After France acquired jurisdiction over northern Vietnam in 1874, it began to operate the port of Haiphong, which was deeply entrenched and well-equipped, especially with military facilities, and was not an easy place to capture. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

All the French troops retreating from Hanoi retreated to Haiphong, and it was clear that they had no intention of ceding this strategic point.

Most of the main forces of the French navy, which had been reinforced to Vietnam from the French mainland, were also stationed in Haiphong.

Because the French occupied Haiphong, they cut off the mouth of the Red River and cut off the outlet of the Red River, but they did not cut off the Red River shipping, and hundreds of ships from Hanoi to Yunnan still flowed in an endless stream, sending all kinds of supplies and carrying away all kinds of goods.

The Ming Dynasty strengthened the defense of Haiphong, repaired various fortifications built by the French at the beginning, installed a large number of artillery, and the French warships could not go up the Shuo River to threaten here, so the Red River is now a semi-navigable river, and the benefits of navigation are in the hands of the Ming Dynasty, the coastal defense occupied by the French has become an isolated island, and even Haiyang, Taiping and other provinces near Haiphong are the hardest hit areas of the squire uprising.

The French regarded Haiphong as a strategic fortress to block the southward movement of the Ming Navy, and also as a base for the French Navy to advance northward, which made the Ming Navy extremely painful, but for a time it was unable to go south to fight a decisive battle with the French army.

Because of the Ming Dynasty's continuous arms expansion war in recent years, the French are actually not idle, and the French know in their hearts that the Ming Dynasty's arms expansion war is aimed at France, and they cannot have no corresponding countermeasures.

The overall strength of France, especially the economic strength is stronger, and the financial capital in the economic strength is the strongest, so the financing ability of the French government is quite terrifying, the Ming is expanding the navy, France is also expanding the navy, the Ming has built thirty new ironclad ships, France has built twenty new ones, there are thirty-eight old ironclad ships, their capital ships are still close to the Ming double, in such an advantage, the French Navy has no reason not to take the initiative, and the Ming Navy has become very cautious.

Therefore, in the coastal defense campaign, the navy needs the help of the army, and the army will take the lead in launching an attack on Haiphong Port, and after the army has achieved certain results, or even after the Haiphong port has been captured, the navy will cooperate with the army to attack the French Navy, or intercept the French Navy on the way to retreat, depending on the situation, but the army will take the lead in launching the attack, and this point is not disputed.

The Ming Army continued to enter Hanoi by rail from within the country, and then marched along the Red River towards the mouth of the river.

At this time, the Ming showed a strong ability to storm the army, or the energy of the preparations in the past few years was released, no matter how much the French increased their troops along the way, they could not compare with the Ming in terms of troops, almost every battle the Ming Dynasty was attacking the French army with two times or even four or five times the strength and firepower, which made the French army completely unable to resist the enemy, and could only recover all the way to the coastal defense fortress.

In May, it took only one month for the Ming Army to rush the French army into the coastal defense fortress, and then surrounded the coastal defense, this time it was a complete encirclement, along the coastal defense fortress, around the fortifications built on the periphery, while going around the Tu Mountain to the sea, while reaching Ha Long Bay, forming a semi-circular encirclement with a length of more than 80 kilometers, completely cutting the coastal defense into an isolated island.

The construction of the fortifications still employed hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese laborers, not only from Vietnam, but also from the local Chinese, because to be honest, Vietnam was not a densely populated country at this time, and when the French colony of Cochinchina was built, it had a population of only 12 million, which included Cambodia and Laos.

Even if Vietnam has the largest population among the three countries, even if it accounts for eighty or ninety percent, it is only 10 million people, Hanoi is the capital of the former dynasty, and the north is also the core area of the former dynasty, but there are too many casualties in the war of the former dynasty, and the north has been baptized by famine, war and disease in recent years, and many people have died of starvation and disease, and the total population of the northern region does not exceed more than three million, and it is impossible to levy too much.

Chinese immigrants account for about one-fifth of them, so it is impossible not to mobilize the strength of Chinese laborers, not only Chinese workers, but also local Yao people, Bai Miao people, Nong Ying people and other minority groups have also been recruited by the government, relatively speaking, there may be force, but there are few complaints.

In the northern part of Vietnam, Hua and Yue live together, and the close cultural background makes the relationship relatively harmonious. However, this was not the case at first, and when the Liangguang Tiandihui first entered Vietnam 20 years ago, the relationship with the Vietnamese locals was mainly based on conflict.

At the same time, in a large sense, the armed movement of the peasants of the Tiandihui to the south has squeezed out the living space of the Vietnamese, and struggle is of course inevitable.

In the struggle, the superiority of the Tiandihui armed forces is self-evident, not to mention the Vietnamese people, who even fight the local government. There have been many recorded major battles, such as the Heaven and Earth Society, which entered Vietnam in 1868 and defeated the Vietnamese army at Lang Son on the border, beheading Deputy Admiral Nguyen Nhat Thanh. In 1870, Su Guohan's armed forces attacked Lang Son at night, killing the commander Le Van Chi, and local officials Vo Trung Binh, Deng Suan, and the minister Nguyen Van Siang, who was only a magistrate at the time, fled.

