Many of Chihu's book friends are very talented, and Mr. Shaoyan is one of them, and I am now compiling Mr. Shaoyan's book reviews to pay tribute. Thank you, Mr. Shaoyan, and thank you to all the friends who have been supporting Red Tiger.

□ Some readers mentioned "Troy", compared with Qin and Han. "Troy" took place in the 12th century B.C., a century and a half before the defeat of King Wu, and there is no comparison. Shaoyan

□ As for criticizing the author for glorifying Europe (especially the Middle Ages), I think the author is more correct. Yes, there was a period of persecution of pagans and witches in the Middle Ages in Europe. In fact, most of the persecution of witches has been linked to six plague pandemics in Europe. The bubonic plague killed nearly 100 million people in Europe and had a great impact on Europeans' imagination of hell. It also shook Christianity somewhat. The persecution of witches is a reaction in this situation. It is not a characteristic of monotheism. The Church is much more tolerant of the infidels. Including Judaism. As for the current problem of ****** religion, it is also a reaction when it is going downhill. Shaoyan

□ [Essence] But the European system was based on feudal feudalism. The partition was based on the German clan system after the collapse of Rome. Under the sub-feudal system, property rights are fairly clear. The author's criticism of China's unclear property rights has a lot to do with China's unification. Personally, I think that after the unification of Qin, it will probably be China's last chance to divide the feud. However, Li Si, who opposed the separation, won, and Fusu, who was in favor of the separation, failed, and there was probably no such possibility later. I doubt that the displaced people will be able to establish a city-state. Shaoyan

□ It is interesting to note that the great centralized state, which should have been extremely powerful, behaved like a hollow balloon at all times. Since the unification of Qin, China has had two more things: peasant rebellions and foreign invasions (including the Japanese invaders) can run rampant for thousands of miles without hindrance. This is rare in any feudal country. Ming died in the Qing Dynasty, Gu Yanwu and others were greatly stimulated and made a lot of reflection. One of the points is that feudalism in counties and counties points out the problem (see Gu Zhi's "Theory of Counties and Counties"). The author's idea of a city-state is nothing more than an increase in the motivation and training of the people to defend their homes and defend the country in the face of the coming storm. In the final analysis, the separation of the army from the homeland under the great unified country, the motivation to protect the family is quite weak, and the desire to plunder and get rich and save life is quite strong, so it is vulnerable. Shaoyan

□ Gu Yanwu's "Theory of Counties and Counties" in the idea of educating feudalism in counties and counties: "The husband makes the county order to obtain a hundred miles of private land, and the people of the county are all their sons' surnames; The land of the county is all its fields; The castle of the county. All of them are their walls; The warehouses of the county are all in a hurry. If you have a surname, you must love it and not hurt it; If it is a field plague, it must be cured and not abandoned; If the wall is tight, it must be wrapped up and not damaged. In other words, it is private; Since the words of the Son of Heaven, what he seeks is to rule the world. That's it. Once there is a change, it will not be as good as Liu Wei, Shi Le, Wang Xianzhi, and Huang Chao's crossbow, traveling thousands of miles, such as entering the realm of no one. Shaoyan

□ (continued) Therefore, it is effective to keep the obedience not to die, so there is a refusal to obey the relationship, not for the sake of the Son of Heaven, but for his own selfishness; For his own selfishness, he is also the Son of Heaven. Therefore, the private of the world is also the public of the Son of Heaven. The public says that the believer is at his mercy. The rule of these three generations can be a few times, and the prosperity of the Han and Tang dynasties is not difficult. ”。 The eunuchs in the works are in power and ask for bribes, the county guards are perfunctory in border defense, and the officials kill people and take advantage of their merits. The important reason for this is that wealth is completely taken from the top, and it is completely out of touch with the actual interests of the localities. Take Liu Yu as an example, as long as he has been an official for a few years, there will be no chaos, even if the sky collapses and the earth cracks after promotion. So once something happens, it's a thing of falling apart. This is also what Gu wants to make up for with feudalism. Shaoyan

