Chapter 42: The German Lancet
Joy used the example of the field of economics to teach Professor Weierstrass and his students a wonderful lesson. The professor and his students were also surprised to find that mathematics is not a sacred object locked in an ivory tower, but can also be used to explain economic phenomena, analyze economic principles, and help people make correct economic judgments.
At this point, the use of mathematical theories to analyze economics finally sprouted in Germany. Joey believes that the Harvard blue-blood elite belonging to Germany is not far off.
"Joey, keep going, keep going!" Joey pumped himself up.
The remaining few small circles, naturally, started with Professor Koch. After all, it was all thanks to Professor Koch who took Dr. Behring into the palace to save himself. So Joey's meeting with Professor Koch, without any politeness, was a big hug.
"Joey, Joey." Dr. Behring shouted happily when he saw Joey, and then hugged Joey and whispered, "It's successful, in the past few days after you left, all of our diphtheria antitoxins have been successful." ”
"Great!" Joey jumped for joy as well, "Mr. Professor Koch, Dr. Behring, Dr. Kitasato, Dr. Oulrich, do you know how much demand there is for this thing in the world, can we guarantee the supply?" ”
"My next step is to provide serum through plasma fractionation from horses, and then consider stabilizing it with enzymes, and we are currently determining the minimum dosage for therapeutic and prophylactic use respectively, and if these two doses are determined, then we will conduct a certain number of animal and human tests, and if the trial goes well, I will consider how to make the antitoxin a finished product to facilitate transportation and storage." Dr. Ulrich touched the beard on his chin and said slowly.
"Dear Dr. Ulrich, how long do you think this process will last?" Joey asked.
"At the current rate, it will take about three months to find the minimum measurement and complete the experiment, which is optimistic and half a year if conservative. By the way, Joey, you can call me Paul, Professor Koch, you can be his student, and you are now our classmate. Dr. Ulrich laughs.
"Really, Mr. Professor?" Joey looked at Professor Koch in surprise.
Professor Koch scratched his head, "I had this idea before, but just after watching your performance, I'm a little unsure. ”
"How can this be reversed! You are my teacher! Joy hugged Professor Koch again.
"Haha, I'm really a little proud to be able to worship a Nobel Prize winner as a teacher!" Joey smugly made a little calculation in his heart.
"Okay, Joey, let me go, there's a new discovery in Kitato, and I want to tell you about it." Professor Koch couldn't resist Joey's enthusiasm and hurriedly brought in Kitasato as a shield.
Kitasato Shibazaburo was the one who discovered the pathogen of cholera, a worldwide epidemic, but he also lost the chance to win the Nobel Prize because of his yellow skin.
Cholera began in 1817 with an outbreak in the Indian subcontinent and ended in 1879 with five consecutive outbreaks in Europe and around the world, including 16 consecutive outbreaks from 1846 to 1862, and you read that right, 16 consecutive years of major outbreaks, during which cholera claimed millions of human lives. Each outbreak of cholera does not last a few months, but is measured in years, ranging from a few years to a dozen years.
In the nineteenth world cholera is known as the most terrible disease in the world. Before Joey crossed into this world, a worldwide cholera outbreak that had been going on for nine years had just ended. Oh, that's how terrible the nineteenth century is.....
Compared with Behring's discovery of diphtheria, Kitasato Shibazaburo did not belong to Behring in the slightest importance to the discovery of cholera, but because of his yellow skin, he was disqualified from winning the prize, and like Kitasato, many Asian scientists fell on the road of Nobel Prize racism.
Kitasato Shibazaburo was a shy young man, and he bowed slightly to Professor Koch and the others very politely, and said with a ruddy face, "Prince... Uh, Joey, when the teacher was studying the surgeons, he found that patients often die of a disease called tetanus after surgery. Therefore, my teacher gave me the task of studying this phenomenon, and with the guidance of my teacher and Paul's help, I was able to cultivate Clostridium tetani, but I was always struggling with how to use it. ”
"I've been inspired by the serum therapy here from Emir these days, and I think I can also use the serum therapy to try tetanus. But... I also need a grant. Kitasato rubbed his hands and said a little shyly.
