Chapter 20 White Horses Are Not Horses

Guanyu's thinking is obviously more open than that of Song, as the great elder of the tribe, it is difficult for Song to accept Xiong Jing's propositions, but if he doesn't accept it, not to mention the gods of foreign races, I am afraid that even the gods of the Chu people will snatch the market of the Yue people. He withdrew from the main bed with a solemn expression, and only then did Xiong Jing continue to talk about the innovation of the Spirit Sect's teachings.

"The One God created the entire universe." The word universe confuses Guanyu, which is a word that has never been used before. "There are countless galaxies in the universe, and each galaxy has an infinite number of suns, and each sun is flanked by planets, some of which cover the atmosphere, and some of which are deserts. The distance between the sun and the sun should be measured by light, which travels more than 728,000 miles in one second, and even light takes years or decades to reach the sun from this sun to that sun......"

Xiong Jing is a spiritual cultivator, who has experienced life and death, and believes that there must be gods in the world. In that case, why not allow God to create the entire universe? After the development of science, some myths in religion have been proved by facts, but what if religion had been based on science from the beginning?

The One God created the universe, and the earth is only the third planet of one of the countless galaxies in the universe, one of the countless stars in the galaxy; There are hundreds of elements used by the One God to create matter, and each element has a kernel with a number of protons inside the core and a number of electrons outside the core; The One True God has also established countless laws for the whole worldβ€”

These laws are immutable at certain times, such as isolated particles that remain stationary or move in a straight line at a uniform speed; At some point, it will change: if two physical events at different points in space appear to be simultaneous in one inertial frame, they no longer appear to be simultaneous in other inertial frames moving relative to that inertial frame......

The basis of science is philosophy, but philosophy is the handmaiden of theology. In other words, theology is the grandfather, philosophy is the son, and science is the grandson. It is perfectly harmonious to include the scientific theories of later generations that cannot be proved at the present into the category of theology, because the three are essentially the same line, and theology, philosophy, and science must be logically self-consistent. The only difference is that witches and clergy want to use logic to prove certain gods, philosophers want to prove certain principles with logic, and scientists want to prove certain laws with logic.

In the history of human development, there were witches and priests, then philosophers, and then scientists. People often think that science and theology are opposed to each other, one is scientific and the other is superstitious, but they do not know that scientific arguments and theological arguments are completely identical.

Thinking of this, Xiong Jing had to stop and think for a while, and Guanyu happened to use this gap to sort out the instructions that Xiong Jing had just said. These instructions have never been found in spiritual doctrine, and no witch has ever been able to elevate Taiyi to such a high level.

"All living things die," Xiong Jing pondered for a moment, and couldn't help but speak: "Man is a living creature, so all mortals die." ”

"What do you mean by a king?" Guan Yu was shocked before, but now he was confused, he couldn't understand.

"White horses are not horses, huh?" Xiong Jing had to draw out Gongsun Long's famous proposition.

"No." Guan Tuo said: "A white horse is also a horse, how can it not be a horse." ”

"The horseman, the name; The white, the name. How can color and form be confused? Xiong Jing retorted, using Gongsun Long's logic.

"This ......" horse is a description of shape, and white is a description of color, and the two should not be confused. Guan Yu was suddenly asked, just as the people of Gongsun Long's era were asked by Gongsun Long.

β€œ..。” Xiong Jing said something that no one could understand, and he looked at Guan Yu again and asked, "A white horse is not all horses, but what?" ”

"Yes." This time, I understood. This is also where Gongsun Long's sophistry lies: there is no plural form of 'horses) in Chinese, and if 'η™½ι©¬ιžι©¬' is written as 'η™½ι©¬ιžι©¬ι©¬', then there is no argument.

"Yet," the corners of Xiong Jing's mouth smiled naturally, if the white horse is so famous just because the Chinese language has no plural form, then it is too much to underestimate the wisdom of the princes. "A is equal to C, B is not equal to C, and the sum of A and B is equal to C."

"Not waiting." Guanyu's natural answer was that it was a simple math problem.

"The horse is the shape, the white is the color, and the horse is white equal to the horse?" Xiong Jing asked the same question again.

"......" Guan Yu was dumb, he had already answered the previous question, and this same question could only be answered, but this did not conform to common sense, he could only be dumbfounded.

"A good man is a man, and a wicked man is a man, but a good man is not a man, and an evil man is not a man." Xiong Jing continued as an example. "Where there is good, there is evil, and where there is no evil, there is no good, and this has nothing to do with people. But no? ”

"Ministers, ministers don't know." As Xiong Jing expected, Guanyu was quickly dizzy, and he could only answer that he didn't know.

"There is no finger in the world, and there is nothing to say." Xiong Jing shook his head and talked about Gongsun Long's "Theory of Referring to Things". The meaning of this sentence is that if there are no words (i.e., names) in the world, then all things have no names. In other words, the world is named and demarcated by words, without which the whole world cannot be spoken.

"Those who refer to it are also the ones who have nothing in the world; Those who are also things are all in the world (words are originally not in the world, and all things are originally in the world).

With what is in the world, it is not possible to have nothing in the world; There is no finger in the world, and things cannot be referred to. (It is not permissible to replace words that do not exist in the world with everything that already exists in the world.) But if there is no language in the world, then everything cannot get a name named by language.)

It can't be said to be a referent, not a referent? (Does the inability to obtain a name named by language mean that the thing is not referential?) οΌ‰

Those who do not refer to things do not refer to them. (There is no meaning to be referred, but everything under heaven is just demarcated by words)

There is no finger in the world and things cannot be described as referential, and there is no non-referent. (The meaning of the fact that there is no signifier in the world because there is no signifier language and that everything under heaven cannot be named: there is no place that is not signified by language.) οΌ‰

If there is no non-referent, the thing is not referential. (And there is no place that is not referred to and named by language means that everything in the world is only named by language)

Things are not referential, but non-referential (everything is referred to by words, but language is not just the name itself, because the language represented by the name is also a real existence. )”

The most important sentence was said by Xiong Jing, which is probably what Gongsun Long 'asked for'. He is not talking about horses at all, he is looking for the logic of language itself. Throughout the history of human civilization, it is not until the emergence of Ferdinand Saussure, the founder of structuralism and the father of linguistics, in the nineteenth century that we can understand what he was talking about. And this is the height that the West has reached after two thousand years of brewing, dividing the signifier and signifier of language, and understanding the semantic facts and logical truth of language.

Of course, Xiong Jing did not know Saussure, and did not know that Gongsun Long had reached a height of speculation that was difficult for all philosophers in ancient times to achieve, but he only knew that the essence of theology, philosophy, and science lies in logic, and with logic, the theological system, philosophical system, and scientific system can be self-consistent. Like a reinforced concrete edifice, only logic can build it.

Guanyu had already been dizzy, and Xiong Jing looked at him and sighed deeply. But considering that he was only inheriting his brother's position, Xiong Jing had to forgive him. After all, even in later generations, it is rare to be able to convince people with reason (logic) and make decisions with reason.

"With the order of spiritual cultivation, summon all the eloquent witches of the Chu State to enter Ying." Xiong Jing finally ordered.