Chicken dung is black and white, and the traitor is a human and a ghost.

—Salar proverb

In 1230, in the south-central region of Anatolia on the peninsula of Asia Minor, a Turkmen Salur family gave birth to a lovely little boy. The boy's name was Hassan, and he was loved by his parents. Since he was a child, he loved to play games that imitated adults riding horses and fighting wars.

One day, Hassan's parents saw that he had grown up and felt the duty and obligation to tell him about their national history: "Hassan, our ancestors are the Oghuz people from the eastern desert. ”

Hassan asked curiously, "We are obviously the Salur tribe of the Turkmen, how can our ancestors be Oghuz?" What does Oghuz mean? ”

Hassan's father replied: "Oghuz means bow and arrow and bull." Our ancestors used to graze and hunt in the grasslands. Bows and arrows and bulls are the most basic guarantee for their survival.

Legend has it that the earliest source of the Oghuz people was a man named Oghuz. He was born different from a mortal, and after forty days he was a man. He has strong and powerful legs like a bull, a slender waist like a wolf, and a broad chest like a bear.

Oghuz and his cousins, the Uighurs, overthrew the vulgar and tyrannical rule of his father, the Qarakhanid, and succeeded his father as the khan of the country.

Under the guidance of the wolf, he led the people to the surrounding tribes.

The eastern Altun Khan (Jin Khan) voluntarily submitted to the Oghuz Khan, forming an alliance with him.

The Urum (Roman) emperor in the West was openly opposed to him.

So, Oghuz Khan led a large army to conquer and defeated the emperor of Urum. The Khan also conquered the Jurchens, Shenfu (India), Tang Wu (Western Xia), Shamu (Syria), and Balhan (Western Liao), becoming the overlords of the world.

Oghuz Khan took the daughter of Tianguang as his wife, and gave birth to three sons, the eldest named Sun, the second named Moon, and the third named Star; He also married the daughter of the tree cave as a concubine, and gave birth to three sons, named Heaven, Mountain, and Sea.

The six children are Sun Khan, Moon Khan, Star Khan, Blue Sky Khan, Mountain Khan and Sea Khan. Each son later raised four sons each. In this way, the Oghuz Khan had 24 children.

He named the 24 tribes of Oghuz after his 24 sons and daughters, of which our tribes of Salur, Konik and Kaya were the most famous. Each tribe has its own totem and parts of the animals it eats.

In his old age, the Oghuz Khan divided his territory among his descendants, forming the vast territory of Oghuz that would become the world. ”

Hassan asked, "Why is our territory so small now?" ”

Hassan's father smiled helplessly: "It's just a myth and a legend. The real history, let me tell you slowly. Go and get my teacup. ”

Hassan quickly ran over and brought his father's teacup, and said eagerly, "Abba, tell me quickly." ”

Hassan's father took a sip of tea and slowly began to tell:

"A long time ago, we Oghuz people lived in the grasslands of the Jiutiao River region in the northern desert of the East, and were successively called Chidi, Ding Ling and Tiele by the Qin people (referring to the Han people of the Central Plains), and they were close relatives of the same lineage. There are also people who call us the nine surnamed Oghuz or the nine surnamed Viul; The Hui are called the ten surnames Oghuz or the ten surnames Viur.

The Turks rose to prominence after the defeat of the Xiongnu Empire and continued to oppress the Oghuz people who were also living in the steppes, forcing them to speak Turkic and observe Turkic customs, calling them Black Turks or Turks with different surnames. The Oghuz formed a tribal confederation in the sphere of influence of the Turkic Khanate.

In the year 126 of Hijri (745 AD), the last Turkic khanate was severely damaged by the Tang Dynasty, the Hui Dynasty and the Grolu coalition forces, and began to migrate along the route of the Xiongnu's westward escape, constantly blending with the indigenous peoples of various places along the way.

The Turks fled, and the Uighurs established the Uighur Khanate in Mobei and continued to oppress their close relatives, the Oghuz.

As a result, the Oghuz gradually migrated west to the Altai Mountains, and finally to the steppes of the northern part of the now-extinct Khorezm Empire (present-day Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan). To the north of them was the Kimak Khanate, a steppe empire founded by the Kipchaks and Kimaks

Soon, the Uighur Khanate, renamed the Uighurs, was driven south and west of the Tien Shan Mountains by the Uighurs (ancestors of the present-day Kyrgyz people) who had moved south from Siberia. Together with the Grolus, they established the Qarakhanid kingdom and ruled and oppressed the Oghuz and Turkic mestizos there.

At that time, the Oghuz people were distributed over a vast area between the Irtysh and the Volga. In the year 204 of Hijri (820 AD), the Oghuz invaded the Sutsushana (present-day Ushrusana, Tajikistan) region of Sogdiana, an indigenous ethnic group south of the Syr Darya River (i.e., Sogdians), and began to contact the people of the Syr Darya and Amu Darya valley regions.

