In order to restore the real history of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the book is in line with the real history of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, but some changes have been made in the following links.

First, in terms of taxation: Many people think that in addition to the climate of the Xiaoice River, the biggest problem of the fall of the Ming Dynasty is the problem of taxation, the gentry are rampant in corruption, the routine of silver, the life is extravagant, the imperial court has no money, and ordinary people can still be hungry in the peaceful years, and they will be displaced and beg for a life in the famine years.

In this case, the imperial court put the heavy responsibility of solving the tax on the common people, first Liao, then the salary, and finally the salary, which is almost double the regular payment, plus the government apportionment, so that the people's tax is almost 4-10 times that of the imperial court.

Therefore, the biggest change in this book is the change in taxation.

In order to solve the burden of the common people, cancel the labor service out of the county (everyone may be familiar with the story of Meng Jiangnu crying on the Great Wall, in ancient times, the levy of labor may have a greater impact on the people than taxes), cancel the apportionment, or some apportionment (such as the cost of levying and paying labor) into a positive tax, cancel the three salaries, and set the endowment of fertile land at 1 liter of rice per mu, and 6 liters per mu of dry land (an increase compared with the regular endowment, but a lot less than after the addition of three salaries), so as to lift the shackles on the heads of the people.

In order to make up for the loss of exemption from cross-county labor and the loss of three salaries, the protagonist adopts the method of re-measuring land, collecting commercial taxes, and collecting mining taxes to make up for it.

1. In the Ming Dynasty, as long as you get the meritorious government, you will be given money and food to subsidize your life, and you don't need to pay food. That is to say, if you are a lifter, your family does not need to pay any taxes at all, but the shortage of the imperial court will not be reduced, and it will be added to the heads of ordinary people, so as to increase the burden on the people.

Taxes paid by the general public increased, and in order to evade taxes, many people cast their names in the names of famous scholars to avoid taxes.

In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Shoufu Xu Jie, in this way, had 20,000 acres of land (many things were defected to his name).

In order to increase taxes and ensure tax fairness, in addition to the normal subsidies for students, the phenomenon of non-payment of taxes by students will be abolished. (This method had a certain consensus in the Ming Dynasty, and Hai Rui once forced Shoufu Xu Jie to spit out 10,000 acres of land.) ）

2. In ancient times, the co-governance of the officials and gentry was implemented, and all local taxes belonged to the local gentry. Just like in the mid-eighties, all farmers would go to the market to sell their crops or buy farm tools and necessities.

At that time, the government had appointed personnel to collect commercial taxes, and the money and grain collected were 1-3% for the sale of goods, and in the republic, these money and grain were collected as local tax revenue, but in the Ming and Qing dynasties, all these revenues went into the pockets of the local gentry.

There are also related endowments, just like Hai Rui in the Ming Dynasty also did it, but these are completely based on personal interests, and most of the income goes into the pockets of local officials and gentry, rather than into the government.

The protagonist sets up a township office in a private bazaar, appoints a small number of people to collect taxes, or manages local security, which costs little and makes a lot of money.

In a county, a prefecture (prefecture-level city), and hundreds of private bazaars, even if each bazaar collects 7,800 taels of silver every year, a prefecture (prefecture-level city) will reach 100,000 taels, and a province will reach 100,000 taels.

Through the integrated payment of grain by the officials and gentry, the collection of commercial taxes by the establishment of township offices, and the collection of customs and mining taxes, it is completely possible to make up for the exemption from cross-county labor and the loss of three salaries, and provide financial and grain support for the war.

2. Government Transformation:

1. Establish a township office, in a feudal society, the imperial court office is only set up in the county, and an inspection office (county dispatch agency) is also established in some large counties, so it is difficult to complete the control of the following.

In order to control the localities, the government assisted the local gentry in establishing non-governmental organizations such as Ting (Township), Li, and Jia, but although these organizations were under the supervision of the government, most of them were non-governmental organizations, and it was difficult to control the localities.

In order to change the status quo, the market was used as a unit, or on the basis of the past pavilion (township) and lijia, a formal dispatch agency, that is, a township office, was established.

Of course, due to the very small population of the Ming Dynasty, it is impossible to set up townships to the current scale, and it is simply inferred that if the township office was to be set up in the Ming Dynasty, it would probably be a bit like many district governments in the eighties and nineties (in the eighties and nineties, there was such an administrative unit as a subdivision between counties and townships, with seven or eight subdivisions in each county and five or six townships in each subdistrict).