□ [Essence] In another place I mentioned that ancient archers required a long period of training, and that it was not just a weak people whose courage could become elite soldiers. My estimation is that a good archer should be able to pull 20 springs (5 is probably a good average of 5 in modern times). In this book, the author places a strong emphasis on training, which is rare in other YYs. In addition, the author builds castles for defense and develops cavalry for reinforcements. This is probably the only positive way to deal with the mobility of the nomads. After the unification of China, there were too few castles that could be used as defensive strongholds (the emperor was afraid of rebellion), which was probably an important reason for the success of Wuhu Chaohua. Shaoyan

□ [Essence] The main point of the nomadic rampant in the interior is that they can coerce enough Han Chinese to control a large enough area. With people and territory, there will be food and horses, weapons, and cannon fodder for siege, and the bigger and bigger it will be. And the Hermes-Epitek, who had no way to live, had no choice but to take risks and start a rebellion. Therefore, European feudal society faced foreign invasion for centuries, and a large number of castles were built. It is said that there were 10,000 castles in Germany at the height of their castles. Although there is no castle that cannot be attacked, if the castle cannot be defeated, it will not be able to really control the common people, and there will be no stable logistics. The great unification of China did not like that there were so many castles in the place, and after the unification of Qin, it began to destroy the famous city. The safety of the people is completely in the hands of the "national defense forces," and this is China's characteristic. Shaoyan

□ [Essence] The work is about to write about the Yellow Turban Rebellion. The Chinese rebellion is so easy to succeed, and one trick is to destroy the economy of a region and involve more and more young people. Government forces (even if they are not corrupt) have a hard time actually suppressing the rebels due to logistics. And then the more messy it gets, the mess gets worse and worse, and it becomes a vicious circle. From Chen Sheng to Zhang Jiao, the leaders of the rebellion were not great talents, but they finally overthrew the regime. Regarding the Three Kingdoms, there are very few people who have such a clear understanding of the Great Chaos. There is no one who desperately engages in production, builds castles, builds weapons, and trains soldiers before the chaos. Shaoyan

□ Is it an overestimation of business, and is it a bit unintentional to regard Japan as an enemy? I have some doubts. The end of the Eastern Han Dynasty was the period of the Yamatai Kingdom in Japan. It was only after the third century that it was conquered by the Yamato Kingdom (most likely from Korea). To be honest, the rise of the nomadic tribes in the north and the rise of Japan had a lot to do with the constant exodus of the losers from the Central Plains. Historical records say that the Xiongnu were after the Xia Hou clan (after Xia Yu), but this fact is only reflected. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Han Wangxin fled to the Xiongnu. Later, Li Ling was captured and reused, and Li Guangli's escape reflected this process. The northern nomads have indeed made considerable efforts to learn advanced cultural technology from the Han people. Shaoyan

□ [Essence] The twenty-meter-high wall is quite high. I wonder how many walls the city in the author's mind has? Personally, I think that castles in Western Europe have multiple walls (quite close to each other, about 20 meters, with low outer walls and high inner walls) that are good for defense. There don't seem to be many defensive walls in Chinatown, or the distance between the inner and outer walls is too far. The advantage of multiple defensive walls is that even if the besiegers ascend (enter) the outer walled city, they will not be able to deploy their forces under the fire of several sides. The siege tower is outside the outer wall, and its effect on the inner wall is not as great as that of the outer wall. If there is only one wall, no matter how tall and strong it is, there will be no danger to defend the city after the city is broken. The opponent can concentrate forces to widen the gap. Shaoyan

