Pinhao smiled and said, "Okay, what is the one you say about judging the victory or defeat of the war?"

"Well, let them go and get the border map first, and look at the map to say it's better. I also remember a little clearly, Du Wenhao said.

"Good!" Gao Yiyi got up and walked to the pavilion, called Gonggong Jiao in, and asked him to go to Sanya to bring the map of the border operations between Song Liao and Song Xia.

Du Wenhao said: "Before the map comes, I will continue the topic just now, in fact, I agree with Sima Guang's criteria for judging the victory or defeat of the war, that is, judging whether the war is won." The most important thing is to see if the purpose of this campaign is achieved. It should not be limited to the gains and losses of one city and one place, or the simple comparison of casualties between the two sides. Of course. The purposes of war are varied. For example, opening up territory, regaining lost territory, punishing the other party, destroying the opponent's living forces, encircling Wei to save Zhao, resisting aggression, and so on

Du Wenhao stretched out his chopsticks and took a clip of vegetables, put them in his mouth and chewed them. He continued: "There must be a reference to the victory or defeat of a war, just like movement, you sit on a boat in a small river, and you are in motion with the scenery by the river. Yes with the ship, you are stationary. The same is true for judging the outcome of a war, if a country is waging a war with the purpose of resisting aggression, and in the end it drives the enemy out of its borders, even if the casualties are greater than the enemy's, and it does not occupy an inch of the enemy's land, it should be said that it has won the most typical victory than the War of Resistance against Japan. If it is to expand the territory, even if the casualties are greater than the enemy's, the only way to continue to occupy the enemy's territory is to continue to occupy it. It's also a win

Gao Taohan said: "That killing witches, how many enemies themselves have casualties, does it have no impact on the decision of victory or defeat?"

"Of course it does!" Du Wenhao said. "In a punitive war, you have to punish the other side, and if the casualties are worse than the other side, how can you say that you have won? Of course. Kill 10,000 enemies. If you lose 3,000 yourself, there will be casualties in a war, that's for sure, so in a punitive war, judging whether or not to win, in addition to not being able to significantly surpass the enemy's own casualties, it should also include causing great damage to the opponent's city, economy, and people's psychology. If you kill the enemy hundreds of miles deep. Conquer several cities, destroy the economy of the occupied area, and finally withdraw on your own initiative, even if the casualties are equal to the opponent's, it can be said that you have won, because the opponent's losses are much greater than your own, which can be regarded as punishing the opponent and achieving the goal of the war. Punitive attacks are often accompanied by other political agendas. For example, the siege of Wei to save Zhao, a typical example, such as a self-defense counterattack against Vietnam. In addition, the comparison of casualties between the two sides can affect the degree of victory. Although the purpose of the war was achieved. But there are heavy casualties, and after the other party, even if it is judged to be a victory, it can only be regarded as a miserable victory

Writing this, Lao Mu wants to talk about the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. This is the most frequently debated topic on sites like Iron Blood. In order to discuss whether China won the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, we must first put aside the influence of nationalist factors and objectively evaluate them with objective criteria. in order to get more objective results.

According to Baidu Encyclopedia "Korean War. The data provided by the entry, including the number of killed, wounded, missing, and captured in battle, the total loss of the Chinese People's Volunteers is more than 10,000, and the total loss of the US army is more than 10,000. From the perspective of confrontation between China and the United States, China's casualties are about twice as high as those of the United States.

Since the war is a joint confrontation with China, North Korea and the Soviet Union. The number of war losses on the Chinese, North Korean and Soviet side was more than 60,000 people, and the joint ** side was more than 10,000 people. Judging by this number, the two sides are relatively close.

From the point of view of the purpose of the war, the joint ** with the US military as the main force is to capture the whole of North Korea and advance the sphere of influence to the Yalu River on the border between China and North Korea. Therefore, it belongs to the purpose of the war of attacking cities and grabbing land.

In the early stages of the war. At least two-thirds of this goal has been achieved, as it has already captured two-thirds of North Korea's territory and is close to the border between China and North Korea. Afterward. It was driven back to the 38th parallel by the Soviet troops of China and North Korea. So, from the point of view of siege and land grabbing. He didn't win.

