The book is so niche that the history of the Balkans may not be familiar to everyone, and most people are stuck in the world wars.

In fact, at the end of the 19th century, diplomacy in the Balkans and the First World War were completely different concepts!

In the nineties of the 19th century, at the peak of German-Austrian diplomacy, most of the countries in the Balkans were allies or junior brothers!

Bulgaria was Russia's only ally in the Balkans at that time, and historically after the Stam cabinet came to power, Bulgarian relations broke down!!

Relations eased again during the Constantine government, and Bulgaria has been oscillating between the two blocs ever since, and the Russians chose Serbia in the Balkan War, and later were coerced by the people to join the Central Powers!

Serbian Austria-Hungary's younger brother, from the beginning of its independence until the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary in 1907, the contradictions intensified, the pro-Russian faction gained the upper hand, and then jumped ship!!

To put it simply, Austria-Hungary participated in Serbian independence, and the defeat of the Bulgarian War in 1885 and 1886 was also pulled by Austria-Hungary, and the political, economic and cultural were infiltrated!

Although Greece was the younger brother of Britain in later generations, at the end of the 19th century, the major powers had their own forces, and it was the pro-German faction that had the upper hand at that time, and it was only later that they changed their positions!

Romania was an ally of Germany at the time, and signed a secret treaty with Germany and Austria, but after the death of Carol I, the pro-Entente power grew and joined the Entente in World War I!

In general, the major powers of the Balkans intervened, and in the 19th century, after Russia's eastward advance, it relaxed its intervention in the Balkans!

The Balkan countries were all independent from the Ottomans, and the contradictions between the two sides are self-evident!

The second is the Bulgarian contradiction, in 1885 Serbia invaded Bulgaria and was defeated! With the intervention of Austria-Hungary, the truce and the two sides also took over the mortal enemy, Serbia always wanted revenge, Bulgaria was unwilling to fight a war and gain nothing!!

As everyone knows in a small country, there are always relatives and friends hanging up in a war, and the hatred between the two sides comes like this, and the pressure of public opinion makes it impossible for the two governments to compromise! At the first opportunity, both sides will choose to fall to the bottom of the stone!

Well, to briefly explain again, it is also mentioned in the book, and some people may not have paid attention!

Now again, I hope you will not be involved in the international relations of the First World War, there are still twenty years left in the world war!

The main contradictions in the world now are: the German-French contradiction, the Anglo-Russian contradiction, and the Anglo-French contradiction

The second is: the Russian-Austrian contradiction, the Anglo-German contradiction

Everyone knows the contradictions between Germany and France!

The Anglo-Russian contradictions are from Eastern Europe, the Mediterranean, Central Asia, India, the Far East, etc., and have lasted for decades, and the Crimean War and the Russo-Japanese War are the embodiment of the Anglo-Russian contradictions!

The contradictions between Britain and France can be traced back to hundreds of years, the "Hundred Years' War", "Anti-French Alliance", "American Revolutionary War", ...... Both, at the end of the 19th century, the African colonies were contested, and Britain and France were only one step away from war!

When it was Britain's enemies: the first in line was Russia; The second is France; Thirdly, some say the United States, while others say Germany.

At the end of the 19th century, Britain and Germany were still quasi-allies, Britain, Germany, Austria and Italy were ready to establish a four-nation alliance, and negotiations began.

After entering the twentieth century, the strong rise of Germany broke the balance of the European continent, threatened British hegemony, and intensified the contradictions between Britain and Germany!

Well, let's talk about it briefly, so that everyone can read the book!!

Otherwise, everyone may wonder: are the great powers crazy, how can they join forces with the enemy to do their own people; Is the protagonist sick, why should he fight Serbia if he has nothing to do, and there is no benefit?? It's better to find an Ottoman or Romanian head!!

Thank you for your support, many readers may have followed me in a daze, I can only say that I have worked hard for you!!

Good night