In this era, with the exception of nomads and fishermen, most people had some symptoms of night blindness, and the same was true of the settled Jurchens. Mobile M.

Because both in the East and in the West, most people still regard the internal organs of animals as unclean and a source of disease. Therefore, no one will eat these offal unless there is extreme food scarcity.

In addition to milk, fish, carrots, and spinach, animal liver is the most vitamin A food. The Jurchens obviously did not understand why their fathers and grandparents had a good view at night and were able to fight at night. But in his own generation, most of the late ones couldn't see the road clearly, and only those Jurchens who were absorbed into the Eight Banners would not suffer from night blindness.

Even outstanding figures of the Jurchen tribe such as Huang Taiji only regarded this phenomenon as the Jurchens were too accepting of the living habits of the Han people on weekdays, which led to the infection of the Han people. Therefore, the Eight Banners have always been required to maintain the Jurchens' own living habits and not to be assimilated by the customs of the Han people.

However, this kind of political slogan could not solve the physiological disease, for example, nearly half of the five or six hundred men led by Ying Ordai suffered from night blindness of varying degrees, and although their symptoms did not affect the night march, when they began to fight with Wu Sangui's battalion of cavalry, a big problem arose.

On the other hand, the cavalry of the Ming army on Wu Sangui's side did not have any problem of night blindness at all, so when fighting against the Jurchen cavalry, they could still maintain their own formation, which was on par with the Jurchens who were twice as big as themselves.

The reason for this situation is naturally that under Chongzhen's initiative, a large number of spinach, carrots and other vegetables are provided to the army, and where conditions permit, eggs, animal livers and fish are also provided.

Liaoning, Hebei and Shandong are the regions that have benefited the most from the booming distant-water fishing industry. Cheap sea fish and meat are much cheaper, which makes the physical fitness of ordinary people in this area also improve, not to mention the large quantities of fish and meat supplied to the army.

On the other hand, with Tian Ming's research on the living habits of locusts, the chicken and duck breeding industry in the north began to rise. Initially, this was only done to eliminate locust populations in the wild and to avoid locust outbreaks.

But as the number of chickens and ducks grew, many farmers soon discovered that it was an extremely lucrative business. Chickens and ducks fed locusts in large quantities not only have a high egg production rate, but are also less susceptible to pestilence.

More importantly, with the rise of cotton textile and other industries in the north, the income of urban residents began to rise, and the consumption of chicken and duck eggs became daily consumption. Economic interests have driven more farmers to invest in low-cost poultry farming, which also provides the military with a large source of meat and eggs.

As a result, the new army in this area was the first to eradicate night blindness. And the supply of a large amount of meat also made the physical fitness of Wu Sangui's battalion of cavalry completely superior to his family's former family.

In front of this cavalry of the Ming army, which advocated team spirit and team combat, the Jurchen cavalry, which was plagued by night blindness and was far less disciplined than the cavalry of the Ming army, suffered a lot in the first battle.

The battle-hardened Ying Erdai soon discovered the reason for his side's inferiority, and he immediately sounded the horn to regroup his troops, singled out his subordinates who suffered from night blindness, and then divided the sighted soldiers into two teams, one to contain the Ming cavalry in front of him, and the other to seize the pontoon bridge.

Ying Ordai soon saw that the Ming army also divided a force to protect the pontoon bridge. In the following battle, he quickly judged with his rich combat experience that this Ming cavalry should be the elite of the Ming army, and it could almost be regarded as the level of the Ming army's generals.

The reason why he was able to make his side suffer a small loss just now was mainly because this Ming cavalry he had seen was more disciplined, and no one of them broke away from the team to chase and kill the fleeing cavalry on their side, so they were always able to form a numerical advantage in the local battlefield and defeated the troops on their side in turn.

Of course, this cavalry is not without shortcomings, with the division of the Ming army, the opponent's team combat ability has obviously begun to decline. They can no longer easily form a local superiority in strength, and the tactics of this unit are too rigid, and there seem to be only one or two routines for coming and going.

Ying Erdai then ordered the division of troops again, divided the team into teams of 2 or 30 people, and 6 teams of men and horses doubled the battlefield of the battle between the two sides, luring the Ming cavalry to be more dispersed in formation.

When the Jurchens attacked from the frontal brigade and turned into a harassment by the rangers, Wu Sangui immediately decided to retreat. In such a night, the bows and arrows of both sides were not accurate, and they had to rely on hand-to-hand combat.

With the team combat skills of daily training, Wu Sangui has nothing to worry about. With this battalion of cavalry, he was sure enough to resist the undisciplined Jurchen cavalry on the opposite side.

But once the other party played the tactics of harassing guerrillas, Wu Sangui, who was short of manpower, was a little overwhelmed. Unlike the all-round soldiers pursued by the Jurchens and Mongols, the Ming army had begun to make a more professional division of soldiers' combat capabilities.

