Chapter 207: Untitled (2)

Remnants of Kunsha and other smaller ethnic armed groups: The remnants of Khunsha include Zhang Weigang's Self-Defense Forces, Ma Hasan's Wa National Liberation Army, Zhao Sulai, Dai Kang, and Ming Shao's headquarters. The total strength is about 10,000. Other smaller anti-government groups include the Arakan National Liberation Army, the Arakan Liberation Party and the Chin Liberation Army.

United Wa State Party and United Wa State Army (MNSA): Originally known as the United National Democratic Party of Myanmar, it was separated from the Central Army of the Communist Party of Burma in April 1989. In November 1989, it was renamed the United Wa State Party. The armed forces led by the party are called the "United Wa State Army" or "United Wa Army" for short. The Wa coalition forces controlled two parts, the north and the south. It borders China in the north, with an area of 1.7-18,000 square kilometers and a population of more than 400,000. It is bordered by Thailand and Laos in the south, with an area of 1.8-19,000 square kilometers and a population of 220,000. The United Wa Army, which has grown to 35,000 men, is the largest ethnic local armed force in Myanmar. Zhao Nilai, the current general secretary of the party, Xiao Mingliang and Bao Youyi, deputy general secretaries. Bao Youxiang, commander-in-chief of the Wa coalition army, and Li Ziru and Blekang, deputy commanders-in-chief. The headquarters is located in Bangkang (formerly known as Bangsang). The "Administrative Affairs Management Department", the southern command organ, is located at the Lai San Outpost. Minister Wei Xuegang (concurrently commander of the Southern Military Region), Secretary Bao Youyi (concurrently political commissar of the Southern Military Region)

The Kachin New Democratic Army (NDA): An armed group that broke away from the Communist Party of Burma (CPM) in October 1989 by the 101st Army of the Communist Party of Burma. At present, the control area is 6,000 square kilometers, divided into four districts: Pianma, Xidong, Tuojiao and Luokong, with a population of more than 70,000 people. The armed forces have more than 500 troops and more than 1,000 militia. Chairman and Commander Ding Ying, Deputy Commander Ze Long. The headquarters is located in Banwa.

The New Mon State Party (NMSP): Founded in 1962 and chaired by Nai Rui Jing, in 1980 there were contradictions and infighting within the party, and it was divided into two factions. In 1987, the two factions were reunited after consultation. Between 1993 and 1995, the party held four reconciliation talks with the Burmese government. A political reconciliation agreement was signed between the two sides in June 1995. Since 1998, the New Mon State Party has claimed to suspend the peace agreement with the Burmese government because of the Burmese government's policy of assimilation in Mon-populated areas. At present, the party has a total strength of more than 7,800 troops, more than 8,300 weapons of various kinds, and its headquarters is located in Yekampa.

Shan Eastern Allied Army (NDAA): An armed group established in April 1989 by the 815th Military Region of the Communist Party of Myanmar. At present, the control area covers an area of more than 4,950 square kilometers and is divided into three administrative regions: Xiaomengla, Nanban and Salou. It has a population of 74,000 people. The total strength is 3,300 people, Chairman and Commander Lin Mingxian, Deputy Commanders Jiang Zhiming and Luo Changbao. The headquarters is located in Xiao Mongla.

The Kokang Allied Army (MDNA) is an armed group that was established in March 1989 by the Northeast Military Region of the Communist Party of Myanmar. In 1992, there was infighting in the ministry, and Commander Peng Jiasheng and Chief of Staff Yang Maoliang fought, as a result, Yang Maoliang drove Peng Jiasheng out and became chairman and commander. In 1995, Peng Jiasheng fought back and became the chairman, with his brother Peng Jiafu as the commander and Wei Chaoren as the chief of staff. At present, the area under control is 2,700 square kilometers, with a population of 220,000 and more than 2,700 armed forces. Among them, there are more than 500 soldiers and their headquarters are located in Lao Cai.

Shan State Army (SSA): Leader Serting, 2,100 troops, headquarters in Shengjia.

