Chapter 19: The Tragic Weimar Republic
The Hohenzollerns of Germany have had a lot of good news lately, first with Bulgaria supporting the former Romanian royal family as King of East Prussia, and then the British backing Wilhelm II as King of the Rhine.
Both Wilhelm II and the late King Carol I of Romania belonged to the German family of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, and the other major branch of the Hohenzollern family, the Hexinggen, died as early as 1869.
The founding of the Kingdom of the Rhine and East Prussia was delayed due to the pandemic, and of course the Hohenzollerns were unsure of who to choose the throne.
The kings of Europe in this era all want to be faced, their heads can be broken and bleeding can be shed, but they can't lose face!
This is the current state of the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, as the loser Wilhelm II and Ferdinand I of Romania, both announced their refusal to receive the crown!
The same is true in history, Wilhelm II wanted to restore on the one hand, but on the other hand, he was unwilling to give up face, and finally missed the best time for restoration and brought Hitler to power.
Fortunately, Wilhelm II still has a son, Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen-Ferdinand is in trouble, his son is not worried, the famous "Carol II" in history is now infamous.
The name of "not loving the country and loving the beauty" surpassed the merry king Edward VIII, and even in the moments before the fall of Romania, the crown prince was busy talking about love.
Of course, it's just a matter of falling in love, and if it's from the beginning, maybe it can also make a romantic story, which is not unacceptable with the openness of Europe at that time.
For example, if you study His Majesty Ferdinand in the Habsburgs of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, people have broken the restrictions of the world and embraced both the beauty of the country and the country.
It's a pity that Carol II, a playboy, can't do it, because he loves too much, likes the new and hates the old, naturally there will be no supporters!
It is estimated that the people of East Prussia will not like such a king, and the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family can no longer afford to be tossed, and if there is another loser, the surplus that they have accumulated for hundreds of years in Germany will be squandered.
Then everyone began to be worried, and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen-Ferdinand did not want the throne to fall into the hands of another branch, and his son was not successful, so that he would become king of East Prussia, and perhaps be expelled in a few years.
Bulgaria only promised to put them on the throne, but did not promise to help them keep the throne, and once they lost the throne again, their line would never have a chance.
Not only that, but there were many people within the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family who were eyeing the East Prussian throne, and this was the place where the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family was based.
It has been in business for hundreds of years, and as long as he succeeds to the throne, he can quickly control the power with the support of the royalist faction, and the benefits in this are not small!
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen-Ferdinand asked, "Steward of Issa, what do you think I should do now?"
Little Carol is a little ignorant of things, and many people in the family have expressed interest in the throne of East Prussia, and my nephews have recently broken through my door! ”
Steward Elsa frowned, was this question he should have considered? Originally, the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family-Ferdinand had many cronies, but with the annexation of Romania to Bulgaria, these supporters saw no hope and left him one by one.
Of course, this is also a good thing for him, otherwise it would be a burden for the exiled Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family-Ferdinand.
"Your Majesty, maybe it would be better for you to be the king of East Prussia in person, little Carol is not successful, you can still wait for your grandson?" Isa suggested
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen-Ferdinand smiled wryly and said, "The bastards? Do you think there will be hope for them? I'm not a great lord and I don't have the power to put them in place! ”
With that, he surrendered his gaze in the direction of Romania, as if nostalgic for his old life. When he was the crown prince of Romania, he was so happy under his father's wing, but since he succeeded to the throne, all this has changed!
With the sudden death of his father, he was forced to get involved in a world war before he could sort out the country, and then he was defeated all the way and began a career in exile.
After a moment's hesitation, the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family-Ferdinand changed his mind again, and the foundation of the family could not be lost, and the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family had already suffered a heavy blow due to the world war.
This kind of heavy damage is not only that they lost their crowns, but also a lot of wealth and connections, which were also destroyed in the war, and it is impossible to recover without 180 years of operation.
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Who the king of East Prussia will succeed, Ferdinand, who is far away in Sofia, does not care, anyway, as long as it is the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family, even if it is a fool or an idiot to succeed to the throne, it is none of his business!