In this way, grass-roots administrative units with a number of about 1-20,000 people were established under the county to strengthen local control (in the Han Dynasty, some large counties had a population of more than 100,000, and their parents were called county commanders, and from this point of view, in order to ensure local control, in the last years of the Ming Dynasty, the government should establish lower-level institutions, that is, the kind of sub-district administrative units in the eighties and nineties).

2. Strengthen the management of functional institutions, the ancient imperial court has three provinces and six departments, and the local court has three classes and six rooms.

The three shifts and six rooms were renovated, and the account office was changed into a unit such as the financial office, so as to strengthen the management of financial revenue and expenditure.

The transformation of the three middle and strong classes into ordinary people's police (together with the township office has 1-2 general police), and the fast class into criminal police, so that two of the three classes are basically the prototype of the modern public security bureau.

Part of the soap class was transformed into county yamen clerks, and part of it was transformed into tax collectors together with the personnel of the local township office to ensure the collection of local taxes.

Through transformation, the prototype of a modern government will be established, public security and tax collection will be strengthened, and financial coordination will be strengthened.

3. The transformation of officials, although the small officials were cheap in ancient times, they were very powerful in the local area, just like the Confucian foreign history said, the general public saw that they wanted to call the uncle, and the gray income was very high.

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the general official was paid less than six taels of silver, but as many documents say, even if the rules and regulations are not greedy, they can get more than 50 taels of silver every year. (Generally, the annual income of middle-income families is only 20 taels of silver)

In the ancient court regulations, the number of government servants was very small, and many civil scoundrels acted as white servants, which is what is called temporary workers in modern times, but they may not have regular salaries, and only take such as silver.

From this point of view, although the salaries of those who work in the government from ancient times to the present are not high, the actual income of each one is quite high.

The protagonist transforms the servants, in addition to giving positive endowments, plus various bonuses or something, to ensure that their income reaches twenty taels of silver (to reach the middle income level).

In addition to this, it is very important to bring in a large number of retired soldiers.

In ancient times, after the retirement of the prince and general, or after his death, the imperial court would give him fame, including a fortune and a fief.

And after the death of ordinary big-headed soldiers, the good ones have a little pension, and the bad ones die in vain.

Through the transfer of old, weak, sick and disabled soldiers who have made meritorious contributions to the government, even if they are disabled on the battlefield and retired from service, they not only live a worry-free life, but also live a very face-saving life in society. (For scholars, errand service is a lowly profession, but for ordinary people, errand service is a local emperor).

After the establishment of the republic, why did foreign wars win every battle, and why did many ordinary people in poor areas enthusiastically join the PLA, the main reason is that if they can make meritorious contributions, they will have a way out.

From this point of view, the professionalism of the old, weak, sick, and disabled officers and men who have made meritorious contributions to the military has greatly improved the morale of the troops, changed the phenomenon of the people having the courage to use their own weapons and was cowardly in public fighting, and also changed the impression that the errand service is a lowly job.

3. Transformation of the army:

1. The use of bayonets or spurs in the early stage: At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the spurs had been invented, but they were not used on a large scale.

The Ming Dynasty army was often crushed at the touch of a button, and some believe that many units had been converted into firearms units, but had lost their hand-to-hand combat skills.

With the use of bayonets, ordinary musketeers become pikemen in seconds, first crushing or demoralizing the opponent through a volley of muskets, and then crushing the opponent through a bayonet charge.

Some people commented on the Opium War, and the Qing army was stabbed by the British bayonet.

It can be said that before the invention of the machine gun, the bayonet charge tactic after the musket salvo was the most classic and practical tactic.

In this sense, the musketeers in the last years of the Ming Dynasty were rarely equipped with bayonets, or the army lost the ability to fight hand-to-hand, which was the main reason for the defeat of the Ming army.

Otherwise, there would be no innovation in the tactics of the Manchurian and Mongolian Eight Banners, and in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang and others were beaten so that they couldn't find the north?

Why did it come to the end of the Ming Dynasty that the Eight Banners of Manchu and Mongolia collapsed at the touch of a button?

As some historians have analyzed, in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, with the use of firearms, the Ming Dynasty has become a firepower-based army.

However, such an army abandoned the courage and ability of hand-to-hand combat in the past, and was defeated by the Manmeng Eight Banners and defeated by the Japanese Invaders.

And the bayonet gave the army the ability to fight hand-to-hand.

2. In the later period, flintlock pistols, Franc machine guns, and red-coated cannons were used.

In the mid-to-late Ming Dynasty, flintlock pistols, or auto-born bird guns, were developed that did not require the firing rope to fire. Some people analyze that the failure of Juniper in the Battle of Salhu is because the arquebus is difficult to use normally in the rain, and everyone can only light the torch and ignite it, thus becoming a live target for the archers of the Eight Banners.

