Flowing water does not wash away heavy stones.

- Uzbek proverb

While Kublai Khan was creating the great cause of destroying the Southern Song Dynasty, he began to follow the advanced in a big way and began to govern his own country.

After decades of war, the population of the country has been greatly reduced, from the Song Dynasty to more than 100 million people, only a few tens of millions. The country urgently needs all kinds of talents to manage the country and develop the economy.

Of course, Kublai Khan knew in his heart that the Mongols were good at conquest, had no experience in managing political power at all levels, and were not good at governing the country. What's more, Mongolia's population is already sparse, and there are few management talents, and the supply exceeds the demand.

As a result, he retained the institutions of the Southern Song Dynasty and all the administrative officials, and made every effort to win the allegiance of the officials of the old dynasty.

In addition to the heavy use of Mongols and a small number of Han Chinese, Kublai Khan paid special attention to the use of Hui people who had conquered the country for him, and appointed a large number of Hui to important positions, such as Saidianchi Gansiding in Yunnan Province and Ahma in charge of state finances.

Back then, when Ali and Abbas followed Genghis Khan and Badr to fight in Shaanxi, they borrowed the home of Lord Mahmoud in Xianyang, and reminisced about the beautiful scenes of their hometown together.

At that time, Master Mahmoud had a fourteen or fifteen-year-old son named Saidianchi Justin (meaning the sun of religion) and Umal (meaning longevity).

When Genghis Khan went west, Genghis Ding led more than 1,000 cavalry to meet and join the Great Khan, and presented rare birds and beasts such as the leopard and the white eagle, which were accepted by Genghis Khan as his own pro-army.

Genghis Khan always called him Saidianchi (meaning sir, chief), not by his real name. And so the people called him Saidianchi.

After the accession of the Great Khan of Ögedei, Saidianchi served as the capital of Fengzhou (today's Wuyuan, Inner Mongolia), Jingzhou (today's Inner Mongolia Siziwangqi), and Yunnei (today's Datong, Shanxi, and Hoshi, Inner Mongolia). Later, he successively served as Daru Huachi of Taiyuan and Pingyang (today's central Shanxi) Second Road, Yanjing Road Chief, and interview envoy.

When Sai Dianchi was the governor of Yanjing Road, he vigorously funded Kublai Khan to pacify Yunnan, and was particularly used by Kublai Khan, and was promoted to the Xuanfu envoy of Yanjing Road, and entered Yanjing as a judge of the court, and handled the same six political affairs as Ta Rahun; He also worshiped the political affairs of Pingzhang of Zhongshu Province, managed finances, and was also responsible for the issuance of banknotes.

In 1264, Saidianchi served as the governor of Pingzhang in Sichuan Province, Shaanxi, preparing for Kublai Khan's attack on the Southern Song Dynasty.

At that time, the Southern Song Dynasty general Zan Wanshou was stationed in Jiading (today's Leshan, Sichuan), which corresponded to Saidianchi's army.

Saidianchi devoted himself to financial management and did not invade the land of the Southern Song Dynasty, so that Zan Wanshou was convinced.

Soon after, Saidianchi was recalled to Dadu by the Great Khan.

Zan Wanshou heard that he would hold a banquet for him in the military camp of the Southern Song Dynasty in the future.

Saidianchi's generals all suspected that this was a "Hongmen banquet" set up by Zan Wanshou, and kindly dissuaded him from attending the banquet.

Sai Dianchi did not hesitate to go to the Southern Song Dynasty military camp for a banquet.

At the banquet, the generals, fearing that they had poisoned the wine and advised him not to drink.

Saidianchi smiled and said, "Your knowledge is so small. Even if General Zan can poison me alone, how can he poison all the people of my Great Yuan Dynasty? ”

Zan Wanshou listened to it and was sincerely impressed.

In that year, after the Mongol army conquered the Dali Kingdom, because the officials guarding the town were all generals who only knew military affairs and did not know how to govern the country, the governance was not in place. Ethnic and class contradictions have become increasingly prominent, coupled with years of wars, water conservancy has fallen into disrepair, and the countryside has become barren, and the political situation in the border areas has been turbulent for a while.

One day in 1274, Kublai Khan suddenly summoned Saidianchi and said to him with a sad face: "Yunnan is the place where I personally defeated him. Recently, because of the improper use of personnel, the people there have become restless. I'm going to appoint a cautious and kind official to appease you, and I don't have the right person but you. ”

Saidianchi immediately accepted the appointment.

After he retired from the court, he went to visit a man who was familiar with the geography of Yunnan, and asked him to draw a map of Yunnan's mountains, rivers, cities, post houses, military camps, and dangerous points near and far, and present them to the Great Khan.

Kublai Khan was very happy to see that Saidianchi was doing such meticulous work, and immediately worshiped Saidianchi as the governor of Pingzhang in Yunnan Province.

Sai Dianchi became the first chief executive of Yunnan after the establishment of the province, and was fully responsible for the administrative affairs of Yunnan.