Anyway, as long as he completes the agreement and establishes his prestige in the European royal family, the prestige of Queen Victoria's European grandmother, Ferdinand is impossible to reproduce, and he has no daughter to marry!
But Ferdinand's prestige as a great European uncle of Edward VII was still possible, and in fact his prestige in the royal family was not far from Edward VII.
To establish prestige among the royal families of Europe, it is difficult to say that it is not difficult to say that it is not difficult, to put it simply, as long as you are the defender of royal power and have helped others keep the throne, it is enough to gain the respect of most people!
To put it bluntly, this is a combination of relatives and interests, but it is more complicated than ordinary kinship, but in essence it is still an alliance of interests, and the bloodline is just a bond.
If Bulgaria is not excluded by the mainstream European society, they must have a good reputation, but the reputation is a fictitious thing, and it is blown out directly, and there is no difference between it and the commercial blowing of later generations.
If it weren't for Ferdinand's hard work, it is estimated that Bulgaria's reputation would not be much better than that of a woolly bear, and it would have become the Ottoman Empire!
It's comfortable to do whatever you want, and you won't even lose a piece of meat, but don't mix it up diplomatically, you can refer to the bumpy European hegemony road of the woolly bear, and the Germans single-handedly fight the whole world!
The palace minister, Karl, took two invitations and went to Ferdinand and said: "Your Majesty, this is an invitation sent by the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family, a total of two letters for the coronation of the kings of East Prussia and the Kingdom of the Rhine, on June 28, 1920 and July 28, 1920 respectively!" ”
Ferdinand didn't even look at it, so he made a decision: "Let little Ferdinand be informed, let the team participate!" ”
European royal families are usually rare to see, except for weddings and funerals, only the enthronement ceremony everyone has the opportunity to get together, Ferdinand naturally wants to let little Ferdinand go out to see it, and by the way, you can also make some friends.
You fight to the death on the battlefield, in private, everyone is still relatives and friends, and there are still a few who really form mortal enemies!
The circle of the royal family is only so big, and basically all the major families have fought in history, if you want to hold a grudge, there is no need for the royal marriage to be carried out, all of them have been enemies!
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Time flew by, and in 1920, the three kingdoms agreed upon by the Entente were established one after another, namely the Kingdom of East Prussia, the Kingdom of the Rhine, and the Kingdom of Poland.
If we add the already existing Kingdom of Bavaria, Saxony, Württemberg, and Prussia, there are seven kingdoms, 6 Grand Duchies, 5 Duchies, 7 pro-kingdoms, and 3 free Hanseatic cities (Hamburg, Bremen, Lübeck), of which the Kingdom of Prussia has become a central and direct republic, and the rest of the regions are still a combination of kings, nobles, and parliaments.
The Weimar Republic was established under these extremely bad political conditions, and it was a territory under which the central government could directly rule, accounting for less than 40 percent of the country's territory!
Due to Ferdinand's butterfly effect, the Allies gave up the liquidation of the nobility, and in order to divide Germany, the French decisively intervened to help these states stabilize the situation.
And then it created the current special situation of the coexistence of 28 states, if it is only the coexistence of many countries, it is not impossible to solve it, the problem is that the Germans now lack an emperor who can coordinate the overall situation?
President: What the hell is that? Can it be bigger than the king? The people of the major states don't have any feelings for the president of this empire, and they can't control them anyway!
What is even more tragic is that the rights of these kingdoms and principalities have increased dramatically again, for example, they have the right to form armies independently, they have the right to conclude treaties with foreign countries, and they are also financially independent......
It can be said that the French did quite a good job this time, and as long as the situation is stable, after a few decades, Germany will once again be a mess!
Don't expect the British to come to the Germans again, they just need Germany to counterbalance the expansion of the French, not a strong Germany!
Divided Germany, the national strength is still strong, at least they can contain the French, they usually make their own trouble, once the enemy invades them, they are still a whole, this is exactly the scene that London and Sofia want to appear the most.