□ A friend said, "Thank you to the author for writing a good article so that I can enjoy it when I am bored." I would like to make some comments to the author, there are too many deserts in China, if the author can have a desert control project in the article, so that there will be no more deserts on the land of China, then the Central Plains will not let the wind and sand rage, and the Loess Plateau will not be as short of water as it is now. ”。 At that time, the natural environment was much better than it is now. There is no need to control the desertification. In fact, there were still large forests in the northwest in the early Qing Dynasty. Shaoyan

□ I am Brother Yun, and it seems not entirely correct to say that "in ancient times, the siege of the city was to climb the city wall with stairs...". Siege towers may work better. I am currently collecting information on castles and fortress cities, and unfortunately there is not much information on China, although they are available on all continents. If you have a smart person, please advise. From the pictures I found, it seems that there are more cities in China than in forts. Chinatown is probably much larger than the castles of Western Europe. The arrow towers are mostly square. There are not many arrow towers or towers on the walls, and there is no hoarding on the walls (similar to shielded balconies, but with holes in the floor, so that archers can shoot enemies at the base of the walls). In addition, the gates of Chinatown are relatively simple, and there are no multiple drawbridges and exits for counterattacks. There are also almost no designs such as multiple walls and inner forts. Shaoyan

□ [Essence] In the environment set by the author, the city (fort) is a weapon of defense. The siege of the city had to rely on infantry, and the power of cavalry here was greatly reduced. The Jin and Mongol raids on the Song Dynasty and the Mongol raids on Central Asia and Europe all borrowed Han techniques and craftsmen. So the Mongols slaughtered the city, but pardoned the craftsmen! When the wall exceeds a certain height, the ladder does not work well. There are towers on the walls of castles in Europe and the Middle East, protruding from the outside of the wall, and it is possible to shoot climbers from the side, and the towers are not far away (tens of meters), and it is not easy to use ladders to attack climbers on three sides. The siege tower and the city wall are the same height or higher, there is protection on three sides, there are archers, and you can also lower the front door like a landing ship and put it on the city wall, so that the soldiers can enter the city, which is more difficult to defend. Shaoyan

□ [Essence] The English longbow was once the most powerful weapon in Europe before the invention of the musket. Compared to a crossbow, the biggest advantage is that the rate of fire is fast. The crossbow can be fired once a minute, the English longbow can be fired 5-6 times a minute, and some sources say that it can be up to 10-15 arrows per minute. With a range of 200 meters, it is powerful enough to penetrate most armor. But the problem was that the English longbowmen were too difficult to train (they began to be trained at the age of 7 and were selected at various levels). So sometimes it's not about the power of the weapon, it's about how easy it is to use. Until the beginning of the 19th century, muskets were not as powerful as the English longbow or the Mongolian bow, but they required much less physical strength. Shaoyan

□ The Han people's personal combat effectiveness is not as good as that of the nomads, and the life of the Han people is relatively superior, which has a lot to do with it. You can imagine that you are an 11th-century English earl and you live in the inner fort of a castle. The inner fort is a three- or four-story cylindrical building with a height of 20 meters and a diameter of 15 meters, and a wall thickness of 5 meters. So the inside of the first floor is only 20 square meters. The windows are only 10 centimeters wide and are lit all day long. The doors and stairs are just enough for people to pass through, and then you have to wear dozens of pounds of armor (more than 100 pounds by the 16th century) and 20 to 40 pounds of helmet every day. If you compare the life of the upper class of the Han and Tang dynasties in China, you will know why it is not easy for China to win battles except for the founders. Shaoyan

□ A Mongol cavalry has 5 horses, and one square kilometer of grassland can raise 10 horses. Therefore, the Mongols had supply problems in West Asia and Hungary, and finally had to return to the steppe. As for China, it is unlikely that it would have conquered the south without the logistical support of the former Jin territories in the north. So while cavalry versus cavalry is a good idea, it can't be done in the author's setting. The number of cavalry of the protagonists of the author's book is definitely limited. Shaoyan