In the 4th century (10th century AD), they established the Oghuz state in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya River and the northern shore of the Aral Sea, reaching the lower reaches of the Ural and Volga rivers in the west and the upper reaches of the Irtysh River in the northeast, suppressing the Kimak Khanate. During this period, they also created the heroic epic "Ancestor Korkut", which is an artistic gem.

In 358 AH (970 AD), the Seljuks, the chief of Oghuz stationed in Felt (near present-day Kyzylorda in Kazakhstan), had a conflict with the king over land, and led his tribe to break away from the Oghuz kingdom and migrate south to settle in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya River. The Oghhuz were therefore renamed Turkmen, i.e. Turkic-like peoples.

At this time, the Turkic tribes that had previously moved south overthrew the Samanid Empire established by the Iranians, established their own kingdom in Afghanistan, the Kingdom of Ghaznavid, and appointed the Seljuks as the kingdom to guard the northern frontier.

In the middle of the 5th century (11th century AD), the Oghuz state was overthrown by the Kupchak Khanate, founded by the Turkic Kupchaks who rose up in the steppes.

As a result, the Turkmen tribes of the Oghuz kingdom fell apart and wandered around.

In the year 431 of Hijri (1040 AD), the Turkmen tribes who went south in the early stage, under the leadership of Seljuk's grandson, defeated the Ghaznavid Kingdom at Dandankan (near Mar, Turkmenistan), occupied Khorasan and other regions, cleared the Arab Empire, made Isfahan the capital, and established the Seljuk Empire.

The Seljuk Empire conquered Azerbaijan, Arabia, and much of Asia Minor, stretching from the Hindu Kush Mountains in the east, Syria and Asia Minor in the west, the Arabian Sea in the south, and the borders of Kievan Rus' in the north. For a while, the scenery was amazing. Dozens of nations and hundreds of khans came to the empire to pay tribute.

In 486 AH (1092 AD), after the death of Emperor Malik, the Seljuk royal family fought among themselves, and the empire was torn apart. A number of small dynasties emerged in Syria, Kerman, and Asia Minor. Suleymanshah, a Turkmen in Asia Minor, established the Sultanate of Rûm with the western city of Nicaea as its capital, and rode as far as the Bosphorus, with its troops marching straight to Europe.

In the autumn of 535 Rabiul (1141 AD), the imperial army was defeated by the combined forces of the Eastern Qarakhanid and the Karakhitan (Western Liao) in the Katwan steppe of northern Samarkand, and lost control of the Western Qarakhanid.

In 589 AH (1194 AD), the Khorezm Empire united with the Karakhitan to eliminate the Seljuk Empire and brought the Turkmen into its jurisdiction, making the Turkmen subjects of the Khwarazm Empire.

After the collapse of the Seljuk Empire, Turkmen tribes such as Kaya and Salur migrated to the north and west of Iran and the Asia Minor Peninsula, and established several small Turkmen kingdoms, including our kingdom of Galemang (now Karaman Province in Turkey).

In 615 AH (1219 AD), the Khorezm Empire was swept away and bloodbathed by the Mongol army. The once-majestic Empire State Building collapsed. The homeland of the eastern Turkmens, who were subjects of the empire, was devastatedly destroyed.

Fortunately, we are far away in Asia Minor, and we have not been ravaged by the Mongolian horse's hooves for the time being! ”

Hassan listened to his father's history. He was very unhappy with the status quo of the Turkmen who had established the powerful Seljuk Empire, and set an ambition to restore the Seljuk Empire and revitalize the Turkmen cause.

In 1256, Genghis Khan's grandson, Tolei's son, and Kublai Khan's younger brother Hulegu led a Mongol army to conquer Iran and Arabia, encountering the Turkmen kingdom of Galemang in the northern part of present-day Iran, Turkmenistan, and southeastern Turkey.

For a long time, the Galemang Kingdom was the strongest opponent of the Ottoman Kingdom of Turkmen. Their warriors held high the flag with a hexagonal pattern on the battlefield, fought bravely, were invincible, and were a brave team.

The Salur tribe, to which the Hassan family belongs, is an important group in the Garmang Kingdom. During the Tang Dynasty, they used to be nomadic herders in the Ili area of present-day Xinjiang. Later, in order to escape the war, they migrated to Central Asia, where the main body is in present-day Iran, which occupies a very important place in the history of the Seljuk Empire.

The leader of the Salur tribe was called Salur, and it is said that he was the grandson of Oghuz Khan and the eldest son of Tahei. Salul is the Iranian word for man who wields a sword and a hammer and spear everywhere.

Those who know the times are Junjie.

Faced with a formidable enemy that they were simply not capable of defeating, the Salur tribe debated whether to resist to the death or surrender for survival.

The brothers, Galemang and Ahmang, advocated that in order to avoid the catastrophe of bloody massacres and ethnic extermination, they should compromise and surrender to the Mongol army.

