The builder didn't have so many brains, the king said that it was the Mi Girl, that is, the Mi Girl, Ou Chou and the others returned the salute slightly, and then welcomed Xiong Jing into the Jutie Mansion.

The imperial court and the royal court all moved from Shouying to Jiying, and in addition to the production departments that were difficult to relocate, the rest of the government also moved over one after another. Jutetsufu moved mainly to the machining department, which is the most important artillery-making department. This is what the Zhengchao strongly demanded, and after the confrontation incident, the artillery department was not at ease with the ministers of Shouying, and they had to be under their noses.

After the Han River and Baishui thawed in the winter, the defense of Fangcheng was loosened, and after it was determined that the Qin army was attacking the Qi State, the cement and tendons were given priority to Ji Ying instead of the still unfinished Fanxiang Second City, and the Jutie Mansion was quickly built under this background.

The building of the house is no longer a shed built of rammed earth, but a factory similar to that of the industrial zone in later generations. It is about 30 zhang long, eight zhang wide, five zhang high, and can be almost level with the city wall when standing on the roof. Surrounded by rows of land-leaving windows, it is full of light.

Xiong Jing had already seen the design drawings on paper, and it was the first time she came to Jutie Mansion to see such a huge building. Although the workshop is not cheap in her heart, she always feels dirty, and she didn't expect the workshop to be so bright and tidy.

"The artillery of the Chu army is all out of this." The courtiers walked in front, and Xiong Jing, who was walking in front of Mi Xuan, did not see her surprise. "Artillery is a container of gunpowder, and the container shoots the power of gunpowder in a designated direction, breaking through the city and killing the enemy. Jutie Mansion used boring bed to produce artillery, and the Shaofu of Qin State ...... Cast cannons in bronze. ”

Mi Xuan knew what the whole thing had happened. In order to save his father, the man had to confront the Qin State, and after the conversion, the Qin State Shaofu unexpectedly made artillery, which was the reason why the man came to the Jutie Mansion to ask what was going on. She didn't know about it, but she felt guilty. Xiong Jing saw that she was a little uneasy, and said with a smile: "It's okay, Qin Man can't make gunpowder." ”

"Your Majesty, please look." Ou Chou, who was walking in front, stopped. Gong Yin Dao arrived before Xiong Jing, so he knew what Xiong Jing came to Jutie Mansion for, and before Xiong Jing came, he ordered someone to drag out the bronze cannon that had been cast before.

More than 20 bronze cannons of various sizes, unlike the spotted green bronze common in later generations, these bronze cannons are extremely bright in color, and you have to look closely to see that some of them are redder, some are more yellow, and some are white. Because the clay mold is used, the gun body will inevitably have bumps and particles, and some places can also see the air holes for heat dissipation.

Some of the bronze cannons were whole, some were blown up. To be honest, even if no craftsmen were lost during the eastward migration of the Chu State, bronze skills may not be able to cast artillery. The lost wax method is a proud skill of the Chu State to build the house, but the lost wax method of the house is fundamentally different from the lost wax method of later generations: the lost wax method can only be used to make some decorative corners on the utensils, and it cannot be used to cast the whole artifact by the lost wax method like later generations.

Because of this, instead of wasting time and effort to cast a bronze cannon that is not durable and difficult to use, Jutiefu would rather cast a low-carbon giant ingot and then use a boring bed to produce the gun chamber. The whole process is similar to the production of steam engine cylinders, but the high-carbon rifled knives are very damaged, so that the carbon content of the early ingots is similar to that of wrought iron, and the life span is far inferior to that of the later manufactured guns.

"The mansion once cast a bronze cannon, but it can't be done." Ou Chou pointed to the more than a dozen bronze cannons behind him. "It's not that the cannon can't be cast, but the cannon is very easy to burst. The minister pondered for several months, and finally got something.

