Section 187 The Situation in the Steppes of Central Asia
Since the Northern Expedition of several generations of emperors of the Ming Dynasty, there has been no objection to the exit, and they all believe that the Manchu forces entrenched in Mobei must be completely destroyed, otherwise once they recover, they will definitely go south to fight for the Central Plains.
But the Manchu Qing Dynasty was different from Emperor Yuan Shun, who ran to Mongolia, but Jiaqing ran to Ili (Xinjiang). The purpose of the Ming Army's Northern Expedition was to eliminate the Northern Yuan regime, and according to this logic, the Great Zhou Pass should also go out of Yumen Pass and go to Ili.
There is a huge difficulty in this, Jiaqing escaped from Ili, and if the Zhou army wanted to pursue Jiaqing, there was only one place that he had to pass, and that was the Hexi Corridor. According to the investigation, where Jiaqing passed, all the treasury was taken away, and all the things that could not be taken were burned, destroying the post stations along the way, and blocking the wells. Finally, troops were stationed in Hami to block the Hexi Corridor.
With such a Hexi corridor, it is impossible to supply a unit that is very dependent on military supplies, artillery can't pass, gunpowder can't pass, and even grain and grass can't pass, how can this be a war? Before slowly moving forward to rebuild the forward base step by step, he could only sigh at Yili.
So in this case, do you still want to get out of the customs?
The purpose of Zhou Lang's exit is only the vast territory of the Mongolian steppe and the rich resources contained in that territory.
The basic conditions for customs exit have also been met, that is, all those customs points are controlled. Just like taking Shanhaiguan for the first time, before Zhou Lang left Beijing, a series of passes such as Juyong Pass, Gubeikou and Zhangjiakou were also taken, after Gou Quan captured Shanxi, he did not participate in the Sichuan-Shaanxi Campaign, and he has been recovering those passes in the northwest of Shanxi, and now basically the Great Zhou has controlled the territory of the Ming Dynasty, and the nine sides are all in his hands.
However, after more than half a year of campaigning, although most of them were only armed marches, the intensity of the battle was not as great as the battle of Beijing, and the operation that could cross several provinces was still too difficult for the army of this era. Why did Napoleon fail, from France to Russia, the long journey was probably the biggest difficulty. Only the Chinese army has this kind of large-scale operation that can easily span thousands of miles, but even the Chinese soldiers still feel struggling.
Moreover, the Mongolian steppe is too large, and if you go into the depths of the steppe to fight, it will not be easier than this time, and it will also be a disaster for transporting supplies. Therefore, Zhou Lang intends to adopt a low-cost Huairou policy rather than a government strategy. He captured so many Mongol princes in Beijing, and it came in handy at this time, sending them out of the customs to recruit the Mongol tribes, and it was a pity that he succeeded, if these princes took the opportunity to escape, it would not lose anything.
Zhou Lang has always been not interested in grasping Jiaqing, he is different from Zhu Yuanzhang's concerns, he is not worried that Jiaqing can come back to restore, history is gone, a country that is moving towards industrialization, it is impossible to return to the dynastic era. Unless Zhou Lang made the country angry, the direction of China's development had changed, no longer based on agriculture, but to the era of handicrafts and commerce, and then the era of big industry and the industrial revolution.
In this case, no matter how thick the foundation of Jiaqing is outside the Guan, it can only become cannon fodder under the blow of the modern army, even if Genghis Khan is resurrected, it is impossible to lead the cold weapon army to conquer this world, let alone Jiaqing?
If Jiaqing had thus taken control of the Central Asian steppes, Zhou Lang would have felt that it would not be a bad thing, at least to prevent the Russians from acting on this generation of government. Although the regime of Jiaqing was behind the times, it was still very progressive compared to the nomadic society of the Central Asian steppes, and the Manchus were very good at ruling the nomads. If even the nomadic kings of the Mongols can be domesticated by them, the Kazakh herders in the Central Asian steppes should not be a problem, the control was weak before, it was because it was too far away, and now it is close at hand, maybe they really control the Central Asian region.
Jiaqing's regime is still a Sinicized regime after all, and if they can control Central Asia, it will be easier for the Great Zhou to conquer here if necessary.
But Zhou Langgao looked at Jiaqing's ability, and the knowledge level of his subordinates may really be higher than that of the herdsmen in Central Asia, but the Eight Banners can't beat these herdsmen.
Since entering Ili, Jiaqing found that the Central Asian tribal groups that were originally obedient to the Qing Dynasty began to show their fangs, crossed the border wall many times, and entered the territory of Ili to plunder, and the Andijan people (Kokand Khanate) and Kazakhs participated.
Fortunately, because the Manchu Qing Dynasty set up the Eight Banners of Garrison in Ili, Ili was still largely in the hands of the Qing court, and General Yili also expressed his deference to Jiaqing, and the army and civil and military officials brought to Jiaqing were settled.
Why did he come to Yili, this was actually a choice when he was in Taiyuan, at that time he had two choices, one was to go out of the customs to Mongolia, and then detour to Shengjing, return to his ancestral land, rely on Shengjing Eight Banners to gain a foothold, and the other was to go to Shaanxi. But at that time, Zhu Jue told him that once he went to Shengjing, then the three provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan would no longer exist, and Wang Jie of Shaanxi said that he had recruited 400,000 Qin soldiers. Jiaqing was not completely desperate at that time, and the materials and manpower in Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan really couldn't bear to give up, so they fled to Shaanxi.
