Chapter 217: The Apollo Project (End)
Dubner's proposal was a hollow charge, arguing that only 10-15% of the original raw material would be needed to trigger a nuclear explosion of similar power, and he made a clear new point that fusion would be more powerful than fission!
Hoffman knows better than anyone what is behind this conclusion: the hollow charge is the evolution of the implosion atomic bomb, and the fusion effect is pushed back to the hydrogen bomb - a miniature atomic bomb that detonates and initiates fusion. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. biquge。 infoIf the atomic bomb yield in the 40s was tens of thousands of tons, then the hydrogen bomb was 300,000 tons when it came out.
It's definitely an epoch-making idea, but Dybner's pace is so fast that he wants to run before he can walk - it's easy to pull the egg! Therefore, on the one hand, Hoffman wants to let him make some achievements alone to show his value, and on the other hand, he wants to include the bomb faction led by Bot into this group, which can not only improve the theoretical level, but also make the research enthusiasm of Dibner and others burst out and lead others.
There was also a deep intention to involve Himmler in the project: the Apollo program had not only military value, but also political significance. After a change in policy towards the Jews and a complete cessation of the concentration camps, the SS needed a breakthrough, and they were now over-energized and had to find an attractive entry point - something would happen if they were idle. Managing a POW farm in Poland is a good project, the scope is very broad but not enough to satisfy the "high" wishes, and Hoffmann did not want Himmler to do such absurd things as the "axis of the earth" and "the search for the Holy Grail", let alone think about the "final solution", the Apollo program constituted a good entry point, and the computer project was an addition.
Himmler had hoped to get involved in the Penemünde rocket project, but when he heard that there was a more powerful and decisive project, he immediately diverted his attention - a devastating effect that appealed to him.
Hoffmann believed that under his control, the SS would be better able to take advantage of strong organizational discipline, and without Himmler's strong hand, how could 9,000 tons of uranium ore come from? How was the Auschwitz underground project built? -- There are many things that can only be done but not said.
Three days later, all the nuclear physicists made a choice of research directions, and most chose the bomb group, and only a very few, led by Heisenberg and Otto Hahn, chose the energy group. Of course, Heisenberg and Hahn had different motives, the former believing that it was unrealistic to build a nuclear bomb in the short term, and the latter believing that it was immoral to do so. Now that the Führer had spoken out in public, the temporary change would have led to suspicion of both sides of the flank, and the political pressures involved, so Hahn held his point of view, albeit with some trepidation.
When he reported the research direction to Marshal Milch, the latter did not blame or cast strange eyes, but only asked him to sign a confidentiality agreement: all scholars engaged in nuclear science research must strictly promise to maintain confidentiality, not to disclose any information to the outside world, any relevant academic results must be approved before they can be published, and they and their immediate family members must declare in advance if they go abroad within 20 years.
Hahn immediately signed it after a slight hesitation, and he did not dare to take any more risks: if he did not want to build a nuclear bomb, he could still push it to the moral concept, and he would not even sign a confidentiality agreement, wouldn't it show that he was unreliable and suspected of leaking information? He's a little bit high-minded, but not stupid enough to that extent.
After signing the letter, Hahn was relieved and asked to look at the list of the same group, and at a glance he found two unexpected things: first, he actually saw in the list Nils Bohr, a Danish scientist, a leading figure in quantum physics, and a teacher of Heisenberg in terms of academic status. Hahn knew that Bohr was an anti-violence and peace-minded scholar who was not interested in Germany and was completely opposed to bomb building, so how could he be on the list?
He hurried to find Heisenberg, only to find Bohr at Heisenberg's institute, watching with great interest the results of Heisenberg's work. Hahn anxiously asked, "What's going on?" ”
"It's complicated."
"I was 'invited' by you." Bohr was visibly upset and accentuated the word "please."
"The Reich Security Service received information that explosives had been found under the Copenhagen Institute of Theoretical Physics and under the Particle Cyclotron, and Dr. Werner Best (German Governor in Denmark) asked me to write to the teacher to come to Germany, and I didn't want him to be in trouble, so I brought him in......"
"Did they use force against you?" Hahn asked Bohr.
"Use force? No...... Dr. Best is a civilized man, he disdains to do such things, and explosives are real, but why do you think that Britain and the United States must have done it? Bohr exclaimed, "I think it's a huge conspiracy." ”
"The reason is simple, if the SS wants to kill you, one bullet is enough, and there is no need for such trouble." Heisenberg was worried, "It's good that the teacher is here, let's stay in Berlin with peace of mind, safety is guaranteed here." ”
"Safety? Hum! It's just a cage. ”
Hahn couldn't smile bitterly, but he didn't want to add fuel to the fire: "Don't think about it. Although the SS tactics had become a little more intense, the attitude towards the Jews had changed considerably in the last six months - though it was still far from satisfactory. As for the rest, we won't let you do what you don't want to do against your morals and wishes, you can take us to study nuclear energy, or continue to study your quantum mechanics. Marshal Milch told me that we will get 200 million marks of research funding, uranium raw materials or element 94 will be fully guaranteed, both low abundance and high abundance, and the heavy water reactor will continue to be managed by us, and the conditions are better than your laboratory, so the research will not be interrupted, and if you have any information in Copenhagen, just let people get it......"