When the Qing army attacked Yunnan, Li Dingguo led his troops to defend, but was finally forced to retreat because he used arquebuses to set fire to the surrounding trees.

As a traverser, try to minimize the use of new weapons, so as not to open the golden finger.

3. Application of hollow phalanx:

In fact, the Ming Dynasty also had a hollow phalanx, but it was not called that, in Qi Jiguang's "Training Record", the infantry camped, and the formation was the use of a hollow phalanx, and the four bureaus (companies) under a division (battalion) were separated from each other, and the battalion headquarters and the baggage were in the middle, which was a typical hollow phalanx, and there was no need to repeat it here.

4. Grenadier use:

In the face of the Qing army's attack in the late Northern Song Dynasty, the Song army used the primitive grenade of the earth-shaking thunder, and after hundreds of years of development, various grenades were used in large quantities in the last years of the Ming Dynasty.

The author went to Gulangyu to see the Zheng Chenggong Memorial Hall, which also has a grenade.

Slightly different, the protagonist just officially incorporated the grenadier as a class into the army, and from this point of view, there is complete respect for history.

5. The navy used vehicles and ships, and changed from connection warfare to artillery warfare and grenadier warfare.

Cars and boats appeared in the last years of the Tang Dynasty, prevailed in the Song Dynasty, and disappeared a little in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

The protagonist combines the ships seen in modern times and uses ancient vehicle and ship technology to create the Flying Tiger Battleship (the name of the ancient vehicle and ship), which is not considered to be a golden finger.

The connecting battle was changed to artillery battle and grenadier battle, which was a bit transitional and somewhat modeled after the tactics of the Hunan army.

However, considering that the Liukou did not have a formal naval army, and most of them were rabble, and the Qing army's naval division was weak, at least it was possible to deal with these two naval armies.

Fourth, logistics reform:

The soldiers and horses did not move the grain and grass first, and tens of thousands of people fought in ancient times, and the ancient scholars and doctors opposed the conquest, mainly because of logistical pressure.

In a general war, one person in the front needs one person to replenish in the rear, and if you fight from a long distance, one person in the front often needs several people to replenish.

In order to ensure the supply of military supplies, the army often grabbed strong men to transport military supplies, and in this way, many families in the rear were ruined and had no peace.

In this way, a bucket of grain is consumed in the front, and a load of grain is needed in the rear, which doubles the cost of war.

1. Take the navy as the food route of the army: There are many rivers in the four (Sichuan) or southern China, and the protagonist adopts the tactics of the Hunan army, using the navy as the food platform of the army, which is transported by boat at a long distance and by vehicle at close range, so as to reduce the damage to society and avoid causing turmoil in the rear.

In this sense, this logistical reform has had a significant impact and has greatly reduced the trauma of the war on ordinary families.

2. Two-wheeled rickshaw and two-wheeled carriage application:

The protagonist first wants to use bicycles, tricycles, which are undoubtedly the best means of short-distance transportation, and can easily transport hundreds of miles of goods by bicycle, and more by tricycles.

Of course, if you look at it from the perspective of driving a golden finger, bicycles and tricycles are not difficult, as a modern person, coupled with the popularity of shared bicycles again, even if there are many minors, they can tinker with a bicycle and tricycle.

The protagonist considers that the bicycle and tricycle are too earth-shattering, and finally gives up.

It was only changed to two-wheeled rickshaws and two-wheeled carriages for short-distance transportation of large armies.

In this way, the brigade (company level) mainly uses baskets to carry goods, or uses wheelbarrows and two-wheeled rickshaws to transport goods, and the battalion (division) level uses two-wheeled horse-drawn carriages to transport military supplies over short distances, so as to ensure the short-distance transportation of the army.

3. Four-wheeled carriage: Of course, two-wheeled rickshaws and two-wheeled carriages can ensure short-distance transportation for the army, and if long-distance transportation is needed in the future, the protagonist plans to use four-wheeled vehicles.

Now, through Western missionaries, four-wheeled vehicles (unlike modern cars, except that the power is provided by horses and the structure is made of wood).

The reason why Chinese civilization has been attacked by the northern ethnic minorities for thousands of years is mainly because there is no heavy-duty means of transportation such as four-wheeled carriages.

Unlike the south, the south can also use a large number of ships for long-distance transportation, and the north has fewer rivers, and long-distance transportation can only rely on vehicles and manpower.

If a four-wheeled carriage is used, two horses can easily reach seven or eight hundred kilograms, and four horses can reach five per meal, so the logistical pressure is reduced.