□ The results of modern research are extremely abundant. The European Middle Ages were not as dark as they used to be. In fact, the beginning of the revival of Europe was a long process that began in the 12th century. Similarly, modern Japanese studies do not oppose Tokugawa and Meiji, but acknowledge that the Tokugawa period laid the foundation for Meiji. Shaoyan

□ [Essence] Some of the traditional statements in the mainland are actually inaccurate. For example, Chinese feudalism. It is now recognized in academic circles that Chinese feudalism was only in the Western Zhou Dynasty. In Chinese history, the term "county system" has been used to describe the post-Qin Chinese system. That's why Gu Yanwu has the saying that he is a feudal in a county. Another example is that Japan and China were on the same starting line in the 19th century, which is a big fallacy. There was an Shimabara Rebellion in Japan, 200 years before the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. China rose up to catch up with Japan, which had gone 200 years earlier, after the Tongzhi rule, and although there were many setbacks, they were also quite effective. When it comes to European history, for example, there are too many things to take for granted. Brother Red Tiger 001 here is trying to think differently, and I think it's a great attempt. Shaoyan

□ Historically, Greece was a city-state. Rome also developed from a city-state. Medieval Europe, Italian city-states such as Venice and Florence had a great influence on modern capitalism. Many laws (nautical law, commercial law, insurance law) began to sprout in Italy. The Greek city-state was built on a clan system, but the Italian city-state such as Venice was not. Venice was founded by tens of thousands of refugees, but it has something in common with the idea of the Red Tiger Brothers. Shaoyan

□ Of China's rulers, probably only the Qing Dynasty had a clearer understanding of religious issues, so the Qing Dynasty was the most adept at dealing with ethnic minority issues. In fact, the Qing and Rome had something in common, many of the upper echelons of Rome were atheists, but they understood that the common people needed religion. So every time a place was conquered, the god of the conquered was brought back and placed in the Pantheon in Rome. The Qing emperor probably didn't believe anything in his heart, but Kangxi was willing to learn Tibetan to win over*. Shaoyan

□ Some friends were dissatisfied with the introduction of monotheism by the Red Tiger Brothers. However, the Chihu brothers actually touched on the Han culture and could not assimilate the nomads, which could only affect one of the key points of the upper echelons of the surrounding kingdoms, that is, Confucianism was not a religion. Confucianism never tried to master the masses. I have said elsewhere that I can imagine tens of thousands of soldiers banging on their shields and shouting "Jesus or Allah", but I can't quite imagine how to call "Confucius". The rebellions of the lower strata in China's history have all flaunted the banner of a certain religion (cult), which also shows this. Because Confucianism could not fill the gap of religion, Mongolia and Tibet were eventually conquered by Lamaism, which seemed to be much more backward. The Qing rulers understood the power of religion better. Shaoyan

□ The original text reads: "As for the nobility, the law on the succession of titles was formulated, stipulating that titles can be inherited from the eldest son to the second son, daughters, from immediate relatives to collateral relatives, according to the order of succession, and only one person can inherit a title, and the heir must also pass the imperial examination held by the government, otherwise there is no right of inheritance." ”。 As for Europe, I think the image in many people's minds is not accurate. Page 47 of "StandardsoflivinginthelaterMiddleAges" mentions the flexibility of the English aristocracy. It is said that in 1500 there were only 16 barons, and they are direct descendants of the 163 barons of the House of Lords at the end of the 13th century. Only 1/5 of the gentleman's family in 1300 belonged to the landlord. Shaoyan

□ cot007 brother mentions the issue of hereditaryness. The Ming Dynasty dealt with it the worst, and the Qing Dynasty was demoted by one level except for ********. Much better. However, I didn't find any information about more than 7,000 counts, so I hope Brother cot007 can provide a source. Hereditary inheritance in Western Europe was much stricter than in Eastern Europe, so for a period of time the number of British nobles decreased. This gives the capable people at the bottom an opportunity to move upward. Of course, there are several factors in Europe that China does not have. One is that there are many deaths among the nobles who fought in wars and competitions. One is monogamous. One is that only one person may inherit the title. Secondly, there are quite a lot of late marriages. Chinese aristocrats do not fight, they can have multiple wives, and they marry early, so having many children and grandchildren has become a big problem. Shaoyan