At this time, the royal sect king Tuhulu was guarding Yunnan Town, and after listening to the slanderous rumors of the left and right, he thought that Saidianchi would definitely take away his power after taking office. So, King Zong gathered his army and waited for it.

After hearing this, Saidianchi sent his eldest son, Nasuratdin, to the palace to explain the situation: "In view of the fact that the vassals of Yunnan are not able to be followed, the Son of Heaven has ordered the ministers to appease him. Now that I came to Yunnan, I didn't dare to act arbitrarily and alone. Ask the king to send someone over to discuss the plan. ”

When King Zong heard this, he immediately scolded his subordinates: "Lao Tzu was almost misled by you!" ”

The next day, King Zong sent his henchmen Saman and Wei Hanai to the official palace of Saidianchi.

When Saidianchi saw them, he politely asked what etiquette he should practice.

Saman and Bakhanai replied, "We will come with Nasuratdin, and we will consider each other brothers." Please see each other with the courtesy of father and son. ”

Samon and Hanai presented their horses and bowed to Saidian.

The people around him were amazed when they saw it.

Saidianchi held a feast for Saman and Hanai, and gave them the golden treasure drinking utensils that the Great Khan had given him.

The next day, Samon and Hanai came to say goodbye.

Saidianchi said: "Although you are the relatives of the king, you are not famous and cannot discuss state affairs. Originally, I wanted to confer on the two of them as provincial judges, but I did not dare to confer them on you without consulting with the king. ”

So, Saidianchi asked a person to return to the palace first and tell the king.

King Zong admired Saidianchi's approach very much, and handed over the management power.

Since then, Yunnan has broken the intertwined network of relationships, and the government decree only listens to the instructions of Sai Dianchi alone, which has improved the efficiency of administrative management.

After arriving in Yunnan, Saidianchi implemented a series of major political reforms in accordance with local conditions.

Saidianchi presented to the imperial court: "There are still many people who have not returned to Yunnan Zhuyi, and now I am going to let the Xuanwei Division concurrently carry out the affairs of the marshal's office and listen to the command of the province." It is suggested that the 10,000 and 1,000 households in Dali (Harazhang) and Yunnan should be changed to prefecture and county magistrates. ”

The imperial court adopted these suggestions.

Saidianchi changed the area of Dali to Yunnan Xingzhongshu Province, which was later referred to as Yunnan Province. He set up a county system throughout the province, and changed the governor's office, ten thousand households, and thousand households of the military units that had previously ruled the whole province into corresponding road, prefecture, and county administrative areas, weakened the always strong local separatist forces, and appointed officials by combining the nobles of various nationalities with the officials appointed by the imperial court, thus changing the once chaotic situation.

Saidianchi attaches great importance to the training of ethnic officials. After the establishment of Yunnan Province, except for the provincial capital Zhongqing, which retained the liuguan appointed by the imperial court, almost all the officials of the road, prefecture, prefecture, and county were held by the original ethnic chiefs, and at the same time, it was stipulated that every three years those who could pacify the local area and make the territory peaceful and peaceful were promoted to a higher official position.

In 1276, Saidianchi moved the provincial capital from Dali to Zhongqing (present-day Kunming).

He presided over the construction of water conservancy. First of all, the flooding in the Dianchi Basin should be eliminated, the rivers should be dredged, and the dams and sluices should be built to save water and divide floodwater. Secondly, the Jinzhi River and the Yinzhi River excavated by Dali were repaired again, and the irrigation was diverted to make the flood under human control. In the downstream of Dianchi Lake again, remove the silt, sand and gravel at the outlet, and rectify the dangers of the river, so that the water of Dianchi Lake can flow smoothly into the Jinsha River, avoiding urban waterlogging, and at the same time, "more than 10,000 hectares of soiled land, all of which are fertile land".

After the completion of the grand project that lasted 3 years and employed more than 2,000 people, the area around Dianchi Lake was a rich scene, and it was the land of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River. According to the historical records, it was to the point where there were herds of cattle and horses, dogs also ate meat, and there were so many fish and shrimp that they could be used to fertilize the fields.

At the beginning of his entry into Yunnan, Saidianchi actively established education, established the first Confucian temple in the history of Yunnan, purchased books, and invited Sichuan teachers, enrolling 150 students per session. Spare no effort to spread advanced culture. Local ethnic minorities have also sent their own children to study.

The customs in Yunnan at that time were different from those in the mainland, and men and women often married each other; When parents die, they are cremated and do not pay tribute; Rice and mulberry hemp are not cultivated locally; The children don't know how to read.

Saidianchi taught them to bow and prostrate, the marriage was introduced by a matchmaker, and the deceased was buried in a coffin, which was sacrificed and planted.

Yunnan folk are accustomed to taking shellfish as money. The government's plan to issue banknotes was met with opposition from the people.

Saidianchi truthfully reported to the imperial court, please allow Yunnan to still pass the shell coin.

The mountain roads in Yunnan are dangerous and far away, and thieves are set up, making it very inconvenient for passengers to pass.