Under Chongzhen's indoctrination, the Ming army has changed from relying on the combat skill level of a few soldiers to a combat machine that relies on teamwork. According to the emperor, instead of training a unit capable of both horse and foot combat, it is better to train two troops that are skilled in horse combat and one that are skilled in foot combat.

Cultivating an elite family too much, in addition to the astonishing cost, can not be completed without 5-10 years of training. However, if only a certain part of the skill is trained to a professional level, then not only the training cost is low, but it only takes one or two years to take shape.

Although such an army can only be used in a specific environment with the cooperation of other troops, the low cost of training can make up for the losses of the troops in the shortest possible time. It's not like the Qi family army and the white pole soldiers, after the bloody battle of the Hunhe River, their strength was greatly damaged, and the Qi family army even cut off the inheritance.

Of course, such a form of army organization also ensured that it was more difficult for the new army to betray the imperial court. Without the command of the General Staff, the supply of supplies from the logistics department, and the cooperation of other troops, it was difficult for the betrayed army to survive on its own.

Because such an army is a war machine built on the basis of the idea of industrialization, since it is a machine, it also means that every part can be replaced, and the parts that are separated from the machine also lose the value of existence. Such an army is not something that nomadic and purely agrarian peoples with backward productive forces can afford.

Therefore, after seeing that the other party had changed his tactics, Wu Sangui dispelled the idea of continuing to divide troops with the other party. And it's not too early, if it really drags on until dawn and lets the rest of the other party's men and horses besiege it, they will really be left north of the Han River.

After making up his mind, Wu Sangui ordered all cavalry companies to stagger and cover and evacuate towards the pontoon bridge. The pontoon bridge on the Han River is the main road connecting Hanyang with the south, and it is about 600 meters long, and the center of the pontoon bridge is a small island with a width of more than 200 meters.

Although the North Koreans could not afford to build a stone arch bridge across the Han River, the pontoon bridge was built wide enough to accommodate five cavalrymen in parallel. Wu Sangui personally led the team to deal with the aftermath, but Ying Erdai quickly saw the bargain.

When this group of Ming troops began to pass the pontoon bridge, the Ming troops guarding the bridgehead became a fixed target, which was much easier to shoot at moving targets that were difficult to determine before.

He then ordered his men to dismount and shoot the Ming troops guarding the pontoon bridge with their rifles. This tactic immediately caused heavy losses to the Ming army, and many Ming horses even jumped into the Han River in fright.

The two sides fought for so long before, the Ming army only lost thirty or forty people, these waves of arrow rain took away fifty or sixty people, under the escort of his own soldiers, Wu Sangui finally got out of the shooting range of the rear * arrow, but after retreating to Jiangdao, he counted the number of people, and there were one hundred and twenty or thirty people left, and almost half of the battalion was lost in this battle, and this loss made Wu Sangui extremely distressed.

It also made him discourage the intention of continuing to entangle with this Houjin cavalry, so he ordered his subordinates to dismantle a part of the pontoon bridge near the island and set it on fire, and then led his subordinates to hurriedly cross the river to chase the convoy of the king of Joseon.

On the north side of the pontoon bridge, Yingordai's face was also ugly after counting his own losses, 37 people were killed in battle, 22 were seriously wounded, and the casualties of the Ming people were 1:2. Although it was because of the night battle, this kind of exchange was made in a situation where his side was superior in numbers, and it was a rare example of war since the founding of the Later Jin Dynasty.

As he watched the Ming army set fire to the pontoon bridge and evacuated, a general came to report to him: "... My lord, there are more than 30 injured and not dead on the side of the Ming army, do you want your subordinates to send them on the road? ”

Ying Ordai's eyes were in a trance for a moment, and after a long time, he said leisurely: "Before setting out on the expedition, the Great Khan and the banner lord Beylor have already ordered that we are not allowed to kill prisoners and civilians indiscriminately, and put them aside for the time being. ”

Then his tone became firm again, "... Dig around and detain all the nearby villagers to repair the pontoon bridge. In addition, I went to find a nearby fishing boat and prepared to cross the river after dawn to pursue him..."

When Yingordai captured people to repair the pontoon bridge, Wu Sangui finally crossed the Han River with the remaining more than 100 people, and he ordered his subordinates to quickly rest and recover their horsepower and physical strength, while sending people to find the whereabouts of the convoy.

The carriage in which the Joseon king rode was a four-wheeled carriage rewarded by Chongzhen, and the wheels and rails were completely different from those of the Joseon carts, so the searchers quickly found traces of the convoy heading northwest along the Han River.

When the sky was dark, the Ming army, which had rested for nearly an hour, got up one after another under the order of Wu Sangui and prepared to catch up with the convoy of the king of Korea to the northwest. Before Wu Sangui was on the horse, he also faintly saw five or six fishing boats rowing towards him on the opposite bank.

He withdrew his gaze and shouted to his subordinates, "Let's go." He urged his mount to take the lead and headed towards the northwest, and more than a hundred cavalry rushed away in the golden sunlight, and suddenly splashed a cloud of smoke and dust, faintly covering their figures.

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