The so-called gold has six Qi formulas: six points of gold and tin are one, which is called the Qi of Zhong Ding; Five points of gold and tin are one, which is called the axe and catty; Four points of its gold and tin in one, said to be the Qi of the halberd of the gold and tin of the one, said to be the Qi of the big blade; Five points of its gold and tin are two, which is called the Qi gold and tin of the cutting arrow, and the Qi of the fire is called the Qi of the Sui.

The artillery is not a bell ding, not an axe, not a halberd, not a big blade, not a cutting and killing, and not a fire, so it should also be Qi. The ministers tried it, but it still didn't work. The axe, the halberd, the big blade, the cutting and killing, and the Qi of the fire are all blown up, but the Qi of Zhong Ding is less charged, and it is not blown up when it is fried.

The minister added gold and minus tin, seven of the first ten bombs, and then five of the ten bombs, so he knew that there was not much tin, and the tin was not strong; Tin is indispensable, tin is less, and the gun body is not solid. However, casting only one-tenth of the cannon charge means that it will not be blown up, and it will not help. ”

Bronze utensils for different purposes have different recipes. The content of tin in Zhongding, Axe, Ge Halberd, Broadblade, Cutting and Killing, and Jiansui increased in turn, from one-seventh of the lowest to one-third of the highest. The test results of Ou Chou were completely correct, and the tin content of the bronze cannon should not be too high or too low. If it is too high, the hardness will go up, but the plasticity will drop sharply; It is not good to be too low, the Brinell hardness of pure copper is only thirty-five, and the hardness is too low for the gun to be easily deformed.

In the late Ming Dynasty, the "Fire Attack Essentials" quoted the record of the metallurgical formula of Western cast guns, where the cast copper gun ...... Every 100 catties of copper, mixed with a good bowl of tin 8 catties, the copper is rigid and soft and strong. If the tin content does not include burning, it is about 7.4%. In this way, the ratio can obtain a gun with moderate rigidity and flexibility, and is difficult and durable.

However, Ou Chou already knew this ratio, why couldn't he still cast a usable artillery? The charge is only one-tenth of that of the gunner, and if it is a fifteen-pound gun, doesn't it mean that there are only more than 400 grams of gunpowder? This bit of gunpowder can only shoot the cannonball out of the barrel.

Xiong Jing thought about this question, and Ou Chou was about to talk about it. He said: "The minister didn't know what to do, and one day he suddenly remembered whether the copper and tin were impure, and the king also said that the melting point of a thing must be different from that of others, and it was melted with charcoal, and sure enough, the tin was not pure." ”

"Tin is not pure?" Xiong Jing was a little surprised, he thought that Ou Chou would say that the copper was impure.

"Yes, yes." Ou Chou nodded: "The minister checked the slip again, and only then did he know that the so-called green gold has tin and lead." Lead is tin, and tin is also known as lead. The one who melts first is tin, and the one who melts later is lead. Tin and lead are combined, and the artillery is not successful, and the lead is removed with tin, and the artillery is completed. ”

"Lead?!" Xiong Jing let out a sentence of surprise, and he suddenly felt like vomiting. Lead is highly toxic, alloy, but metal combination, not chemical reaction. If there is lead in the bronze, isn't it the water pipe used by the Romans?

"Lead is highly toxic, why don't you report it?" Thinking that he had eaten the food cooked in leaded bronze for more than ten years, and that there were also nobles of the Chu State and the nobles of the world who had eaten the food and wine syrup cooked in leaded bronze for the rest of their lives, his scalp suddenly felt a little numb. The crew members who eat canned food sealed with lead in "Polar Spirit" go crazy one by one, which does not mean that all the nobles in the world must go crazy.

Xiong Jing's expression changed suddenly, Qi Xuan ignored the side of others, stepped forward and grabbed his arm, while Gong Yin Dao and Ou Chou were stunned.

"Why did the king say that?" Gong Yin Dao asked anxiously. The bronzes were all cast in the mansion, and he didn't want to bear the charge of killing the king.