The strategic purpose of sending troops from China was to prevent the American army from burning the war to its doorstep and to drive the enemy forces as far as possible to the south. At least rush back to the 38th parallel. Therefore, the purpose of the war on this side is to regain the lost territory. In the end, it was also done, driving the United Army-based joint ** back to the 38th parallel. From the point of view of the purpose of this war, for China, it is the B that has won

Many military fans pessimistically say that China actually lost the Korean War, because the war began at the 38th parallel and ended up back at the 38th parallel, and neither side took advantage of the turf, and the number of Chinese casualties was two to three times that of the US army. So it should be said that China lost.

This view fails to note that when China entered the war, the war was long gone from the 38th parallel. At that time, the U.S. military had already captured two-thirds of North Korea's territory and was approaching the border between China and North Korea. After China entered the war, it recovered two-thirds of the territory lost by North Korea and drove the joint ** of the US military back to the south of the 38th parallel.

Judging from the battle damage, because both sides of the war are coalition forces. The battle was fought by the coalition forces of both sides. It is impossible for the Chinese People's Volunteers to fight only with the US military, and in the joint ** group, although the US military losses are much less than those of China, the South Korean ** team has suffered heavy losses, most of which were eliminated by the ** squadron. The battle losses of the two sides are also relatively close. China has not suffered significantly. In particular, achieving such a result in the case of an absolute disadvantage in military equipment is already a proud victory.

Therefore, we can confidently say that we have won the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea! This victory is not a fight

After Gao Taohan heard Du Wenhao talk about the criteria for judging the victory or defeat of the war, he had a better understanding of the complexity of the war, raised his glass and drank a glass of wine with Du Wenhao, and then said: "You said earlier that our Great Song Dynasty has far more troops than the Liao State and Western Xia. It is equivalent to the sum of their troops, but in the battle with the Liao State and the Western Xia, we have more defeats and fewer victories, but I have heard from the government and the opposition before that we defeated the Western Xia and also defeated the Liao State, although we occasionally suffered defeats, we won most battles. Why is it different from what you say, what the hell is going on?.

Du Wenhao said: "The reason is very simple. One good news is not bad. You really have to sit in the database of battle reports in Sanya and read them for a few days. You will know whether we have more wins or fewer defeats, or more defeats and fewer victories

"You must have seen it, didn't you?"

"Well, you asked me to be the commander of the three yadu. I took the time to conduct some research on the various battle reports, losses, and battle information of the battles between Sanyali and the Great Liao and Western Xia, with the aim of knowing myself and the enemy. As a result, the record of our Great Song Army disappointed me greatly, and it was not as big a victory as those in the DPRK and China preached. Therefore, to know the truth, we can only find it from the huge and complex information ourselves, not hearsay. ”

"Well, then you tell me, I also want to know the real strength of our Great Song."

"That's what I mean, you can't underestimate yourself, and of course you can't overestimate yourself, the latter is more dangerous and terrifying than the former

Gao Taohuo nodded and said, "That's right, wait for the map to be delivered, let's say it according to the map." Now drink and eat! ”

The two listened to the sound of rain outside the pavilion while drinking and talking. After a while, Jiao Gonggong came back with two volumes of maps, namely the Song-Liao border map and the Song-Xia border map. Du Wenhao took it. Spread out the Song-Liao border map on the ground and press the four corners with a bowl. Let Gonggong Jiao break a willow branch from the willow tree outside the pavilion and remove the branches and leaves as a whip.

Du Wenhao said: "The Song-Liao War lasted for a total of 25 years, and there were hundreds of large and small battles

Du Wenhao's wicker whip pointed on the map: "This battle was initiated by our Great Song Dynasty, and the overall purpose of the battle was to recapture the sixteen states of Yanyun, and first seize Youzhou and present-day Beijing. But the attack could not be forced. The Liao State sent 100,000 elite cavalry to attack and rush to the rescue. Fought with the Song army on the banks of the Gaoliang River outside Youzhou City. The Song army was defeated and defeated. The Great Liao army pursued and killed all the way. The Great Song army was crushed for thousands of miles, with more than 10,000 dead and wounded, and our Emperor Taizong's horse couldn't run. He fled back to the territory of the Great Song Dynasty on a donkey. All the territories captured in the early stage were all recaptured by the Liao State. The purpose of the Great Song War was not achieved, so this one was lost.

