behind

Wei Qian once wrote to Wei Shu, who had abdicated his position and returned home, with emotion: "Every time I talk about this matter with my feet, there is no result in ****, just like when you see it, it is in front of you, but suddenly, if you don't pay attention, it appears behind again." ”

In the employment system of the Western Jin Dynasty, Wei Qian put forward bold reform proposals. Originally, after the establishment of the Cao Wei regime, Emperor Wen of Wei formulated the "Nine Grades Zhongzheng System" according to the suggestion of Chen Qun, the secretary of the Ministry of Officials, as a system for selecting officials, which objectively contributed to the formation of the gate valve system and the development of the power of the gate valve family. The officials who serve as "Zhongzheng" are all big families, so the characters are completely controlled by the wealthy families.

In his letter to Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, Wei Qian believed that the Jiupin Zhongzheng system was just an expedient measure, not a long-term way. This kind of practice of calculating capital and determining products and placing a position as a preciousness will inevitably produce the malpractice of making people abandon morality and ignore the way, which is not conducive to the fortunes of the country and the people's livelihood, and should be eliminated. He advocated the restoration of the system of recommending talents selected by the townships. He also discussed the importance of opening the road to virtuous people: "Let the subordinates respect their superiors, the people conform to the education, the customs and politics are clear, and the education and the legal system complement each other." People know the difference between good and bad, and if they don't socialize with friends, that is, the things that compare luxury will automatically die, and everyone has to start with themselves. Now that the nine-rank system has been abolished, the old system should be approved so that the ministers of the court jointly recommend each other for appointment, and since the path of talented people is wide, it can encourage everyone to have the desire to recommend sages and check the gains and losses of incumbent officials. Obviously this is a very good system. "These valuable ways of using talents have won the praise of Emperor Wu of Jin.

(End of chapter)