Kachin Guard Army (KDA): Leader Mu Tuno, more than 2,000 troops, headquarters post.

Bou National Organization (PNO): Leader Onkandi, more than 1,400 troops, headquarters in Jiaodelong.

Bang Long Bang Liberation Army (PSLA): Leader Wu Aimeng, more than 1,400 troops, headquarters Nanmadu.

KNG: Leader of Gebaye State, 80 troops, headquarters in Monbe.

Karenni National Liberation Front (KNLF): Leaders Mesanda and Wu Tunjue, with more than 1,600 troops, headquarters in Hoya.

Shin Ke Yangbang Party (KPP): Leader U Swee Ai, U Than Soophan, 150 troops, headquarters in Pinkong.

Shan People's Liberation Organization (SSNPLO): Leader U Da Grei, 3,100 troops, headquarters in Naodul.

Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP): Leaders Ondanre, Ukuttebupe, 7,800 troops, headquarters in Dadamaki.

Communist Party of Rakhine (CPB): Leader Sathorn Ng, 300 troops, headquarters in Buthi Cave.

Armed groups that have emerged in Laos are mainly the National United Front (also known as the Chongbazi Group) that continue to operate, and in recent years armed riots have been carried out in the Laos-Thailand border area. Founded in 2014, the armed group is led by the grandson of the last king of Laos, Sisavan Vadana, Xiaoche Sisavong, who is also the nephew of the first president of Laos, Supha Nuphon, also known as the "Red Prince", and advocates the restoration of the Lao monarchy. In 1975, the Lao People's Revolutionary Party overthrew the Kingdom of Laos, and on December 2 of the same year, the Lao People's Revolutionary Party established the Lao People's Democratic Republic. After the fall of Sisavan Vadana, he was sent to a labor camp by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. He died on May 13, 1978 in Sangnu. The fifth son was born in France in 2001. Younger Che Sisavan inherited the title of "Prince" after the death of his father. The organization receives assistance from separatist organizations in Europe and the United States all year round, with 1,300 members and sophisticated weapons.

The Revolutionary United Front (RUF), a rebel group in the Republic of Sierra Leone, was ultimately defeated in an eleven years of Sierra Leone's civil war (1991-2002) in an attempt to overthrow the Government. In 1991, the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) launched a rebellion in eastern Sierra Leone to overthrow the Government, which succeeded in a change of Government in 1992. With the help of the Special Envoys of the Organization of African Unity and the Economic Community of West African States, the conflict was resolved through negotiations. But in 1997, the Revolutionary United Front staged another military coup d'état and took control of the government. Since then, the war has been going on intermittently, and the people of Sierra Leone have been in misery. Its leader is Foday Sankoh.

The Liberians Alliance for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD), founded under former Liberian President Taylor and led by George DEH, is being phased out of disarmament.

Mouvement démocratie de la Casamance (MDC) (armed separatist organization) is an anti-government separatist armed group in the Casamance region of southern Senegal, founded around 1982. The organization is already in a divided situation due to the inability to reach an agreement on whether to implement the 2007 ceasefire agreement.

Mouvement pour la democratte et la justice in Chad was founded around 1998. Leader: Dogoyimi (killed by a mine strike in September 2002).

Rassemblement Nacional de la Nacional de Chad: Founded in 1996 and mainly active in the eastern region of Chad, led by Mohamed Ghafa.

The Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) is the largest rebel in Southern Sudan and is led by John Garang. The movement is also known as the Garang Movement, the SPLM, and the Mainstream, and its armed forces are called the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA). He advocated the overthrow of the current government by force, the establishment of a secular society, the abolition of the law, the fair development of the local economy, and the sharing of state property with the government. A formal peace settlement agreement was reached with the Government of the Sudan in January 2005. Its party chairman, John Garang, became Sudan's first vice president but died in a plane crash at the end of July. The First Vice-President of the Sudan is Salva Kiir Mayardit, Chairman of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement and Chairman of the Government of the South.