Saidianchi chose to establish towns in a number of appropriate places, each with a local chief as a servant and a centurion as the security officer. If a pedestrian is robbed here, they are to be punished.

A few indigenous officials complained that Saidianchi governed Yunnan according to the law, and went to Dadu to falsely accuse him of acting arbitrarily and alone.

The imperial court knew that this was a false accusation and sent them back to Yunnan to be handed over to Saidianchi for punishment.

But Saidianchi released them all, and still appointed them as officials.

The group bowed their heads and thanked them, saying, "We are guilty of a capital crime by falsely accusing your lordship. Today, Pingzhang will not kill, and let us be officials, and we should swear to serve us. ”

When Saidianchi was in charge of Yunnan, the wars around Yunnan were intermittent, and diplomatic exchanges were often difficult.

The vassal state of Annan often rebelled.

Huguang Province has sent troops to recruit troops many times, but the effect is not obvious.

Therefore, Saidianchi sent an envoy to Annan to explain the truth that rebellion will invite disaster and submission will be blessed, and agreed to be brothers with Annan.

The king of Annam was very happy and personally came to Yunnan to visit.

Saidianchi went to the outskirts of Zhongqing to greet him and treat him as a guest of honor.

King Annam happily promised to become a vassal of Dayuan forever.

Once, there was a rebellion in Rodian.

Saidianchi led the Yuan army to the crusade. Along the way, he was sad and silent.

The accompanying generals asked him why.

Saidianchi replied: "I am not worried about going on a campaign, but I am worried that you may die in the war, and I am worried that you will take the civilians captive and make them unable to survive, and you will rebel again, and then you will raise an army to fight." ”

The Yuan army besieged Luocheng for three days, and the defenders still could not surrender.

The generals of the Yuan army demanded to attack Luocheng.

Sai Dianchi did not immediately approve it, but sent people to persuade him to surrender.

The chieftain of Rodian promised to surrender, but after three days there was no action.

The generals of the Yuan army again requested an attack on Luocheng.

Saidianchi still refused to approve it.

A soldier did not listen to the command and launched an attack without authorization.

When Saidianchi heard the report, he was furious, and immediately ordered the gong to be retracted, and reprimanded loudly: "The Son of Heaven ordered me to pacify Yunnan, but he never ordered me to kill. Whoever attacks a city without the order of the commander shall be executed according to military law. ”

The generals of the Yuan army hurriedly knelt down and kowtowed, asking to wait until the day of the capture of the city before punishment.

When the chief of Luodian heard this, he couldn't help but sigh and said, "Pingzhang is so lenient and benevolent, if I refuse to surrender, I shouldn't be sincere." ”

As a result, the whole country surrendered. Saidianchi also released those soldiers who did not obey orders and attacked without authorization.

Saidianchi represents the Great Yuan Dynasty, and the combination of grace and power has stabilized the neighbors.

Since then, the surrounding tribes have successively submitted to Dayuan.

Every time the chiefs of the tribes come to visit Saidianchi, they routinely contribute souvenirs.

Saidianchi distributed all these tribute products to his retinue, officials, or poor people, and did not take any of them himself.

When Saidian Chi set up a feast to comfort the chiefs of the various tribes, he took out the best clothes and shoes and socks and exchanged them for the chiefs' robes and straw sandals.

The chiefs were all convinced.

In 1279, Saidianchi was buried at the north gate of Shanxi due to his impermanence. The people of Zhongqing who spontaneously mourned for him wept bitterly for days, and the crying shook the wilderness.

King Annam sent 12 emissaries to offer his condolences. Dressed in mourning clothes, they recited the words of the memorial text, "Father and mother", which moved everyone present.

After Kublai Khan heard the news, he recalled Sai Dianchi's exploits, and issued an edict to all the ministers of Yunnan Province to inherit the rules formulated by Sai Dianchi, and posthumously presented Sai Dianchi as the king of Shangzhu and Xianyang, and was called Zhonghui.

Saidianchi raised a total of five sons, four of whom went into politics.

After the impermanence of Saidian, the Yunnan provincial ministers were helpless and helpless in the face of many difficulties.

Kublai Khan was also frowning about this.

The ministers recommended to the Great Khan the eldest son of Saidianchi, Nasuratdin.

Nasuradin was talented, and he led the Yuan army to the Golden Tooth (Dai country), Bagan (Burmese country), Pi State (Bi country), Quwax State, and Burmese State (Burmese country) located in today's Burma, so that the population of 120,200 households in 300 villages was submissive, and the rent was stipulated, the postal post was set up, and the guards were established to implement administrative management, which was praised by Kublai Khan

The second son, Hasan, was the marshal of the capital of Guangdong Province.

The third son, Hu Xin, joined the army as the son of a meritorious nobleman, and the official went to the right of Yunnan Province and the Pingzhang of Jiangxi Province.

The fourth son, Toma Su Ding Wu Murray, was appointed to the political affairs of Pingzhang in Yunnan Province.

Saidianchi Gansiding's family was a talented person who made significant contributions to the Great Yuan Dynasty.