Li Yangcai, who later entered Vietnam, was armed by Li Yangcai, who was born as a regular deputy general of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the purpose of entering Vietnam was not simple, Li Yangcai failed in his activities in the Manchu Qing Dynasty and lost his official position as a deputy general.

When Li Yangcai, Huang Chongying and Huang Chongying first arrived in northern Vietnam, they were killed by the local Miao people, and the local Bai Miao people, Yao people and Nong Ying people all had their own walled cities and guns.

According to records, in 1872, Huang Chongying led the crowd to attack a village more than 100 miles away from Shanxi, "here are the people who have taken refuge, so there are hundreds of thousands of residents, and more than 10,000 people from the Huang Department have arrived, and after setting up camp nearby, they will attack and dig tunnels to pass through the Turen village fence, and set up arson to blow it up", and the declaration also published the incident of the people who entered Vietnam to attack and kill the Vietnamese people, "There is a dangerous place in Taiyuan, called Longyan Cave." It is a famous large village in Vietnam, with tens of thousands of tobacco households, and is quite wealthy. After the moon of the yellow and black flag attack, Li reversed Li Yang and arrived, but the villagers refused to lie and refused to do their best. Li Yingfu led the party to take the risk of attacking for four days and nights, and seized and defended it" and other records.

Other small groups of peasants were armed, carrying forward their style of robbery and extortion in the country, and they did not make a good impression either. For example, Huang Er, He Yamu, Xu Wan, etc., who entered Vietnam, led more than 300 people to attack the local Shanyao village gate in northern Vietnam, and extorted "hundreds of silver on a certain day". Wang Shilin was armed, "every time he arrived at a place, he would plunder the army, but there were many poor households in each market, and there were few rich households, and even kidnapping people for extortion, there was no gain." The rebel Wu Ya finally went to the area of China's diplomatic circles to loot grain and grass because of the lack of food, and "all the animals were trapped among the thieves".

Later, Ding Baozhen, the governor of Sichuan in the Manchu Qing Dynasty, who was responsible for helping Vietnam suppress the Tiandihui forces, reported the relevant situation to the emperor, saying: "After the ministers heard that they had rebelled against themselves and extinguished themselves, the remnants of the party dispersed into Vietnam, and they still lived by plundering thousands of records, and Vietnam suffered greatly. ”

Because when the Heaven and Earth Armed Forces first entered Vietnam, they had no foundation and could only plunder for a living, so they were constantly attacking and killing the local people, and it was impossible to get along with each other.

Later, the Vietnamese government began to appease these brave peasant armies, resettle them on land, and even allocate grain, grass, and cattle, and some would continue to rebel after eating the grain, such as Huang Chongying and his successor Ye Chenglin, but some honestly took the funding given by the Vietnamese to open up the wasteland on the spot, such as Liu Yongfu Black Flag Military Department.

After 1875, the relationship between the Chinese and the local people in northern Vietnam began to become harmonious, and a relatively peaceful immigration leader like Liu Yongfu played a considerable role, not only to appease the Han people, but also to take in the Vietnamese refugees to reclaim the famine, and under his command the Chinese and the Vietnamese people lived in harmony, and they all served him as soldiers. In addition, some Chinese began to intermarry with the locals, and Liu Yongfu's singles all married Vietnamese daughters-in-law. Vietnamese daughter-in-law is very strong, and there have been two women who are Chinese soldiers' wives, after the husband died in the anti-French war, the two actually recruited soldiers to avenge their husbands.

In 1873, the French army invaded Beiqi, which aroused the resistance of the locals, at this time the Chinese, Yue, Yao and other ethnic groups united against the French army, and the cohesion in this war improved the relationship in a short period of time.

It is recorded that when Liu Yongfu attacked the French army's maritime fort in Ha Long Bay, he could not capture it, and the brave warriors among the Miao people, who were familiar with water, drove a small boat to fight to the death on the fort, killed the French artillery, and captured the fort. When the French blew up the embankment and flooded the anti-French Chinese, the Vietnamese drove small boats and rescued many people. The Bai Miao people are not soldiers, but they are very hard at transporting food.

It is precisely because of the invasion of France that it led to the integration of ethnic relations in northern Vietnam, and it can be said that Sino-Vietnamese relations depend on France.

With the cooperation of ten years ago, this time the French have made a comeback, the Chinese peasant armies, the Vietnamese squire forces, and the Yao and Miao cottage leaders have been able to contact each other in advance and resist the enemy together. Therefore, they understand that the Vietnamese government recruited laborers through these rural organizations to work for the Ming army. In particular, the Ming army insisted on paying them cash wages, which mobilized the enthusiasm of these laborers.

A month later, the improvised trenches were completed, and then a strong fortress battery was built deep into the encirclement, so that the distance could be used to bombard the cannons on the French fortress, but on the whole it showed that the army was at a loss, because the French army still occupied the terrain, and all the high ground was basically controlled by the French army.

After completing the encirclement, the Ming Dynasty began to seek to change this situation, after careful reconnaissance, the army decided to attack the Tu Shan Pass in the south of Haiphong, which is deep into the sea, and Ji Po Island in the north is like two arms embracing coastal defense, once it can capture Tu Mountain, although the range of artillery is not up to 26 kilometers away in Haiphong City, but it can already block the Tu Shan Bend sea, so that the French fleet can not stay in Haiphong, otherwise there is a possibility of being gathered and annihilated.