By the time the enemy soldiers approached Xi'an, Jiaqing had no choice, except for running to Gansu, it was not safe in other directions, and when he ran to Gansu, the other party could only run to Yili.
Of course, Jiaqing doesn't want to give up the ancestral land in the Northeast, but there is actually nothing anywhere, only Liaoning has been developed, Jilin has developed half of it, and Heilongjiang is barren, even if the developed Liaoning, compared to Guannei, it is actually very desolate, and the entire Northeast has a population of 1.2 million.
In front of Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan, with a population of tens of millions, it is not difficult for Jiaqing, who has not given up the dream of recovering the country, to choose, but the Northeast cannot give up, even if he is in Yili now, he still can't give up the Northeast, not because he is unwilling to give up the land there, but because he can't give up the people there.
Although the population of the Northeast is small, the army is large, and it is still not corrupted by the customs inside the Guanwai Eight Banners. Eight Banners were stationed in various parts of the Northeast, mainly around Shengjing. These Eight Banners soldiers were different from the Manchurians before entering the customs, and they were called "New Manchuria". It was formed from the tribes of Ningguta, Jilin Ula and other places further north.
Due to the ban policy of the Kangxi period, the areas where these new Manchuria were located did not have bustling street markets, and life was relatively simple. The Qing court gave these soldiers recruited from various tribes to give them land according to their dictation, but it was only in the name that there was no shortage of land in the northeast, and these people were allowed to open up the wasteland at will.
The only flaw is that the knowledge level of the Eight Banners outside the Guanxi is generally backward and their style of work is barbaric, and the bannermen who are transferred from outside the Guanxi to become officials are often discriminated against by the Eight Banners in Beijing and look down on them. Why is the culture backward, because as early as the Kangxi period, no one wanted to go to the Northeast to be an official, Kangxi twenty-one years (1682), "the new supplement Fengtian deputy capital unified check library, avoid not going to the post" was dismissed; Shengjing's general An Zhuhu also "said to everyone that he was willing to come to Beijing to be a civil official of the ministry." There are deputy commanders who would rather be dismissed, and there are also Sheng Jing generals who are willing to come to Beijing to be petty officials. It shows that no one really wants to go there, this is still a matter of the Kangxi period, during the Qianlong period, the customs were more prosperous, and no one went.
Therefore, the soldiers of the Eight Banners outside the Guanwai were Manchurians, and even the officials had to be selected from the local area, resulting in a very poor quality of officials and a very bad atmosphere in the officialdom. But there is a little benefit, these vulgar men are loyal, which makes Jiaqing quite moved. Because of his order, General Sheng Jing took more than 10,000 Eight Banners across the Mongolian steppe and rushed to Ili to help in the war. He also asked General Ningguta to bring over the tribes in the Heilongjiang region under his jurisdiction, such as the Sauron tribe (Oroqen people) and the Hezhe tribe that could be brought to Ili.
In addition, a group of herdsmen were recruited from the foreign vassal Mongolia, and the princes of Qinghai and Tibet also came to defect to a greater or lesser extent. These troops, together with the tens of thousands of troops brought out of Shaanxi and Gansu by Jiaqing, plus the thousands of eight banners stationed in Ili, totaled 100,000 troops. Many of the children of the Eight Banners who fled from Beijing to Jiaqing all the way to Yili, although their courage was insufficient, but their knowledge level was not bad, and the "expedition" along the way was also sharpened, so they took them and stationed them in various Karons (border posts, some of which went deep into the Kazakh steppe) in the border areas, and finally stopped the spontaneous raids of the Central Asian herdsmen.
After stabilizing the interior, at this time the Qing government's jurisdiction over Ili was very loose, only a few places such as Hami had Han people's reclamation communities, Ili was surrounded by the nomadic areas of the four tribes of Turgot, and southern Xinjiang was the Hui Zhufan, and the leaders of the tribes were allied to ensure that the Qing Dynasty would continue to treat the ministries well, and asked the ministries to send troops to help in the war, and added 20,000 troops.
The progress is so smooth, Jiaqing seems to be a different person, forgetting the prosperity of the market in Guannai, getting used to the Gobi wind and sand of Hanhai, staying in the vast place for a long time, people's minds seem to have become broader. He seized the time to train soldiers, build weapons, raise grain and grass, and went deep into the Kazakh steppe many times to hunt, which severely shocked the Kazakh Khanate.
It is better to deter the Kazakh Khanate than to deter Russia.
Because Kazakhstan is actually already under the control of the Russians. Kazakhstan has always been divided into three parts, saying that the internal struggle of large, medium and small three Yuzi has been very fierce, except for the rise of a few strong leaders who can unify Kazakhstan, most of the time they are independent, and even attack each other, so it is difficult to resist foreign enemies, Kangxi to the Qianlong era, has been suppressed by the Jungger Mongols in the territory of Ili, and has become a vassal of Dzungar.
But Zhunger didn't know what to do, and repeatedly fought with the Manchus, and was defeated by Kangxi and Qianlong many times, the last time was in the 1850s, Qianlong defeated Zhunger again, completely ending Zhunger's control of Kazakhstan. But with the loss of a hegemon in the steppe, the power vacuum was immediately filled by Tsarist Russia.