"There is lead in bronze, since there is lead, lead will seep into the meat soup and rice when cooking, this is ......" Xiong Jing suddenly wanted to leave the Jutie Mansion and go to the palace immediately, and ordered the chief wine official and the chef Yin to immediately prohibit the use of bronze.

"My lord, please listen to your ministers again." Xiong Jing told the reason, Gong Yin Dao was really stunned, and Ou Chou smiled slightly.

"Words." Xiong Jing looked at him smiling, somehow.

"The minister knows that Qingjin has tin and lead, so he went to Lantai Palace to find a piece of Jianjia again, and then he knew the reason." Ou Chou said: "Although the words tin and lead are the same, the ancestors are not ignorant of the difference between the two. At the time of Yin Shang, only tin was added to the vessel without lead, but lead was easy to obtain but tin was difficult to find, so all the vessels of kings and nobles were added with tin without lead; The utensils of the cheap, add less tin and more lead. The craftsmen and craftsmen of the palace were attacked by the merchants, and the tools used in the palace were all lead-free. ”

Ou Chou's words made Xiong Jing breathe a sigh of relief, and he asked, "So, the tools used by the scholars are all leaded vessels?" ”

"Yes." Ou Chou nodded. "The same is true of the Underworld. Furthermore...... The tin of the merchant came from the south or from the north. It is not easy to come from the south, so there are many people from the north. Those who came from the north are now the representatives of the Zhao people. Why do businessmen count the ghosts? It was because the ghost side prevented the tin ingots from coming north. The ghost side is blocked, and the merchant Wuxi can only add lead, but Wu Ding defeats the ghost side and wins, and then the nobleman's instrument adds tin but not lead. ”

Xiong Jing had heard before that the Eurasian continent in the Bronze Age, like later generations, had a trade network covering all civilizations, and the most important commodity in the trade was tin in addition to copper, and only with tin could there be bronze, which was the most important strategic material in the Bronze Age. He didn't expect that East Asia was also covered by this trade network, and the reason why merchants frequently crusaded against the ghost side was not only for the sake of people and animals, but more importantly, to ensure that their trade routes were not cut off by the ghost side.

"Then ......" Xiong Jing thought about it, and Ou Chou said again. The Zhou people moved eastward, and the people of various countries divided the feuds, and they sought fine ornamentation, and the utensils were added with lead. Qi people may also follow the old law of merchants, the three Jin and Qin countries, lead and tin must be mixed, if lead is highly toxic, then ......"

Tin is expensive and lead, although the merchants and Western Zhou engineers did not know that lead was highly toxic, they still adhered to the old law, and the royal bronzes never added lead, and the casting was a copper-tin alloy. Of course, never adding lead is subjectively not adding lead, and the actual tin bronze also contains lead, which is an impurity that is difficult to remove by technology. Archaeology generally believes that the lead content in bronzes is less than 2%, and about 1% of lead is not intentionally added.

However, in order to reduce the difficulty of casting, engineers from all over the world pursued beautiful appearance, and bronze and lead could reduce the melting point, improve fluidity, and facilitate the casting of thin walls and delicate patterns, so they confused the noble and the low, and turned the copper-tin binary alloy into a copper-tin-lead ternary alloy.

"If that's the case, the reason why the Qin State Shaofu couldn't cast the cannon was because there was lead in the tin?" Xiong Jing calmed down a little, remembering the reason why the Qin State could not cast a cannon.

"Yes, yes." Ou Chou said: "If copper contains lead, artillery will not succeed." Bai Di people may know this secret, and the artillery will also become. However, then ......" Ou Chou is also true: "Tin is pure, copper must also be pure, if copper is not pure, with the experiment of the minister, the artillery can not be used for a long time." But I don't know whether the copper used by the Baidi people is pure or not? If it is impure, don't worry about it. Baidu: Read the latest chapter of "Jingchu Empire Masterpiece Literature" for free for the first time.