"High abundance!" Bohr looked at the two in surprise, "Do they really want to?" ……”
"Shh Heisenberg lowered his voice, "Don't discuss this matter in the future, it has nothing to do with us." ”
"It just so happens that you are all ......" Just as the three of them were whispering, Karl Friedrich von Weizsäcker came outside.
"I was going to look for you." Hahn stood up excitedly, the second surprise of the day was that Weizsäcker, who had been working with him on plutonium and had a peaceful mind, was not on the list.
"That's right, I changed my mind and I joined the bomb group ......"
"How are you?" Heisenberg was astonished, he was in a hurry to help Bohr settle down, he didn't pay attention to the others, he never dreamed that Weizsäcker would change his mind, "They put pressure on you?" ”
"Nope." Weizsäcker shook his head, "I thought about it a lot when I got home, I was miserable, but finally made this decision. My family is a Prussian nobleman, and I can't be sorry for the von in the middle of the name. My father worked as state secretary in the Foreign Office (Ernst von Weizsäcker, who served as adjutant in the navy of Wilhelm II), one of my younger brothers died in Poland, and my youngest brother (Richard von Weizsäcker, if interested) is now serving in the army. The Führer was right, I couldn't let my brother's blood go in vain, and I couldn't put my father on the gallows because of the defeat in the war - I couldn't be sorry for them! ”
The three of them were silent, and after a long time, Heisenberg was the first to speak: "I respect your choice and wish you success." ”
"Thank you." Weizsäcker raised his head, tears gleaming in the corners of his eyes, "There are very few opportunities to meet in the future, if you, especially Mr. Bohr, have trouble in life or work, please tell me, I spoke to my father on the phone, he said he would help, he can still talk to the big guys." ”
"Thank you for your kindness, no matter what, we will still be friends."
In the evening of the same day, Hoffmann gave a mobilization speech to the bomb group of more than 70 scholars that had gathered, and Himmler, Speer, Goebbels, and others were all present.
"In the great cause of German revival, individual power is small, organizational power is strong, and the most powerful is the unity and struggle rooted in the heart...... Politically speaking, the party is the core force that leads everything...... Our party has a legitimate basis for ruling the country, and it was not by conspiracy, coup d'état or violent rebellion that came to power, but that the whole German people elected us with one vote after another; We restored the German economy, broke the yoke of the Treaty of Versailles, defeated Europe's old enemies, and restored the strength and glory of the empire with iron and blood...... This shows that the people's vision is not only accurate, but also far-sighted! ”
"Long live the Empire! Long live the Führer! ”
"It is under the strong leadership of the Party that there is a place for the individual, as you can see—Speer, formerly an obscure third-rate architect, is now the Minister of Imperial Armaments; Himmler, who had no party, was probably still a chicken farmer, and was now the national leader of the SS; Ribbentrop may still be a champagne monger, and it is impossible for him to be foreign minister; Goebbels, who had the title of doctor, could at best have only been able to obtain a mid-level position in the newspaper; And I am just a retired foreign corporal......" Hoffmann's speech was very engaging, "we have a very low starting point, we do not have a large and deep-rooted family resources behind us, and we are not a prominent authority figure, but we rely on our solidarity, enthusiasm, and unremitting struggle to create a miracle that has brought Germany to where it is today...... This shows that hard work is far more important and crucial than talent! ”
"Like me, most of you are from the bottom of the people, except for a few gentlemen, there is not even Feng in your name; You are not the top and most authoritative people in the academic field, and there are even people who are openly ridiculed by academic authorities...... But the gap between you and the academic authorities of the world is much smaller than the gap between us and the political elites! You stand at a higher starting point! I believe that by relying on extraordinary enthusiasm, unparalleled struggle, unswerving conviction, and strict organization and sincere unity under the leadership of the party, you will certainly be able to accomplish earth-shattering causes! ”
Everyone applauded!
"I have made up my mind that a nuclear bomb must be made, no matter what the cost! You have shouldered the ardent expectations of the German people and the great trust of the times for the strong rise of Germany, which will surely become an inexhaustible driving force for you to continue to advance and climb the peak forever, and you will definitely leave an indelible milestone on the great road of German rejuvenation! Future generations of Germany will be proud of you! Finally, please join me in singing the national anthem......"
"Germany, Germany, you above all else! higher than all things in the world......" (To be continued.) )