357 The real reason for the ban on the sea at the end of the Ming Dynasty
I only heard him answer Wen Tiren and said: "His subordinates will have more Dongjiang and North Korean sailors, not all of them are his old subordinates, this is one of them." In addition, I have actually said that this new naval division will be carried out with reference to the establishment of the first division of the Ming Army, each ship has a political commissar, and secretly arrange some factory guards, and then use some other means, I am not afraid that he has different intentions! ”
After a pause, Emperor Chongzhen said again: "Li Kuiqi said that Zheng Zhilong defeated him and will be alone on the sea in the future, this matter really has to be guarded against." I issued an order to Fujian, and ordered Zheng Zhilong to go north, and I also wanted to see this person. ”
When Wen Tiren heard this, his heart moved, and he hurriedly asked, "Your Majesty wants to detain him first?" ”
For people like Zheng Zhilong, there are many reasons to detain and even kill him. Moreover, the DPRK and China are relatively contemptuous of such people. Just like the great pirate Wang Zhi in the Jiajing period, he was simply killed by the imperial court after pretending to recruit peace, and no one cared.
Emperor Chongzhen listened, but shook his head and said, "I look at the situation, I shouldn't kill it." Otherwise, his men are likely to rebel again, each for their own sake, and for the sake of the southeast, which is not what I want to see. Now he has not tasted the taste of dominance, and now he still has Hongmaoyi to deal with, and he has not achieved real dominance. The best-case scenario I envisioned was for him to set up a water division on his own, and to balance and contain each other with Li Kuiqi. But what the hell is, I'll wait until I meet Zheng Zhilong. ”
Wen Tiren listened, thought for a moment, and bowed down and said, "Your Majesty Shengming! ”
Emperor Chongzhen thought for a moment, and then instructed Wen Tiren: "Qing can send this piece to the palace newspaper to test the reactions of all parties." In addition, I secretly went to He Qiaoyuan, and I wanted to make him the left servant of the household department and the imperial history of the left capital, sitting in Fujian, the governor of Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong, and opening the sea full-time. Let him prepare first, and when the time is right, the Divine Decree will come! ”
After thinking about it, he added: "Liu Jinsheng communicated with He Qiaoyuan, and reported to Wen Qing and me if there was something. ”
Wen Tiren was secretly happy when he heard this, and it seemed that Emperor Chongzhen was very determined to open the sea. In this way, the sea tax is there, and if it can really reach the amount that the pirate said, the pressure on himself, the first assistant, will be reduced a lot. So, he bowed and left, and according to the emperor's will, he went to get busy.
In the original history, Emperor Chongzhen consulted the Ministry of Households, and finally gave a reply: This matter of opening foreign trade, the Ministry said that it was inconvenient, and it was forbidden as usual. For this reason, He Qiaoyuan later also put on a piece of "Please Open the Sea and Ban Shu", but he did not get the consent of the imperial court, and finally died of depression.
After Wen Tiren left, Emperor Chongzhen recalled this incident and found that his previous impression seemed to be a little wrong, at least not the right impression of the sea ban at the end of the Ming Dynasty.
In the impression of his later soul, the Ming Dynasty forbade the sea, and there is such a saying, saying that it was the southeast sea trade merchants who instigated the imperial court to ban the sea for smuggling profits. However, in the late Ming Dynasty, it was Zheng Zhilong Group that was at sea. As Li Kuiqi said, in the original history, it was the Zheng Zhilong group that benefited the most, not the southeast smugglers.
For this period, the sea was full of pirates, as well as Xiyi. A smuggler goes to sea at great risk, unless he is behind pirates and Xiyi. But historically, there is no obvious backstage behind Zheng Zhilong, and he himself is the biggest beneficiary.
First, what Qiao Yuan said, the policy of banning the sea is actually detrimental to the interests of the southeast maritime merchants. Goods can not go to sea, not only the flow of goods between the southeast coastal provinces has no sea route and the traffic is weak, high costs, less profits. What's more critical is that because there is no escort from the imperial court sailors, there are many pirates, and it is good to pay protection money, and it is more likely that even people and ships will be robbed, which is a big loss.
That is to say, at least at the end of the Ming Dynasty, it is a bit unjust to let the southeast merchants, or smugglers, carry the pot. The reason why the sea has been banned is also caused by the lazy policy pursued by the ancient officials that more things are better than less. advocates the opening of the sea ban, but after all, only 12 out of 10 people who do maritime trade business will succeed, and the others will even lose their lives. If this kind of thing is attacked by political opponents, it is easy to threaten the official career.
It is precisely because of this that He Qiaoyuan repeatedly emphasized in the recital that although there are all kinds of disadvantages in opening the sea, and even gave the example of reading for this reason, the benefits are definitely beneficial to the imperial court.
In fact, this also points to the key point of the bureaucratic class. It is true that the opening of the sea is beneficial to the imperial court, but not to the individual. Therefore, most of the officials of the Ming Dynasty will not do things that are not beneficial, and they will do too many mistakes, and whether the black gauze hat is dangerous or not is what they value most. As for being beneficial to the imperial court, what does it matter to them?
Such things, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, actually abound, but there are many in the late Ming Dynasty. The demise of the Ming Dynasty, this reason accounts for a large proportion, which is really deplorable!
Emperor Chongzhen thought for a while, and couldn't help but sigh secretly, and at the same time a little vigilant. For the benefits brought by the opening of the sea, the benefits must be equalized. Its sea tax revenue, how Qiao Yuan said, can not be used for Fujian military spending.
By the way, there is another point, He Qiaoyuan used a previous example to say that the sea tax revenue in the year after the opening of the sea in the Wanli period was more than 20,000 taels. Before, or happy because of such an income. But not now, it's far from what Li Kuiqi said.
Emperor Chongzhen carefully considered the reason, in fact, it is not difficult to understand. The reason for this must be that many people evade taxes. And this may be the place to focus on strict investigation in the future, and it is also the biggest problem after the opening of the sea.
Hehe, although the pirates charge protection fees like that, Haimao can still make Zheng Zhilong earn tens of millions of dollars a year, which is enough to prove that the tax of this business is too low, and tax evasion is too serious!
The national policy of taxation in the Ming Dynasty is still to transfer from the land tax to the commercial tax to reduce the pressure on the peasants!
As soon as he thought of this, Emperor Chongzhen came back to his senses and couldn't help but feel a little funny. I summoned Wen Tiren to come over to discuss the matter of the ownerless field, but I didn't expect to talk about the maritime affairs as I spoke, but the maritime affairs had eyebrows, and the matter of the ownerless field was completely forgotten, hehe!
So, Emperor Chongzhen had no choice but to summon Wen Tiren again to talk about the field.
Wen Tiren also smiled when he heard this. He said to Emperor Chongzhen: "Your Majesty, this terra nullius land can also be included in the scope of the nationwide Qingzhang land. ”
Chongzhen nodded when he heard this, this matter had been clearly planned before. Therefore, he asked: "Wen Qing, is it possible to carry out the matter of clearing the land?" ”
"Your Majesty, the ministers and cabinet colleagues have discussed, it is advisable to carry out it according to the Wanli period, be familiar with the way, and have the effect of getting twice the result with half the effort!" Wen Tiren was obviously already in his chest, and immediately replied.