Chapter 5 of □ "Theknightinhistory" is about William Marshall, the most famous knight in England in the 12th century. His uncle was an earl, and his father was an official, and he became a knight's squire at the age of 12, and a knight at the age of 20, and once fought all over Europe with a companion, capturing 103 knights in jousting tournaments, and serving several kings all the time. But the reason why he became a nobleman was because at the age of 45, the king approved the marriage to the count's heiress, and after 10 years of marriage, he inherited the title of wife and became an earl. It mentions that a knight's fief at the time was at least 600 acres (3,600 acres). One of his castles (Chepstow)

It has jurisdiction over hundreds of square miles of Shaoyan

□ William Marshall had four sons and one daughter. At least three of the four sons are not good deaths. One died in a joust. So in the end, the inheritance was transferred to the grandchildren's family. In the 13th century, the upper echelons of England included 6,000 nobles and knights, and 20,000 monks and nuns. It is estimated that there are 50,000 people in total. If it is assumed that the majority of monks and nuns are from the upper class, a significant proportion of the children of the upper class, although they live a worry-free life, are deprived of the right to have children and grandchildren. It's a huge thing. In European history, such as Charles I of Spain becoming Holy Roman Emperor because of succession, ruling Austria, Germany, Spain, and the Netherlands, such a thing simply cannot exist in China. At that time, if he could inherit France, he would almost rely on inheritance to unify Western Europe. Shaoyan

□ In short, if the hereditary system is not good, it may be extremely bad. If it is done well, it may also be wonderful, increasing the internal competition among the children of the nobility and slowing down the rate of corruption and incompetence. It's all up to you. Personally, I appreciate primogeniture. The other kids went to war. I am quite unimpressed with the system of not fighting in China, which requires ordinary people to run thousands of miles away from home to fight. Shaoyan

□ Chapter 7 of "Theknightinhistory" deals with the most famous knight of the 14th century, Ertrand Du Guesclin, when warfare became more and more dependent on professional soldiers. Several knights commanded a formation of 80-100 well-equipped retinues and archers. Guesclin is a representative of this kind of knight. 1320 born, 1380 dead. Help the King recover most of the lost territory from the British. Captured four times, the ransom was as high as 100,000 gold coins, setting a record for non-royal ransoms, and the king paid for it. At the age of 43, he was married by the duke. No children. Money comes and goes on the left hand, and although there are a bunch of titles at the time of death, it is not richer than at birth. After his death, Garn was buried in the church where the kings were buried. Shaoyan

□ continued) and later he was made Duke of Anjou (because Henry III had already ascended the throne), at a time when the French people called him His Royal Highness the Duke of Anjou or Prince (Prince), while people in other countries would call him His Excellency the Count of Anjou, or His Royal Highness the Count of Anjou, because the territory of Anjou was only an earldom in the whole of Western Europe, and a year before his death, he was given Frandelle, and at that time he was called His Excellency (or His Royal Highness) the Duke of Debreben, This is not just what the people of France call him, but all people should call him as such, because Frandelle (also known as Bulapen) is the absolute dukedom. ”。 Shaoyan

□ Brother Tasd, you mentioned the problem of the skyrocketing number of nobles and the large amount of land in zhan, which led to a decrease in yeoman farmers. In China, this is true. The upper echelons of China can expand their wealth by taking advantage of the public property or the common people belonging to the state. But under feudalism, the situation may be completely different. Now I don't know if Brother Chihu wants to realize the feudal system. Under the feudal system, property rights were relatively clear. The feudal lords had to grab (buy) from other lords or foreigners to expand their property, and the common people could not squeeze much oil. At the same time, titles and duties are linked to the land, as shown in the example of the Counts of Anjou below. This is why the principle of indivisible inheritance of the territory had to be adopted (in the 12th century) instead of the equal division of the sons. Shaoyan