"I'll take care of this, dear Kitasato!" Joey jumped up, "With the help of Emile and Paul, you'll have absolutely no problem!" "Joey is very familiar with it, and has begun to call Dr. Behring and Dr. Olrich by name.
Joey looked at Dr. Behring, then at Dr. Kitasato, then at Dr. Ulrich and said, "Paul, Emile, and Kitasato all have topics and research directions, why didn't you hear you talk about your topic, can you tell me about it?" ”
"Joey, the current topic given to me by the teacher is the research in the direction of vertebral insects, and the north has given me a lot of inspiration in the past two days, and I am conducting research according to the teacher's bacterial staining method, and it is estimated that I will have thousands of organic compounds to experiment, hoping to finally find a way to kill trypanosomes." Dr. Ulrich touched Joey's head and smiled, "Joey, I don't need funding just yet. ”
"Teacher, what is your research direction?" Joey looked at Professor Koch again.
"Joey, my current research direction is mainly in the field of tuberculosis, I am looking for a pathopathy, I think it is causing tuberculosis, and now with the help of staining technology, I can probably determine what it is." Professor Koch looked at Joy with a smile, "The crown princess has already funded my tuberculosis enough, and I don't need more money here now." ”
Professor Koch looked at Joey, who was obviously absent-minded with a frowning brow, and asked, "Joey, what are you thinking?" ”
"Mr. Professor, the bacterial staining method you said suddenly gave me an idea." Joey said as he struggled to think of a medicine in his head.
"By the way, it's a hundred waves!" The name of the drug popped into Joey's mind.
The discovery of Bailang Duo is also very dramatic, originally a college student mentioned in his chemistry dissertation that he found sulfonamide from the azo compound of the orange dye, but no one regarded it as a drug, but only regarded it as an intermediate of the orange dye "Bailang Duoxing".
Later, a chemist (with a medical background) from the German Farben Dye Company discovered this sulfonamide compound in an unexpected experiment, which can actually treat those experimental mice for sepsis caused by hemolytic streptococcus. Then, without any clinical trials, or a desperate father's struggle to save his daughter who was dying due to septicaemia, he injected the dye into his daughter's body, and miraculously he finally saved his daughter's life.
The antimicrobial effect of sulfonamides has also been directly confirmed, and it was the best antimicrobial agent before the use of penicillin in the forties of the twentieth century.
The azo compound was discovered by Dr. Peter Gries in 1859, and Joy also knew that Professor Hoffman was familiar with the compound. What is lacking now is how to get the azo compounds to Professor Koch early.
"Mr. Professor, the bacterial staining method you invented has found the most important and effective method for the study of bacteriology. And Paul was inspired by the method you invented, trying to make bacteria die by coloring, so why don't we experiment with some dyes, such as red azo compounds? It's also a dye, and we can experiment with this compound. "Joy and Professor Koch are depicting a hypothesis that actually exists.
"Mr. Professor, you may consider giving Joey a subject." Postdoc Olrich smiled at Professor Koch.
"No, no, no!" Joey hurriedly shook his hand, "I'm just a bold assumption, where will I do any experiments..."
"That's an interesting idea, Joey, don't you really want to try it?" Professor Koch asked amusedly. Seeing Joey shake his head resolutely, Professor Koch said to Dr. Ulrich, "Paul, this is a good subject, Joey's idea is a bit similar to your current research on trypanozoa, you can think about how to do it with Kitasato and Emile." If there's something whimsical needed, I think little Joey will help. ”
"Mr. Professor, aren't you going to participate?" Joey asked curiously.
"Joey, I can't do it for the time being, there is an outbreak of rinderpest in Somalia, I need to rush over to help immediately, it may take half a year to a year. I really regret not having time to teach you. Professor Koch shrugged helplessly, "If you have any questions about medicine, you can ask Emir, Kitasato and Paul, and they will answer your questions for me, and I hope that when I come back from Africa, I can see a different progress in my new students." Professor Koch patted Joey on the shoulder expectantly.
Only then did Joey remember another attribute of German scientists of this era: cosmopolitanism.