A new page was opened in history, but the Weimar Republic came, and after the end of the world war, German Chancellor Max von Baden handed over power to the chairman of the SPD, Friedrich Ebert.
However, Baden's actions did not meet the needs of interest groups. Thus, the next day a revolutionary government called the Assembly of People's Representatives was formed, consisting of three representatives of the SPD and three representatives of the Independent Social Democrats, led by Albert and Hugo Haas.
Although the new government was recognized by the workers' and soldiers' council in Berlin, it was opposed by the Spartacist League led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht.
In the National Assembly, which Albert convened for Parliament on 16 and 18 December, his SPD won the majority of seats. As a result, Albert was able to immediately convene a National Assembly with a view to drafting a constitution and establishing a sound parliamentary system, and his support for the establishment of a socialist republic weakened.
From November 1917 to March 1918, Germany was effectively ruled by the parliament of people's representatives. During these six months, the new government was surprisingly positive, issuing a large number of decrees.
Its activities are mostly limited to a few areas, including the eight-hour working day, domestic labour reform, agricultural labour reform, civil service union rights, local social welfare (at national and state levels), national health insurance, the return of demobilized workers to work, the fight against forced demobilization and the appeal system, the regulation of salary agreements, and the introduction of universal suffrage for all classes of persons over 20 years of age at the local and national levels.
Well, these unrealistic decrees, just take a look, in fact, in Germany, which is facing economic collapse after the war, does not have any possibility of implementing these conditions!
In order to keep his fledgling government in control, Albert made an agreement with the Supreme Army Command, formerly led by Erich Ludendorff and now led by Wilhelm Greiner.
The Albert-Greiner agreement stipulates that the government will not attempt to reform the army as long as it promises to protect it. On the one hand, the agreement symbolizes the army's formal recognition of the new government, reassuring the middle class; However, the government of the left is considered to have betrayed the rights of the workers.
A very strange scene occurred, the revolution of the Germans actually allowed the army to seize power again, and the parliament and political parties became the thugs of the military.
Of course, the fly in the ointment is that the army's control over the local states has declined, such as the South German region, which was initially controlled by the Bulgarian army, and after the withdrawal, the defense was directly handed over to the southern states.
And according to the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, the German army was also cut off, for example, the Kingdom of Bavaria had the right to form an army of 10,000, and people naturally would not let the German military interfere.
The current situation was that the major states controlled half of the country's army, and the central government controlled the other half, and the balance of power between the two sides was established under the manipulation of the Entente.
The German economy was devastated by the war losses and reparations, and the SPD, with no experience in government, often introduced policies that seemed wonderful but were in fact impossible to achieve.
Under the threat of extremists from both the left and the right, the republic was in danger as soon as it was opened: the left accused the SPD of betraying workers' interests by blocking the communist revolution; The right, on the other hand, opposes democracy and insists on returning Germany to its former monarchy.
Moreover, the right, especially the military forces, in order to undermine the republic, claimed that it had betrayed Germany and caused the country to lose the First World War.
This is just the beginning, social security in Germany is deteriorating dramatically, both the state and the central government, they are plagued by the deteriorating economy, but they are powerless to solve it!
The Weimar Republic, which had embarked on history, advocated the idea of reunifying Germany, which was resisted by the major states, and the New Economic Policy was resisted by domestic interest groups, and their tragic road was being staged.
However, now the eyes of the whole world are focused on the Americans, and Britain, France, and Bulgaria have no intention of participating in Germany's internal affairs, otherwise the situation in Germany will be even more chaotic now!
Looking at the collected German intelligence, Ferdinand's face was very ugly, the chaotic situation in Germany was indeed a good thing for Bulgaria, which was convenient for recruiting talents.
At the same time, in the chaos there is a new life, and the situation of not breaking and not standing is applicable all over the world, and once the German people are tired of this kind of infighting, then reunification will become inevitable, and where will the world situation go, Ferdinand is also confused!
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