□ In the Chinese system, the main incentive mechanism for subordinates to fight is the reward (official power and money) in the future, and when there is no official promotion for subordinates, it is quite problematic for the monarch and the minister to be peaceful. When a meritorious soldier dies in battle, although his family can receive some bereavement, the standard of living will generally drop significantly. After all, in comparison, few people in ancient China lived on salaries. The master died in battle, and even if the children and grandchildren could still receive a salary, there was no additional income. The official power is also gone, and the situation is generally much worse than before. In addition, in the Chinese system, there is no one in the family of generations of good generals. At most, it lasted for several generations in the founding of the country. Shaoyan

□ Now for the Count of Anjou. The following is copied from the Internet" And to understand the difference between the earl and the duke, we have to take his (the last Majesty of the Valois dynasty of France), the hapless brother Francouvard de France. During the reign of Charles IX, he was named the Duke of Alançon, in fact, this Duke of Alonçon can be regarded as an honorary position, because the territory of Alonçon can only be regarded as a barony's territory, and it is only the territory of the inferior nobles in the whole of Western Europe, so at that time, he was generally called His Royal Highness Prince Alançon, and did not add a duke or other title (as people outside France called him), Shaoyan

□ In the European system, there is not much that the Lord can give unless he opens the land. The land that can be sealed has long been divided. The loot and ransom may be the winner's biggest income. It was more or less an obligation for a retainer to follow his master into battle. Fulfillment of obligations may be taken back, and those who do not meet their obligations will be rewarded. The constant wars under the feudal system are related to the characteristics of the feudal system. That is, the common people can't squeeze too much out of their heads, and if they want to get new wealth, they have to grab it from other feudal lords. Under normal circumstances, it is not easy to start a war against other retainers who belong to the same master, so the target is other countries. Particularly aggressive. Shaoyan

□ the French prince to explain. During the reign of Charles IX, he was named the Duke of Alançon, in fact, this Duke of Alonçon can be regarded as an honorary position, because the territory of Alonçon can only be regarded as a barony's territory, and it is only the territory of the inferior nobles in the whole of Western Europe, so at that time, he was generally called His Royal Highness Prince Alançon, and did not add a duke or other title (as people outside France called him), Shaoyan

□ Brother Tasd, I just said that the feudal system was relatively aggressive, but I did not advocate China's foreign aggression. Even if you put aside the big truth, just from the perspective of gains and losses, the gains outweigh the losses. I have a post in "Ming" to prove this. There is nothing to say about martial arts during the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, but according to Ge Jianxiong, the population dropped by 30 million from 36 million. And it should have increased by 10 million to 20 million. I actually think I should do things well at home. Shaoyan

□ [Essence] When it comes to landlords annexing land, it is actually only a superficial phenomenon. The point is that there is not enough land. In the case of sufficient land, no matter how it is annexed, there will be no landless peasants. Personally, I think the biggest problem facing ancient China was the population problem. In a peaceful environment, every 80-100 years, the population doubles, while the land does not grow by more than 10%. The yield is 10%. That's why there is the issue of land annexation, and that's why there is the problem of the yake. This question was in front of the Chinese for 2000 years, and basically no one provided an answer. In other parts of the world, there are still some late marriages, monks, etc

Answer. Shaoyan

□ [Essence] Answer to Master Cen: 1: Marx's most famous quote is "I sow the seed of the dragon and reap the seed of the flea". 2: A large number of modern European scholars call themselves Marxists. If you look at the European studies of the so-called Marxist scholars in China, you may think that they are talking about an alien planet. 3: The primary source on British prices and wages in 1259-1793 was published between 1866-1902 (AhistoryofargicultureandpricesinEngland). The first analysis based on these materials was published in 1884 and could not have been seen by Marx. As for modern archaeology and the analysis of medieval source materials, it is almost half a century old. Shaoyan