Gao Yi said: "In this battle, we went deep into the hinterland of the enemy army alone, which is indeed too risky

"Probably not. The battle of Yongle City was also because of deep abdominal pain and building a city in a dangerous place, and the result was a big defeat

"Really? Let's move on to the Battle of Song Liao first. ”

"Well, the second battle is the Battle of the City. This is a defensive battle for us in the Great Song Dynasty. The strategic purpose is to defend against enemy attacks. The Liao State wants to take revenge on our Great Song Dynasty for attacking Youzhou. The Liao army of tens of thousands attacked the Great Song border, and the two sides met in Mancheng, Hebei, and the Song army's tactics were properly arranged. Use a roundabout outflanking pocket array to defeat the Liao army. More than 10,000 Liao soldiers were killed and 1,000 horses were captured. The Liao army was defeated and retreated into Liao. Although the Song army that was put into battle in this battle was composed of several different armies. But thanks to the fact that there was one, a unified military commander, the tactics were correctly arranged, the victory was achieved.

Gao Taohan said happily: "I heard when I was a child that Emperor Taizong fought very well. ”

"yes. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Song army was a brave division in the Southern Fierce War, and its combat effectiveness was indeed very strong. At least not inferior to Da Liao. ”

"Well, what about the battle in the back?.

Du Wenhao pointed with a wicker and said: "The battle of Yanmen Pass in the back is a big victory for our Great Song Dynasty. After the failure of the Liao army to capture the city. In the spring of the second year, a large army was sent to attack Yanmen. was attacked by the general Yang Ye, that is, Yang Liulang's father, and Pan Mei, and defeated the Liao army in Yanmen. This was the first battle of Yanmen

Gao Yi said: "Although this battle is won, there is not much excitement. ”

"Wonderful in the second battle!" Du Wenhao's eyebrows flew and said, "In the second year, the Liao army of 100,000 people stormed Yanmen, and Yang Ye, the general of the Yanmen garrison, only had a few thousand. asked Pan Mei for help, but Pan Mei did not move. Yang Ye can't. had no choice but to surprise the troops, led thousands of death squads to copy behind the Liao army, and suddenly attacked. The Liao army did not know the details, and it was suddenly in chaos. Yang Ye has a clear goal, and the thief captures the king first. Concentrate on rushing to the Shuai Banner to kill, and really kill the commander of the Liao army. There are no dragons, and the Liao army is in chaos. The defenders of Yanmen took advantage of the situation to fight, and the Liao army was defeated and fled back to the territory of Daliao. In this battle, Yang Ye won more with less. Thousands of people repelled 100,000 Liao troops, which can be called a model example of winning more with less! ”

Gao Taohan applauded and smiled: "It's so good, it's good!" Come! Cheers! ”

The two drank a cup, Gao Hantao looked at Du Wenhao and laughed in a low voice: "Yang Ye is better than the Liao army of 100,000, better than you!" Hee-hee

Du Wenhao sneered: "What am I, the Tubo army is not as powerful as the Great Liao army." Moreover, I can beat them. It was a trick to steal and trick

Gao Di joked with Sun Er, and when he saw that he claimed to be inferior, he comforted him and pulled him to play. First, he said: "Soldiers are not tired of cheating, and stealing and playing tricks is called strategy." Yang Ye is just repelling the Liao army, you are the army of the western mountains of Tubo, you are more powerful than him. ”

"Hehe, I don't dare to compare with the Yang family, the victory in Yanmen is one of the few big victories in our Great Song Dynasty, and it will not be so satisfactory later. Next came the Battle of Waqiao Pass. The Liao army gathered forces and prepared to attack the Song in a big south, and Emperor Taizong learned of it. Led the Beijing division to reinforce and prepared to meet the Liao army at Waqiao Pass. Unexpectedly, the Liao army marched into God and rushed to the front to surround the important town of Waqiaoguan. Nearby Song troops reinforced and repulsed. After waiting for the reinforcements of the Beijing division to arrive for a long time, the Liao army crossed the river and attacked, the Song army was defeated and retreated, and the Liao army was killed until Mozhou, and then the troops were collected and returned. In this battle, the Song army suffered heavy casualties. From the perspective of defensive warfare, it could only be a defeat if it failed to resist the invasion of the enemy army, and it was a defeat if it lost troops in the retreat

Gao Jiujiu sighed: "Alas, if Emperor Taizong's army arrives in time, he should not be defeated." ”

"The Jingshi army is already the fastest day and night. Unfortunately, we have too few horses. Without horses, you can't maneuver fast. In the battle against the Great Liao Army, we have suffered too much in this regard. In the battle of the Gaoliang River, the elite cavalry of the enemy army galloped to help, which was the main reason for our defeat. The same is true for the later battle of Jigou Pass. The reason why the Western Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty were able to gain the upper hand in the battle against the Xiongnu was that they had an elite ironclad cavalry! The Western Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu fought a battle, and 300,000 war horses could be mobilized into battle at one time, which is simply unimaginable for us

"Well, I have heard the first emperor talk about this issue many times, and they all lamented that we lack horses, and there is too little land in the Great Song Dynasty that can raise horses.