The 26-year-old Hassan has grown into a handsome and muscular fighter. He knew very well in his heart that the strength of the Salurians alone could not defeat the fierce Mongol army, so he very much agreed with the ideas of the Galemang brothers, and firmly sided with the Galemang brothers.

However, the majority of the Salur people advocated fighting to the end, and used all means to exclude Garemang and Ahmang.

When he saw that the Gareng brothers were hated and insulted by their own clan, Hassan was very angry, and he picked up his sword and was about to fight those people, but was stopped by the Galemang brothers.

The Galemang brothers decided to lead the Salulians, who agreed with their ideas, from the country they loved so much. So Hassan, his parents, his wife and children, and some of the Salurians packed their bags, took the handwritten Book of the famous calligrapher Ibn Banwab and the soil of their homeland, and helped the old and the young to walk towards the east where the sun was rising.

They walked to a place called Salkhiz (located in the Mare region of present-day Turkmenistan) and met the Mongol army, who immediately presented them with submission.

The Mongol army was very pleased with the annexation of Garemang. In order to prevent attacks by other Turkmen who advocated persistent resistance, they sent the Salur tribe of Garemang to Samarkand in the east to defend important cities for the Greater Mongol state.

Hassan's family followed the Galemang brothers to Samarkand. He discovers that Samarkand is no longer the fabled commercial metropolis. The bumpy streets, the low, dilapidated houses, and the submissive populace underscore the city's lifelessness.

In Samarkand, Galemang scrupulously abided by his duties, was friendly to the people, governed according to law, was very popular with the common people, and enjoyed high prestige in the local area, so he was hated and persecuted by the highest local governors.

One day, the supreme governor sent someone to steal a cow, and after slaughtering and eating the meat, he wrapped the head and hooves of the cow, which the Turkmen people considered valuable, in the cow skin, and secretly placed them on the roof of Gareman, deliberately creating the illusion that Galeman was stealing cattle.

The owner of the cow found out that his cow had been stolen and immediately ran to the supreme governor to report the crime.

The supreme governor pretended to proclaim: "As the mayor of Samarkand, I must punish the thieves severely and bring justice to the good and innocent people." ”

He ordered a general search throughout the city.

The searchers made a show on the street, just to show the common people, and then went straight to Garemang's house, and searched the cellar, in front of the house, behind the house, and on the roof with wide eyes, and soon found the bull's head and other stolen goods that had been placed there in advance.

The Supreme Governor was overjoyed at the sight of the stolen goods and immediately ordered the arrest of Gale Mang on charges of stealing livestock, and a public trial was held at a later date.

When Hassan heard that Gareng had been taken away by the supreme governor, he hurried to the government and shouted that he had been wronged and demanded his release.

The Supreme Commander walked to the platform, glared at Hassan viciously, and scolded him disdainfully: "The dogs and kittens of Samarkand dare not pass in front of my house. Are you impatient to live, you abominable Salul? Come, bind him up to me, and put him in prison. ”

During the interrogation of Gareman, the Supreme Governor specially summoned many ordinary people of Samarkand to watch.

He pointed at Gale Mang, wearing a ruby ring and a slender finger, and said impassionedly to the common people: "This is the noble person you respect on weekdays. Now this humble gentleman has committed the act of stealing! The evidence is conclusive, and the stolen goods are complete, so let's talk about it, what should we do with him? ”

The common people of Samarkand, who had long been oppressed, had long been accustomed to their servility, and under the obscenity of the supreme governor, they had no choice but to answer with a clear conscience: "We listen to the superiors." Dispose of it as you say. ”

A smug smile appeared on the corner of the Supreme Chief's mouth. He loudly declared: "In the upheaval of justice, truth, and justice, this officer has sentenced the cattle thief to death." It is performed this evening when the sun sets. ”

Jiren has its own natural appearance.

In the evening of the same day, the overseer of the Great Mongolian State came to Samarkand with the supreme governor of Bukhara and announced that the supreme governors of the two places would be transferred and executed immediately.

A chance chance saved Gareman's life.

Garemang's younger brother Ahe Mang was overjoyed. He hurriedly handed over a petition to the new supreme officer, demanding a thorough investigation of his brother's unjust case of cattle theft.

When the new governor first arrived, he also wanted to do one or two beautiful things to win the trust of the people. So, he immediately sent someone to retry the case, and quickly found out the facts.

Gale's reckless grievances were redressed, and his life was saved. Hassan was also released from prison. From then on, Gale recklessly regarded Hassan as his closest confidant and friend.

The new commander said to Gale Mang: "You have been stationed here for a long time, so it is better to change your guard to Hezhou in the east." My brother-in-law is stationed in River State. It is a vast area with Han land to the north and Tibet to the south, and some immigrants from the Sarta people are living there, and they need a large population. ”

Gale Mang asked, "My lord, how do we find Hezhou?" ”

The new chief said, "Didn't you take the soil and water of your hometown with you? Go all the way east, and where the soil and water are the same as those of your native land, there is the home of your Salur people. ”