□ Mr. Anupish referred to "A Comparison of the Inferior Roots of Chinese and Western Cultures". My assessment of this article is that the author is very extreme. In the first place, we should not have touted the "****" with extremely low academic level, and now we should not make a big judgment about the "West" based on erroneous information. There is little point in this polarization. To cite a few examples: the author says that Antwerp was part of the Spanish colony at the time. Wrong. The Netherlands was part of the inheritance of Charles V from 1500 to 1558. After the abdication of Charles V, he gave Deo to his brother. Holland Spain gave its son. Charles V was raised in the Netherlands, but his son was fully Spanish. Shaoyan

□ [Essence] (continued) The author also says that "the Alpha Duke of Spain did not show weakness and showed the means by which their ancestors had exterminated the Inca culture." Duke Alpha's suppression of the Netherlands was a matter of 1567. The conquest of the Incas by 169 Spanish adventurers was in 1532. To the Spaniards, both of these things are disgraceful, but it seems like a no-brainer to think about how Western culture is. The Spaniards were particularly cruel to pagans throughout history. It's a fact. It was also the result of the Spanish and ****** Moorish wars of 800 years (710-1492) in the Spanish peninsula. The war produced too many "angry youths". Perhaps retribution, Spain went from unification to decline in less than 100 years (1492-1588). Quite like the Yuan Dynasty. Shaoyan

□ If you have the opportunity to read a collection of essays that discuss medieval military affairs in Europe, you will find that there is a great deal of space to discuss the horse and its improvements throughout history. What tactics the cavalry could adopt depended in a sense on the supply of horses. The tactics of the Mongols were inseparable from the Mongol horses. European heavily armoured cavalry (sometimes 300,400 pounds of horsearmour) had to have horses weighing more than 1,300 or 1,400 pounds. For the same height, the Arab cavalry rode only 7,800 pounds, which was certainly much faster than the European heavy cavalry. And Napoleon's cavalry is inferior to the Hungarian cavalry, and it has a lot to do with horses. As for China, Mr. Qian Mu mentioned that the Song Dynasty lost the northern horse breeding land and military relations. Shaoyan

□ Chain mail and later European heavy armor can still be shot by armor-piercing arrows. And the chain mail is not light (30 pounds), it is cumbersome to maintain, and it is easy to rust. A big problem with European heavy armor is the price. If mail cost £5 in the 13th century, Milanese armor cost three times as much. At that time, one pound could buy about 1,000 litres of wheat. Therefore, a knight needs thousands of acres of land to raise. Of course, at that time, British farmers had about 100 to 200 acres of land per household. Shaoyan

□ [Essence] It is not bad to say that the East is gravity in the West. It is the common people who fight in the east, and they can sacrifice at will. Besides, in Europe, taking prisoners and asking for ransom is a major motivation for war. During the Hundred Years' War between Britain and France, Britain captured King John II of France, and the ransom was almost equal to a year's output of British production. The French king could not afford to return to France, so he had to go back to England and sit in prison until he died (only a few months). For ransom, there is no way to use many tricks (such as fire). At the end of the day, fighting a war in Europe is more like doing business. Victory and defeat are a common thing in soldiers. If you lose, redeem yourself and fight again. The East is a matter of life and death. Chop the grass and be sure to remove the roots. Shaoyan

□ A little background of the "Three Commercial Kingdoms". Cai Yong mentioned Xianbei and said, "The forbidden network has many leaks, fine gold and good iron, all of them are 'thieves', and the Han people fled to conspire for it, and the soldiers were better than the Huns." He also said, "The northeastern and western sides of Han were all attacked." Historically, nomadic people have plundered the population, mainly Han artisans. And now learning high technology is a meaning. It is a very wrong policy to use the power of the state to send criminals and other people who have no interest in the border to guard the border or go on expeditions abroad. Probably many of these people fled to the nomads. Shaoyan