Most of the horses were bought from the Great Liao and Western Xia. Not only do they inflate prices, but they also limit quantities. As soon as the relations between the two sides are tense, even if it is not to the point of war, the sale of horses to us will be immediately prohibited. It's infuriating. After all the ways have been exhausted, there is still a shortage of horses. Do you have any good ideas?

The Great Song Dynasty lacked horses, which Du Wenhao felt when he crossed over, and he was in the county seat at that time. To go to the clinic for treatment, you can only take an ox cart or ride a donkey. There are only a few horses in the yamen.

Du Wenhao also frowned and thought for a while, but he couldn't think of any good way to increase the number of horses. Shaking his head with a wry smile, he said, "I can't think of any good way for the time being." I'll wait until I get back and think about it. ”

"Well, okay!"

Du Wenhao said again: "After that, the Liao army organized several southern invasions, but they were all repelled by us. The casualties on both sides were not large, the scale of the battle was not large, and the victory or defeat was negligible. Later, the emperor of Liao died of illness, and the Liao was busy using troops against Goryeo and Jurchen, and had no time to look south, so the two sides truce for several years. Later, the little emperor of Liao succeeded to the throne, and Emperor Taizong decided to take the opportunity to organize the second Northern Expedition, which was unexpected. But he ate one and lost the battle. ”

Gao Diyi's face was a little unsightly: "We're defeated again?" ”

"Yes, this Northern Expedition can be called the Battle of Qigou Pass. The scale of the battle was large, with both sides employing more than 100,000 troops, and the entire campaign lasted several months. At the beginning of the war, our Song army was divided into three routes, and the east road feint to attack Youzhou. The middle and west roads attacked the states behind the mountains, and then joined Youzhou. At the beginning of the war. Because the main force had not yet arrived, the Liao army made full use of the mobile advantage of the cavalry and took advantage of the open terrain of the plains to attack and harass our army, and successfully destroyed the strategic intention of our army to encircle Youzhou. Subsequently, the main force of the Liao army arrived and defeated the advancing Eastern Song Route Army at Qigou Pass. The Liao army pursued and killed across the river and annihilated our Great Song army as many as tens of thousands! The Liao army took advantage of the victory to counterattack in an all-round way, and after the other two armies of our Great Song Dynasty engaged with it, they were defeated respectively, and the general Yang Ye was killed. All the captured lands were lost. My Great Song Dynasty was greatly injured in this battle, and since then I have been unable to organize the Northern Expedition. ”

Gao Dihuo counted his fingers and said with a wry smile: "There are a total of six major battles in front, and we only won three, alas, with the division of a hundred battles against Da Liao, only a draw, which is also bad."

Du Wenhao smiled bitterly: "Saying that a tie is considered a gold on our faces, among the six battles, the two battles of Yanmen should be counted as one." Because the Second Battle of Yanmen was only an individual battle. It is not a battle, although the opponent's commander was killed, but the enemy army was not killed or wounded too much, and the enemy army was more likely to retreat on his own initiative without knowing the situation, rather than being defeated. Especially in our last battle, the Battle of Qigou Pass, we lost a lot of money, with a total loss of tens of thousands of soldiers, and the total number of losses in the previous battles! The result of this defeat is much greater than that of the previous battle, and the time is very long, and it can be converted into at least two defeats in terms of scale. Therefore, in the previous stage, objectively speaking, the ratio of victory and defeat in our Great Song War was at most 30% won by 10% and lost by 70%. It's more defeats than wins. ”

Gao Yihuo sighed faintly: "These defeats are really depressing to hear. Come! Let's not talk about it yet, let's drink."

The two drank a few glasses of wine, and snuggled up and listened to the rain for a while, Gao Jiuyi was in a better mood, in the end, he was still concerned about the war with Liao, although he was depressed, but he still wanted to know what was going on. Then he said: "You better go on, how can we lose more and win less later?"

Du Wenhao said: "Okay, the defeat in the back sounds even more depressing, so I'll just keep it simple."