□ generals are one thing. But it seems that the Red Tiger Boss is more focused on how to avoid chaos. This is a very big topic. In 280 AD, the Western Jin Dynasty unified China, but then there was the Rebellion of the Eight Kings (291-306), and the Western Jin Dynasty died 10 years later. In 589, the Sui Dynasty unified China again, and then there was another great rebellion, until Taizong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne (627). The Central Plains is almost 300 years old. If you count from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it is almost 400 years. The northern Han people of the Tang Dynasty already had a large number of Hu blood, which was very different from the Han people of the Han Dynasty. Of course, if China can avoid the catastrophe of three or four hundred years, it will be very different

Like, I think this is what Red Tiger wants to write in it. Shaoyan

□ Five Chaos in China, and then China entered the Northern and Southern Dynasties. This is probably the darkest and closest to hell period in Chinese history. It is probably also the reason why Huang Yi is interested in this period. Huang Yi's focus was on the integration of various ethnic groups, and he had already recognized the inevitability of the Hu people entering the Central Plains. "Legend of the Frontier Wilderness" talks about the battle and integration of various ethnic groups in the north, and the battle and integration of foreign warriors and indigenous warriors in the south. "The Tang Dynasty" tells the story of the Huhua Han (Li Shimin) who reunified the Central Plains, and the Han people in the south had to accept this fact. And the Chihu boss wants to write a story about how to avoid this catastrophe, and his heart is far more ambitious than the ordinary emperor of the Three Kingdoms. Shaoyan

□ Because of the grandeur of the theme, the Red Tiger Boss introduced many things that were not traditional Chinese. Those who are dissatisfied with the Red Tiger Boss seem to be able to talk about how to avoid the chaos of the Five Hundred Years and the next three hundred years according to your ideas. As you have a point, it seems that the Red Tiger Boss is not an unreasonable person. At present, it seems that the Red Tiger Boss seems to feel that getting a group of famous generals to unify the Central Plains is not enough to make the Central Plains avoid the catastrophe of the Wuhu Rebellion, which is very obvious when he sets up his career in Liaoxi. Zhuge Liang has not thought of this big problem when he talks about the three parts of the world. In fact, the northern nomads entered the Central Plains several times, the first time in the Five Chaos of China. If it weren't for this first time, there wouldn't have been a few later times. Shaoyan

□ There are a number of "angry youths" who curse people and traitors at every turn. In fact, the Han people in the Han Dynasty were quite virtuous. Su Wu doesn't need to mention it. is Li Ling, who is also very different from the later traitors. But after the Wuhu Rebellion, I think the Han people have a confusion in their consciousness. In terms of blood, the northern Han people have both northern nomadic and original Han blood, and whether this "traitor" is not a "traitor" is not as clearly defined as the Han Dynasty. Therefore, Wuhu Chaohua is an important period in Chinese history. After five indiscriminate transformations, more than half of the arrogance of the Han Dynasty people has been defeated. The Han regime in the south was spiritually different from the Han Dynasty. It seems that many readers here do not appreciate the hard work of the Red Tiger Boss. Shaoyan

□ Christianity was invented by the Jews, but was not accepted by the Jews. and accepted by other peoples. Christianity borrows from Christianity, but is another monotheistic religion entirely. It seems that many readers, as soon as they see monotheism, think of the Red Tiger Boss surrendering to the West. Does it have to be so? Brother Bei Liang mentioned Chinese traditions. Yes, China has many fine traditions, but no matter which one (Confucianism and Mofa) is the property of a small number of people, it has never become the property of the masses. Confucianism never established grassroots organizations (like churches or mosques at home) so that everyone could understand and worship Confucius. Of course, monotheism does not have to worship God, and it is okay to create a monistic religion that worships the Yellow Emperor. But the point is to reach out to the masses, not to a few literati. Shaoyan